1 . Are you the type to run before breakfast in a morning? Working out on an empty stomach won't hurt you ——and it may actually help, depending on your goal.
Exercising before eating comes with the risk of feeling light-headed due to low blood sugar. You might feel tired or uneasy, and won't be able to work out as enthusiastically as you would have. A light amount of food is important for older adults over 55 to eat something before exercising — especially in the morning. But if your primary exercise goal is weight loss, exercising on an empty stomach may come with some promising benefits. There's some research to support the idea that working out in a fasted （禁食的）state can burn more fat than exercising in a fed state.
Working out on an empty stomach, however, may also not prove true for everyone. “Some people advocate for lasted exercise, but these people tend to be young and in amazing physical - shape,” says Douglas Paddon-Jones, a muscle physiology researcher and a professor of aging and health at the University of Texas Medical Branch. “They have no health problems, and what they're eating is super-high quality and carefully regulated.” On the other hand, working out in a fasted state without proper planning or professional oversight may run the risk of unhealthy body composition changes.
For people who aren't athletes, fueling up with food before a workout may be the best way to get the most fat-burning benefit. “You don't want to fill up； you just want to give your body a burst of energy to power your training period. After you exercise, drink some water ——but wait 60 to 90 minutes before eating, ”says Shivani Sahni, director of the nutrition program at Harvard University's Instituted for Aging Research. “You're trying to take advantage of your promoted metabolic （新陈代谢）rate post-exercise, so if you can go an hour or an hour and a half without eating, you'll maximize the fat-burning response,” says she.
1. Why does the author suggest exercising in a fed state?| A．To avoid being light-headed. | B．To lower blood sugar. |
| C．To burn more fat. | D．To work out energetically. |
| A．Older adults. | B．Seniors beyond 55. |
| C．Professional athletes. | D．Good-shaped athletes. |
| A．Developing a new lifestyle. |
| B．Finding a fitness instructor. |
| C．Going without food for a time. |
| D．Drinking salty water after exercising., |
| A．Skeptical. | B．Cautious. | C．Supportive. | D．Subjective . |
2 . Being highly successful in any field is pretty rare. It takes a combination of natural talent, luck, determination, and plenty of outside support for someone to make it big in sports, entertainment, or business. But what if competing is all that matters to you, whether you are likely to succeed or not? This was the goal of Michael Eddie the Eagle Edwards, and that he reached that goal was an amazing achievement.
Born in the U.K. in 1963, Michael was an enthusiastic downhill skier whose dream was to compete for Britain in world-class competitions. He would have liked to represent his country in the 1984 Winter Olympics, but there were a large number of downhill competitors, and Edwards didn't qualify. Seeing his chance elsewhere, he switched to ski jumping. Ski jumping didn't cost nearly as much, and there was almost no competition for a place on the Britain team.
But a number of hurdles（障碍）could have meant the end of Edwards' dream. He weighed more than most competitors, which put him at a disadvantage. He had no financial support for his training. Poor eyesight meant that he had to wear glasses under his goggles（护目镜）—not a good thing when they steamed up at high altitudes. But he couldn't let any of this discourage him. He saw himself as a true lover of the sport who simply wanted the chance to compete. Winning wasn't the point. Having the opportunity to try was all he cared about. And nothing could stop him from trying.
In the end, Edwards took 55th place in the 1987 World Championships. He then went on to the Calgary Olympics in 1988, where he finished last in both of his events. Many athletes would have been embarrassed by this result, but he is proud of his achievement to this day. His determination to fight against all the odds made him a global hero, and in 2016, the inspiring film Eddie the Eagle was made about his life.
1. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?| A．To add some background information. | B．To introduce the topic. |
| C．To expect an answer from readers. | D．To uncover the secret of success. |
| A．There was little competition. | B．The equipment was cheaper. |
| C．It took less skill. | D．It was easy to win the championship. |
| A．switched to film making | B．was embarrassed by his results |
| C．felt he had reached his goal | D．was glad it was over |
A．His enthusiasm for the sport. | B．His ability to overcome physical disabilities. |
| C．His attitude towards the Olympics. | D．His determination to win. |
3 . There are many ways to travel within a city. We can walk, cycle, or take a bus. But no matter which way we travel, we have to stick to the route(线路) the city planners laid down for us.
Parkour practitioners (跑酷爱好者), however, see the city in a completely different way. To them, there are no fixed routes. There are no walls and no stairs—since they jump, climb, roll and crawl to move across, through, over and under anything that they find in their path. The city is their playground.
The International Gymnastics Federation (FIG) has noticed that this activity is drawing more and more people to it—there are 100,000 people taking part in parkour today in the UK alone, according to the Guardian—and how it is helpful for people to be much stronger: It trains coordination and balance. So the organization is thinking about recognizing parkour as a new sport and adding it to the Olympics by 2024.
But parkour practitioners themselves don’t seem to be happy with the idea. They see parkour as “a lifestyle”, wrote the website NextSportStar. “It’s a competition against the conditions rather than just a sport.”
Indeed, many do parkour just to “escape the daily routine and experience the city in different ways”, wrote reporter Oli Mould on The Conversation. They see parkour as a way to express themselves through relaxing moves and creative routes while freeing themselves from the pressure.
It’s great that the FIG wants to develop new sport and stay close to a new cultural form. But it would be greater if they knew that not everything in life is a competition.
1. How do the parkour practitioners do parkour?| A．They move on as they wish. | B．They plan the way themselves. |
| C．They run faster than others. | D．They stick to certain routes. |
| A．It’s a special way of life. | B．It draws their attention. |
| C．It’s good for people to keep healthy. | D．It needs some rules and instructions. |
| A．It is more formal than other sports. | B．It helps people to be creative. |
| C．It’s worth adding to the sporting event. | D．It calls on people to work as a team. |
| A．A new sports competition | B．Parkour practitioners |
| C．Training in a different way | D．Making the city their own |
