2 . In the past 70 years, physical activity in America has transformed from a necessity of daily life into an often-expensive leisure(闲暇)activity, and has reformed itself as the basis of people's social position."In the 1950s and 1960s, the body became a problem, and exercise developed — it had to develop-because people realized that we were all going to die of heart attacks," Shelly McKenzie, the author of Getting Physical： The Rise of Fitness Culture in America, told me.
With new middle-class needs coming into new marketing, Jack LaLanne!s instructional exercise TV show introduced much of the country to the active pursuit of physical fitness in 1951, paving the way for workout tapes from fitness superstars such as Richard Simmons and Jane Fonda.In the 1970s, exercise began to leave the home, both through the popularization of jogging and weightlifting and in more organized ways, such as Jazzercise classes.
No matter how they package it, these businesses aren't just selling physical activity； they're providing people with a way to stick to expectations that the industry itself helped set."Exercise, and especially public exercise, came to indicate mental, emotional, and even spiritual health and virtue," Marc Stern wrote in 2008," In return for the effort, gym-goers attain(获得)the type of body that proves their virtue to all who see them.”
That these physical standards are difficult to achieve is the point."We live in a culture in which being diligent is highly, highly praised," Petrzela, the New School professor, who is working on a book about fitness's place in American culture, told me.
“Many people want to be regarded as people who value exercise, because it shows they're committed to（致力于）self-improvement, and to hard work."Above and beyond movement itself, part of the satisfaction of gym-going comes from performing those values around other people who share them, and from achieving what that community regards as success.
1. Why did exercise develop in the 1950s and 1960s?
| A．Because exercise was a necessity of daily life. |
| B．Because people realized the importance of body health. |
| C．Because exercise was an often-expensive leisure activity. |
| D．Because people regarded exercise as the foundation of people's social position. |
2. Why do many people like going to gym according to Marc Stern?
| A．To keep healthy. | B．To gain good body shape. |
| C．To show their good character. | D．To prove their social position. |
3. What do NOT make people gain satisfaction from going to the gym?
| A．Seeing some superstars in the gym. |
| B．The same values around other people. |
| C．Achieving success defined by that group of people. |
| D．Being regarded as people who're committed to self-improvement. |
4. What is the text mainly about?
| A．How to keep healthy. |
| B．Why American people want to gain virtue. |
| C．Why physical activity developed in America. |
| D．How physical activity developed in America. |
