1 . Running is often tiring and a lot of hard work, but nothing beats the feeling you get after finishing a long workout around the track.
But while it’s long been believed that endorphins (内啡肽) —chemicals in the body that cause happiness—are behind the so-called “runner’s high”, a study suggested that there may be more to this phenomenon than we previously knew.
According to a recent study published by a group of scientists from several German universities, a group of chemicals called endocannabinoids (内源性大麻素) may actually be responsible for this familiar great feeling.
To test this theory, the scientists turned to mice. Both mice and humans release high levels of endorphins and endocannabinoids after exercise. After exercising on running wheels, the mice seemed happy and relaxed and displayed no signs of anxiety. But after being given a drug to block their endorphins, the mice’s behavior didn’t seem to change. However, when their endocannabinoids were blocked with a different drug, their runners’ high symptoms seemed to fade.
“The long-held notion of endorphins being responsible for the runner’s high is false. Endorphins are effective pain relievers, but only when it comes to the pain in your body and muscles you feel after working out,” Patrick Lucas Austin wrote on science blog Lifchacker.
Similar studies are yet to be carried out on humans, but it’s already known that exercise is a highly effective way to get rid of stress or anxiety. The UK’s National Health Service even prescribes (开药 方) exercise to patients who are suffering from depression. “Being depressed can leave you feeling low in energy, which might put you off being more active. Regular exercise can improve your mood if you have depression, and its especially useful for people with mild to moderate (中等的) depression,” it wrote on its website.
It seems like nothing can beat that feeling we get after a good workout, even if we don’t fully understand where it comes from. At least if we’re feeling down, we know that all we have to do is to put on our running shoes.
1. What did scientists from German universities recently discover?| A．Working out is a highly effective way to treat depression. |
| B．The runner’s high could be caused by endocannabinoids. |
| C．Endorphins may contribute to one’s high spirits after running. |
| D．The level of endorphins and endocannabinoids could affect one’s mood. |
| A．To find what reduces the runner’s high symptoms. |
| B．To see the specific symptoms of the runner’s high. |
| C．To identify what is responsible for the runner’s high. |
| D．To test what influences the level of endocannabinoids released. |
| A．Effect. | B．Goal. | C．Opinion. | D．Question |
| A．They can help ease depression symptoms. |
| B．They are the best way to treat depression. |
| C．They only work for those with serious depression. |
| D．They can help people completely recover from depression. |
英语演讲比赛 | |
| 主题 | 人与自然 |
| 时间 | 10月15日2:00-5 :00 |
| 地点 | 图书馆会议室 |
| 参赛选手 | 10名学生 |
| 联系人 | 李华(电话:44876655) |
要求:
1.词数: 100个左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Ms. Smith,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
1)广场舞跳的时间、地点、参与人员等；
2)广场舞流行的原因；
3)广场舞的缺点。
注意：
1)词数 100 左右；
2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3)开头语和结束语已为你写好。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4 . The annual marathon in my town occurred as scheduled. My job was to follow behind the runners in an ambulance in case any of them needed medical attention. As the athletes began to pace themselves, the front runners started to disappear. It was then that my eyes were drawn to the woman in blue running shorts and a baggy white T-shirt.
I knew we were already watching our “last runner”. Her feet were turned in, yet her left knee was turned out. Her legs were so crippled and bent that it seemed impossible for her to walk, let alone run a marathon.
The driver and I watched in silence as she slowly moved forward. We would move forward a little bit, then stop and wait for her to gain some distance. Then we’d slowly move forward a little bit more. As I watched her struggle to put one foot in front of the other, I found myself breathing for her and urging her forward. I wanted her to stop, and at the same time, I prayed that she wouldn’t.
Finally, she was the only runner left in sight. I sat on the edge of my seat and watched with respect and amazement as she pushed forward with sheer determination through the last miles. When the finish line came into sight, the cheering crowds had long gone home. Yet, standing straight and proud waited a man. He was holding one end of a ribbon tied to a post. She slowly crossed through, leaving both ends of the ribbon fluttering (飘动) behind her.
I don’t know this woman’s name, but that day she became a part of my life — a part I often depend on. For her, it wasn’t about beating the other runners or winning a prize. It was about finishing what she had set out to do. When I think things are too difficult or I get those “I-just-can’t-do-it,” I think of the last runner. Then I realize how easy the task before me really is.
1. What words can best describe the woman?| A．Proud and determined. | B．Strong-willed and honorable. |
| C．Modest and courageous. | D．Diligent and considerate. |
| A．Disabled. | B．Healthy. | C．Perfect. | D．Strong. |
| A．Don’t depend on others when facing hardships. |
| B．Nothing is too tough to accomplish if one is brave enough. |
| C．The disabled can also run a marathon despite their walking difficulty. |
| D．It’s not winning but finishing the thing we start that really matters. |
| A．A Humorous Stranger. | B．An Unforgettable Job. |
| C．The Last Runner. | D．The Annual Marathon. |
5 . Today was the fifth time that I had beaten Janice this year at tennis. I was beyond
My heart pounded as I dropped my head and held legs tightly. In a few seconds, my
I came
I glared at her and actually
After a few moments of
Janice glanced towards where I was looking at. She carefully got up and
| A．fond | B．proud | C．ashamed | D．aware |
| A．pretended | B．decided | C．intended | D．happened |
| A．laughing | B．shouting | C．whispering | D．crying |
| A．commitments | B．decisions | C．thoughts | D．impressions |
| A．accept | B．doubt | C．suggest | D．need |
| A．save | B．seek | C．live | D．perform |
| A．show | B．match | C．discussion | D．party |
| A．back | B．hand | C．face | D．heart |
| A．strangely | B．secretly | C．happily | D．suddenly |
| A．frequently | B．late | C．worriedly | D．alone |
| A．remember | B．comfort | C．warn | D．separate |
| A．audiences | B．families | C．relatives | D．coaches |
| A．unbearable | B．desperate | C．unwilling | D．generous |
| A．encourage | B．inform | C．force | D．expect |
| A．return | B．turn | C．appeal | D．see |
| A．darkness | B．silence | C．rest | D．argument |
| A．excuse | B．experience | C．behavior | D．habit |
| A．pulled | B．persuaded | C．threw | D．cleared |
| A．check | B．sign | C．glance | D．contact |
| A．regret | B．hesitation | C．inspiration | D．preparation |
