1 . The FDA is the common name for the Food and Drug Administration. It is a government agency that makes consumer goods safe. It regulates food and the food supply. It also controls diet supplement. The FDA also makes sure that drugs and medical devices are safe and effective.
For drugs and medical machines to be accepted, they must go through a lengthy process. There are many strict tests. First, anything that humans use must be tested on animals. This may take up to 6 years. Then, it must be tested with a few people. Testing on 15 to 20 people can last up to a year and a half. Third, a mid-sized group (100 to 500 people) is used. This often takes two years. Then a large group is tested over 3 years. Of 5,000 drugs discovered, only 5 enter trials. Of that, only one passes on to the market.
Food supplements like ginseng (人参) follow a different path. The FDA does not pre-test them as they do for drugs. The agency only controls these products if they are unsafe but are already being sold. Two exceptions are baby and medical food. Because those that use them are not strong, the FDA is more careful with these products.
Labeling(标签) is a major focus. A label must show what a product is for. For drugs, labels should say the name of the drug and what it is used for. It should also detail who should take it and list any side effects. It needs to detail directions for pregnant women, children, or old people. It also needs to detail safety information.
The FDA protects the public from harm. It achieves this through controls and labeling. It has standards for effectiveness in medical products. It also has standards for how information is shared.
1. According to the passage, how many drugs make it to the market?| A．Nearly five thousand. | B．One of five thousand. |
| C．Five thousand only. | D．Over five thousand. |
| A．Things the FDA avoids | B．Things the FDA controls |
| C．Things the FDA buys | D．Things the FDA refuses |
| A．It is a necessary way to protect the public. |
| B．It does not matter if people read the labels or not. |
| C．It is only good if people can find the label. |
| D．It has no use if doctors tell people what to do |
| A．Requirements for labeling |
| B．The acceptance of medical supplies |
| C．Why pregnant women take drugs |
| D．Controls for baby and medical food |
Company culture is a hot topic for nearly every business. Everyone wants to create a productive, collaborative and inviting work environment where all employees follow shared values and work toward a common goal.
We asked a group of entrepreneurs to share how they encourage their teams to participate in building the company culture. Here are their top recommendations.
Get employee input on the hiring process
While a hiring manager should always have a final say over who joins the team, it could help to allow employees of all levels to participate in the hiring process. Ismael Wrixen, CEO of FE International recommends letting some of a candidate's future teammates sit in on an interview, as this can help you find people who will fit in well with your other employees.
"Our company has a real familiar feel, and team members often socialize outside or work." Wrixen explains. ''Considering how people will fit in the team once they are hired has always been an important consideration."
Create a space and environment that allows for breaks
Company culture-building can sometimes feel forced, says Jessica Gonzalez, CEO of InCharged. To make it more organic and natural, Gonzalez believes the best thing to do is to create the space and environment for it.
"Some companies get a Ping-Pong table,” she says. "It doesn't really matter the details, but you have given your employees permission to take breaks and blow off some steam with their coworkers. That's where culture and connection will be built."
Stop micromanaging
If you want your employees to build a great culture of their own, don't disturb the process, says Solomon Thimothy, president of OneIMS. While he monitors all processes on his team (including culture-building), he only gets involved when his staff needs him, rather than constantly micromanaging.
"Connect people with each other, define your expectations, set the pace and leave them alone,” Thimothy says.
Plan activities that reflect your shared values
According to Beth Doane, managing partner of Main & Rose, your internal brand should reflect your external one. She recommends bringing your team together around a shared set of values and then doing activities to strengthen that brand.
"As a social-good focused firm, we love doing activities that give back-hiking, volunteering, cleaning up the environment, Doane adds. "It's fun and it gets the whole team involved in our mission."
Ask for their ideas and suggestions
If you really want your employees to help build the company culture, all you have to do is ask them for their input. Chris Christoff, cofounder of Monster Insights, says he is open to suggestions from team members on how to perform more efficiently.
“Opening the invitation to new ideas fosters a positive company culture because it shows employees their voices are heard and their opinions matter because they do," Christoff says. “It creates a relaxing, trustworthy environment where everyone respects what each other has to say.”
Anyhow, it's important to remember that culture is not necessarily a top-down creation. Instead, a successful culture is developed and maintained by the workers who live it every single day.
Company culture | |
| Introduction | Companies hope to possess a productive, collaborative work environment where every employee |
entrepreneurs | It helps when staff get |
| The company had better create a space and environment that takes | |
| The employers should leave development room for employees after setting goals for them but come to their assistance only if | |
| Based on shared values, the company ought to do activities where your internal brand should | |
| It's a wise choice to | |
| Conclusion | Company culture is not necessarily a top-down creation. Instead, its |
3 . How cool can libraries be in an era(时代) of iPods and Kindles? More than you think. Only if you now where to go.
Central Library: Seattle, Washington, United States
The Central Library in Seattle is modern and fashionable and has tourists from around the world paying visits and taking tours. It was designed by Dutch architect Rem Koolhaas and American designer Joshua Ramus. Tours began in 2006, two years after its opening.The library holds various art exhibitions, book signings and other events, while visitors can stop by the chocolate cart for a coffee and scan through the gift shop anytime.
Trinity College Library: D.ublin, Ireland
The Trinity College Library in Dublin is the oldest library in Ireland, founded in 1592 by Queen Elizabeth I. It is the largest single library in the world, also known as the Long Room, which contains more than 200,000 of the library’s oldest books. The Long room houses one of the oldest harps (竖琴) in Ireland. Dating to the 15th century, the old harp is the model for the symbol foreland.
Geisel Library: University of California, San Diego, United States
At first glance, it looks like a spaceship. Architect William Pereira, who helped design actual space launch facilities at Cape Canaveral in Houston, Texas, designed the library in 1970. It has been featured in sci-fi films, short stories and novels. The library hosts “Dinner in the Library,” which invites readers for cocktails, and also a special speech from well-known authors.
Bishan Public Library: Singapore
Located in the heart of Bishan, the award-winning Bishan Community Library spans 4,000 square meters. It was designed to look like a tree house. The colorful pods (吊舱) that stick out of one side of the building represent books sticking from a bookshelf. Inside the library, these pods offer private spaces for reading. Its ceiling-high glass windows also make it fun to watch people walking and reading from inside the building.
1. If you want to enjoy a movie, you can go to ________.| A．Central Library | B．Geisel Library |
| C．Bishan Public Library | D．Trinity College Library |
| A．It has very large glass windows. | B．It has ever won a prize for its size. |
| C．Queen Elizabeth I founded the library. | D．It is the largest single library in the world. |
| A．To encourage readers to visit these libraries. |
| B．To make an advertisement about these libraries. |
| C．To offer some information about these libraries. |
| D．To tell readers the importance of visiting libraries. |
4 . You may have heard of the Red Cross. It is an organization that helps people who are in need. It may be because of a flood, a war or an earthquake. No matter how bad the situation is, it will always be there to help! But it hasn’t always been this way. For example, in the United States, but for the passion (热情) of a woman named Clara Barton, the American Red Cross may have never been formed!
When Clara was young, she was very shy. One day when she was 11 years old, her elder brother, David, was badly injured. He was ill for two years. Clara cared for him the whole time. Through this experience she learned something very valuable about herself. She found out that she came alive when she cared for others.
Soon, Clara began taking care of injured animals. Neighbors began bringing their pets to her. And almost always, she made them better. When she was older, she became a nurse in the American Civil War and she helped save hundreds of soldiers.
After the Civil War, Clara went to Europe for a holiday. But that did not last long. Soon she began caring for soldiers in battle once again! But this time, she learned about an organization called the Red Cross which worked alongside her on the battlefield. Its task was to help those who needed it most.
She believed that the Red Cross was badly needed in America. Over several years, she asked different Presidents to bring the Red Cross to America. They all said no. But then, thanks to her persistence, one of the Presidents changed his mind! And the American Red Cross was born.
1. What is the second paragraph mainly about?| A．Who Clara cared about most. | B．Why Clara liked to care for others. |
| C．What Clara did for the Red Cross. | D．How Clara discovered her own value. |
| A．took a holiday in Europe |
| B．cared for her brother |
| C．helped injured soldiers in Europe |
| D．worked as a nurse in the American Civil War |
| A．Encouragement. | B．Determination. |
| C．Bravery. | D．Achievement. |
1. What would MAD Architects prefer buildings to be like?
| A．More environmentally friendly. | B．More attractive. | C．More traditional. |
| A．The situation of separation from nature. |
| B．The experience of living in ancient times. |
| C．The feeling of being in the natural world. |
| A．In Beijing. | B．In Chongqing. | C．In Rome. |
| A．Architects. | B．Engineers. | C．Office workers. |
1. How does the man feel about joining the association?
| A．Uninterested. | B．Relaxed. | C．Worried. |
| A．£5. | B．£10. | C．£35. |
| A．Once a month. | B．Twice a month. | C．Once a week. |
| A．Students doing sports after study. |
| B．Senior students helping other students out. |
| C．Students making speeches on various topics. |
1. What is the talk mainly about?
| A．A town. | B．A hospital. | C．An organization. |
| A．It is interesting. | B．It is successful. | C．It is difficult. |
| A．The ability to handle pressure. |
| B．The ability to get along with others. |
| C．The ability to cope with emergency incidents. |
| A．Doctors. | B．Building engineers. | C．Food experts. |
1. According to the speaker, what can people learn from shoes?
| A．They can learn how a person walked. |
| B．They can tell how the climate changed through history. |
| C．They can learn how technology developed through history. |
| A．On May 6th, 1959. | B．On May 6th, 1995. | C．On May 16th, 1995. |
| A．More than 4,500. | B．More than 12,500. | C．More than 125,000. |
| A．Shoe making materials. | B．20th - century machines. | C．Shoe - shaped things. |
1. Who is making the announcement?
| A．The student government. | B．The school newspaper. | C．The football team. |
| A．Four. | B．Three. | C．Two. |
| A．They organize trips. | B．They attend concerts. | C．They have dancing nights. |
| A．To have friends. | B．To make good grades. | C．To keep up with world news. |
10 . A British hospital director told me he was hunting for staff to replace the foreign doctors and nurses leaving because of Brexit(脱欧). He hadn’t found many qualified Britons queuing to replace them.
In an age when the “war for talent” is a global business trend, the UK is fighting a war against talent. But if I were a Brexiter, I’d say: Brexit Should be the prompt for Britain to finally start training enough of its own talent. If UK wants to avoid economic decline, it will need to train far more of its own nurses, construction workers, architects, etc. For a country whose policy has always been not to educate the working class, that would be a reversal of history.
Before Brexit, high-skilled immigrants staffed world-class British sectors such as the City of London and the creative economy. In healthcare, the UK developed a brilliant way: let a poor country like Romania fund a nurse’s education, then underpay her to look after sick Brits. Low-skilled immigrants eager to work all hours for little money gave the UK cafes and corner shops that seldom closed. Low-skilled Britons could have done these jobs, but mostly didn’t.
The coming wave of British talent is largely immigrant too: the kids who have made London’s state schools the UK’s best, plus the offspring of Russian, Chinese and other foreign elites(精英)who fill private schools. Many of these would love to stay and make the UK richer.
But Brexiters want to cut immigration. The obvious solution: equip working-class Brits to do jobs from nursing to banking. Jonathan Portes, economics professor at King’s College London said: “The problem of UK vocational education has been known for at least a century. We’ve always neglected it.” In fact, in August the UK removed the state bursary(助学金)for people training to be nurses, midwives and speech therapists. Students now have to fund courses themselves, then earn a low salary for a lifetime.
If Britain doesn’t upskill its workers fast, it will lose skilled jobs. It will continue to have the world’s best universities per capita only if it can find enough Britons to replace foreign academics who leave the UK. Much the same applies to finance or design. Meanwhile, low-skilled foreign fruit pickers have already melted away since the pound plunged. With few Britons queuing to replace them, much of this year’s produce rotted in the fields. So the likely post-Brexit outcome is a UK that cannot keep itself in the style to which it has become accustomed. The war against talent will probably leave Britain looking a bit more like today’s English seaside towns, or most of the country in the 1970s: culturally homogeneous(同种类的), relatively poor and under-serviced.
1. The UK is fighting a war against talent because______.| A．skilled immigrants leave the country after Brexit |
| B．it doesn’t have enough fund to train its own citizens |
| C．too many qualified Britons are queuing for creative jobs |
| D．it is trying a different approach to attracting talent |
| A．Hospitals employed many immigrant nurses. |
| B．Much attention was paid to the nurse training. |
| C．Many Brits were unwilling to do low-paid jobs |
| D．Immigrant elites could find creative and decent jobs |
| A．Most well-educated immigrants had no plan to stay in the UK |
| B．The government now gives nurses-to-be some financial support |
| C．A lot of fruits rotted in the fields for the lack of skilled fruit pickers. |
| D．The outflow of talent only existed in the field of education and healthcare |
| A．be as rich and powerful as it used to be |
| B．be as convenient as it was before Brexit |
| C．be different in style but the same in essence |
| D．go backward in economy and social service. |
