1 . My father, Paul Andrew Figura, was a die-hard fisherman. In my
Whenever we
The greatest life lesson that Dad taught me involved dealing with those times when the fish weren’t
I learned early the importance of
A.dream | B.career | C.childhood | D.adulthood |
A.got up | B.reached out | C.stepped back | D.set off |
A.camps | B.lines | C.tracks | D.cottages |
A.forgot | B.rejected | C.recalled | D.meant |
A.make | B.pack | C.heat | D.freeze |
A.cultural | B.random | C.major | D.external |
A.cast | B.step | C.strike | D.risk |
A.swimming | B.dancing | C.gathering | D.biting |
A.wander | B.play | C.quit | D.sleep |
A.response | B.intention | C.evaluation | D.situation |
A.abandon | B.monitor | C.fetch | D.wet |
A.kindness | B.insistence | C.confidence | D.business |
A.cooperate | B.progress | C.resist | D.integrate |
A.In surprise | B.As a result | C.Ahead of time | D.In particular |
A.intentionally | B.casually | C.hesitantly | D.temporarily |
2 . Evolution (进化) can perform extraordinary makeovers; today’s airborne songbirds evolved from the wingless, earthbound dinosaurs that wandered millions of years ago. But some organisms seem to be unchanged — in other words, escape natural selection. The coelacanth, a modern-day fish, is nearly identical to its410-million-year-old fossils.
Scientists have long wondered how these species do so. It has been assumed that natural selection keeps some species unchanged by selecting for moderate or average qualities (stabilizing selection) rather than selecting for more extreme qualities that would cause a species to change (directional selection).
But a study published in the National Academy of Sciences USA contradicts this idea, showing that evolution constantly favors different qualities in seemingly unchanging animals to improve short-term survival. In the long term, though, “all that evolution cancels out and leads to no change,” says the study’s lead author, James Stroud.
Stroud and his colleagues studied for lizard (蜥蜴) specios; all relatively unchanged for 20 million years. The researchers caught members of these populations every six months for three years. They measured each lizard’s head size, leg length, mass and height, as well as the size of its sticky toes (脚趾头), noting which individuals survived. Stroud expected to observe stabılızıng selection at work preserving moderate qualities. Instead he saw clearer evidence of directional selection: some lizards with unique characteristics, such as stickier toes, survived better.
“The study offers a good explanation for why we see what we think is stabiliring selection,” says Tadashi Fukami, an ecologist studying evolution at Stanford University. Many new qualities are evolving in the short term, but they don’t provide a crucial advantage over the long term. In other words, species staying unchanged may simply have found the best possible combination of qualities for lasting success in their environment. So what happens when the lizards’ environment changes more dramatically? To help answer this bigger question, Stroud is still making trips to visit the lizards.
1. Why does the author mention the “coelacanth fish” in paragraph 1?A.To demonstrate the power of evolution. | B.To add evidence to natural selection |
C.To give an example of unchanged species. | D.To prove species' extraordinary makeovers. |
A.Unsolved mysteries. | B.A common belief. |
C.A sharp contrast. | D.Unique Characteristics. |
A.By analyzing lizard fossils. | B.By tracking research objects. |
C.By illustrating stabilizing selection. | D.By categorizing qualities of lizards. |
A.Make trips to visit lizard experts. | B.Summarize average features of lizards. |
C.Reveal the best combinations of qualities. | D.Examine lizards under extreme conditions. |
3 . On January 7, David Bennett went into the operating room at the University of Maryland Medical Center for a surgical procedure never performed before on a human. The 57-year-old Maryland resident had been hospitalized for months due to a life threatening disease. His heart was failing him and he needed a new one.
Bennett’s condition left him unresponsive to treatment and ineligible (不合格) for the transplant (移植) list or an artificial heart pump. The physician-scientists at the center, however, had another-also risky- option: transplant a heart from a genetically-modified pig.
“It was either die or do this transplant,” Bennett had told surgeons a day before the operation. “I want to live. I know it’s a shot in the dark, but it’s also my last choice.”
It took the medical team eight hours to finish the operation, and their efforts have not been in vain. “It’s working and it looks normal. We are thrilled, but we don’t know what tomorrow will bring us. This has never been done before,” Barkley Griffith, who led the transplant team, told the New York Times.
While it’s only been five days since the operation, the surgeons say that Bennett’s new pig heart was, so far,functioning as expected and his body wasn’t rejecting (排斥) the organ. They are still monitoring his condition closely.
“I think it’s extremely exciting,” says Robert Montgomery. The result of the procedure was also personally meaningful for Montgomery, who received a heart transplant in 2018 due to a genetic disease that may also affect members of his family in the future. “It’s still in the early days, but still the heart seems to be functioning. And that in and of itself is an extraordinary thing. Up to now most experimental heart transplant procedures have been done between pigs and other animals. This is the first time that surgeons have taken it into a living human.”
1. What do the words “a shot in the dark” underlined in Paragraph 3 mean?A.Something that costs a fortune. |
B.Something impossible to succeed. |
C.Something drawing public attention. |
D.Something with an uncertain outcome. |
A.Bennett can’t afford an artificial heart pump. |
B.At first, Bennett would rather die than do this transplant. |
C.Bennett was the first human to successfully receive a pig’s heart. |
D.Montgomery was the first person who received a heart transplant in the world. |
A.The heated debate over the pig heart transplant. |
B.David Bennett’s contribution to medical research. |
C.The first experimental pig heart transplant in the world. |
D.The first successful pig heart transplant into a living human. |
A.illegal | B.unclear. | C.optimistic. | D.pessimistic |
4 . Bryan was driving home one evening. It was starting to get dark and cold. Ever since the factory closed, he’d been unemployed. Suddenly, he saw an old lady
All she had was a
A few miles down the road, the lady saw a small cafe and went in. She
That night when she got home from work, she was thinking about the lady. With the baby due next month, it was going to be hard. She knew how
A.confusedly | B.anxiously | C.frightenedly | D.crazily |
A.pulled up | B.broke down | C.dressed up | D.calmed down |
A.crowded | B.spacious | C.warm | D.cold |
A.flat | B.spare | C.new | D.swollen |
A.charged | B.admired | C.appreciated | D.owed |
A.price | B.money | C.cost | D.salary |
A.assistance | B.guidance | C.opportunity | D.reward |
A.discovered | B.recalled | C.hoped | D.noticed |
A.menu | B.lunch | C.change | D.tip |
A.Unwillingly | B.Unexpectedly | C.Unfortunately | D.Unlikely |
A.sorrows | B.joys | C.regrets | D.tears |
A.wrote | B.said | C.printed | D.showed |
A.continue | B.begin | C.end | D.develop |
A.terrified | B.relieved | C.excited | D.worried |
A.whispered | B.screamed | C.laughed | D.shouted |
5 . The story goes that some time ago, a man punished his 3-year-old daughter for wasting a roll of gold wrapping paper. Money was
The man was
The father was
In a very real sense, each one of us, as humans beings, has been given a gold container fled with
A.cheap | B.loose | C.tight | D.expensive |
A.eager | B.anxious | C.puzzled | D.angry |
A.Otherwise | B.Therefore | C.However | D.Besides |
A.excited | B.embarrassed | C.inspired | D.awkward |
A.empty | B.sweet | C.beautiful | D.different |
A.repeated | B.yelled | C.performed | D.chatted |
A.looked up | B.looked down | C.looked over | D.looked into |
A.warmth | B.pride | C.tears | D.relaxation |
A.dream | B.kisses | C.hope | D.love |
A.proud | B.happy | C.shocked | D.interested |
A.forgiveness | B.praise | C.attention | D.comfort |
A.went away | B.rode away | C.moved away | D.carried away |
A.false | B.true | C.recovery | D.imaginary |
A.helpful | B.unconditional | C.accessible | D.expected |
A.precious | B.romantic | C.tough | D.evident |
6 . Since the age of three, Chelsie Hill had dreamed of becoming a dancer. That ambition
After graduation, Hill wanted to expand her dance network to
Hill is a real
A.finally | B.nearly | C.gradually | D.merely |
A.church | B.theatre | C.school | D.hospital |
A.beginning | B.peak | C.warning | D.lesson |
A.strong | B.healthy | C.normal | D.talented |
A.mind | B.wheelchair | C.bed | D.studio |
A.grace | B.luck | C.patience | D.passion |
A.include | B.save | C.honor | D.protect |
A.lost | B.shared | C.needed | D.hid |
A.get through | B.pass on | C.break down | D.stick to |
A.crawling | B.running | C.dancing | D.rolling |
A.having fun | B.seeking help | C.making an effort | D.taking a risk |
A.chief | B.coach | C.dancer | D.director |
A.record | B.standard | C.victory | D.dream |
A.understood | B.belonged | C.succeeded | D.grew |
A.empowering | B.interesting | C.disappointing | D.embarrassing |
7 . In 2021, scientists studying animal communication discovered that some dogs connect objects with words similarly to babies. Then what about cats, which are commonly believed to be unconcerned about human affairs?
Saho Takagi, a researcher at Azabu University, doubted cats’ seeming unconcern. “Cats don’t appear to listen to people’s conversations, but in fact, they do,” said Takagi. According to previous research, cats understand human communication better than expected. Like dogs, they can use human pointing and stares to find food. They even can tell the difference between human facial expressions and states of attention, according to a 2016 study. However, cats can do more than that.
Another study showed that cats can discriminate their own names from the names of their cat companions (those that live in the same house). The researchers believed that cats learned to connect names with other cats by observing communication between their owners and their cat friends.
In a recently published study, Takagi and her colleagues compared two groups of cats: cats living with at least two other cats and cats living in “cat cafés” with up to 30 cats. Using a simple two-phase (阶段) test, they assessed the cats’ responses to hearing their names and seeing their faces on a monitor. Sometimes, the cat that appeared on the screen matched the name spoken; other times, the name and the image did not match. If cats knew the names of their cat friends, they would investigate by staring doubtfully at the monitor when the name and image did not match. House cats had a significantly longer stare than café cats, indicating that house cats generally expected a specific cat’s face upon hearing the cat’s name.
“This is the first evidence showing that house cats link human words and their social companions through daily experiences,” the researchers wrote. “However, we could not recognize the mechanism (机制) for learning. But with more and more scientists becoming interested in cats, who are much smarter than we assume, this question is sure to be solved.”
1. What’s people’s common understanding of cats?A.They have their own language. | B.They can connect objects with words. |
C.They show no interest in human things. | D.They can use human instructions to find food. |
A.cats and dogs are all clever animals |
B.cats’ ability to learn is stronger than dogs’ |
C.cats and dogs can get along well with humans |
D.cats’ ability goes beyond recognizing body language |
A.Choose. | B.Protect. | C.Tell. | D.Learn. |
A.How cats can recognize other cats’ face. |
B.Whether cats are much smarter than expected. |
C.Whether cats can understand human communication. |
D.How cats link human words and their social companions. |
8 . I remember that it was a fall morning when the orchestra (管弦乐队) teachers came into Miss Newell’s third-grade classroom. “You have hands for the viola (中提琴),” Miss Ciano told me. I was excited because my hands were finally good for something. I told my parents I wanted to play, and naturally, they agreed.
Since I first touched the viola, I haven’t been able to put it down. Ignoring the difficulty, I am pulled closer to it each day.
Classical music is truly my best friend. It is the trusted friend of every man, woman and child. Various feelings are expressed in classical music. I discovered that when I was eleven and played a cello concerto (大提琴协奏曲) of Bach in a competition, the first movement was joyful, but the second movement was mysterious and full of pain. From the piece, I learned that music expresses not only feelings, but also sudden mood changes. By listening to classical music, I know that someone else shares these feelings. Since I am lucky enough to be able to play classical music, I am comforted by it when I am upset. It gives me a way to escape from my problems for a short period. Classical music can express my joy, sadness and anger.
Now look back at that fall day in the third grade and think how gullible I was for believing that anyone, even music teachers, could tell whether hands were perfect for a certain instrument. I’m certain they told me I had “viola hands” not because they were fortune-tellers, but because there was a lack of violists in our district. Classical music is one of the best things that ever happened to mankind. If you get introduced to it in the right way, it will become your friend for life.
1. What’s the main cause of the author’s interest in playing the viola?A.Interesting musical classes. | B.Beautiful viola sound. |
C.Teachers’ proper guidance. | D.Parents’ strong support. |
A.By developing social skills. | B.By giving emotional comfort. |
C.By broadening life experience. | D.By building close relationship. |
A.Easily tricked. | B.Firmly loved. | C.Greatly challenged. | D.Secretly hidden. |
A.Special Event, Sweet Memory. | B.Classical Music, Endless Friendship. |
C.Lifetime Dream, Great effort. | D.Happy Childhood, Unforgotten Experience. |
9 . England Tours
Rick Steves England tours provide the best value for your trip to Europe. Browse Rick’s best England tours and vacation packages.
Family Europe: London to Florence in 13 Days Tour
$4,485 per person
Family Europe: London to Florence in 13 Days delivers a colorful mix of must-see cities. Along the way, you will encounter some fascinating bits of art, history, and culture — as well as a couple of castles, a boat, plenty of hiking, and even a swimming pool or two. Our stress-free Europe vacation package provides great guides, central hotels, all sightseeing — and memories to last a lifetime. And on this tour, kids aged 8—19 get a $200 discount!
Best of London in 7 Days Tour
$4,495 per person
London has just what you need for a quick escape: direct flights, the best live theater scene on the planet, and an inviting pub on every corner. During your week-long stay in London, your Rick Steves guide will lead to the Tower, Westminster Abbey, St. Paul’s, and even take you on a train trip to Windsor Castle.
Best of England in 14 Days Tour
$4,395 per person
Our two-week tour of England offers a delightful mix of big-city thrills and village charm. Your Rick Steves guide will welcome you in the elegant Georgian town of Bath. From there you’ll be guided to King Arthur’s Glastonbury, flower-boxed Cotswold villages, and Caernarfon Castle. You’ll also be treated to the spectacular scenery of the Lake District.
Best of South England in 10 Days Tour
$4,595 per person
Starting in Canterbury and ending in Bath, our Best of South England tour brings you to the very roots of British history and culture. Your Rick Steves guide will introduce you to locals who have talents to share and stories to tell. You’ll also learn about and taste the delicious seafood and traditional Cornish pasties.
1. Which tour is probably the cheapest for a teenager?A.Family Europe: London to Florence. | B.Best of London. |
C.Best of England. | D.Best of South England. |
A.Sea bathing. | B.Local school visits. |
C.Local stories. | D.North Ireland’s history. |
A.Direct flight. | B.Guided tour. |
C.Village walk. | D.Delicious seafood. |
10 . Whether you are looking for an exciting way to spend weekend nights or a new hobby that would help your teen live healthily, LKA Teen Nights are a perfect solution.
Our Montessori-inspired environment empowers students to focus on what interests them most be it exploring cooking art, learning new skills, or making meaningful connections. In Teen Nights, students are motivated to promote their knowledge about nutrition, eating locally and organically, and the impact of their food choices on their minds, bodies, and the environment.
Curriculum(课程)During the sessions, our professional instructors cover diverse topics about food and nutrition that are essential for teenagers to sustain a healthy lifestyle. The curriculum mainly includes developing a moderate portion and preparing meals for various categories such as athletes, picky eaters, and people with eating disorder.
·We challenge our teens by making creative recipes with limited tools, or missing ingredients.
·Our recipes will involve trying a popular dish from a local restaurant and improving it.
·We will ask our teens to look up the price for the ingredients we are using to calculate the cost of our meals.
At the end of every session, we gather around the community table made from recycled chopsticks, where we enjoy the delicious meal teens worked so hard to create.
Targeted GroupsTeen Nights are suitable for all learning styles from traditional schooling to alternative education for exceptional learners.
Opening TimeOur LKA Teen Nights run every Friday & Saturday night from 7:30 pm to 10 pm.
View information on the location-specific page for details on the enrollment.
1. Who is the text intended for?A.Teenagers. | B.Parents. | C.Chefs. | D.Instructors. |
A.Improving athletic skills. | B.Raising healthy eating awareness. |
C.Solving environmental problems. | D.Strengthening family connections. |
A.It encourages creative cooking. | B.It promotes community service. |
C.It focuses on home-made dishes. | D.It recommends recycled materials. |