1 . In the 12th century, physician Ibn Zuhr conducted some animal research to assess the surgical procedures that could be applied to humans. Since then, animal testing has been considered the most efficient way to develop new drugs. New medical treatments and drugs are tested on animals first to determine their effectiveness or safety levels before they are finally tested on humans. However, it remains controversial whether it is morally right or wrong to use animals for experiments.
The use of animals for medical purposes is seen to be necessary by many scientists. Researchers usually begin their trials using rats. If the tests are successful, further tests are done on monkeys before using human beings. For testing, such tiered(分层的) rounds are important because they reduce the level of error and negative side effects. Some argue that animal testing has contributed to many life-saving cures and treatments and there is no adequate alternative to testing on a living, whole-body system. Moreover, there are regulations for animal testing that limit the misuse of animals during research. They serve as evidence that animals are well taken care of and treated well instead of being intentionally harmed.
However, some other experts and animal welfare groups have opposed such practice, considering it as inhumane(不人道的) and claiming it should be banned. According to Humane Society International, animals used in experiments are commonly subjected to force-feeding, radiation exposure, operations to deliberately cause damage and frightening situations to create depression and anxiety. They also hold the view that animals are very different from human beings and therefore are poor test subjects. Drugs that pass animal tests are not necessarily safe. Animal tests on the arthritis (关节炎) drug Vioxx showed it would have a protective effect on the hearts of mice, yet the drug went on to cause about 27,000 heart attacks before being pulled back from the market.
It’s safe to say that using animals for tests will continue to be debated in many years to come. Despite the benefits of animal testing, some of the concerns need to be addressed with adequate regulations to ensure that animals are treated humanely.
1. Why is animal testing considered necessary?| A．Rats are more similar to humans than monkeys. |
| B．Other testing alternatives may not replace animals. |
| C．Animal testing can show every side effect of drugs. |
| D．Animal testing has been in practice since the 12th century. |
| A．Eating poisonous food. | B．Being killed deliberately. |
| C．Breathing in polluted air. | D．Having unnecessary operations. |
| A．animal testing helps find the cure for arthritis |
| B．some drugs need to be withdrawn from the market |
| C．animals cannot necessarily produce accurate results |
| D．a drug should be tested many more times before its release |
| A．Scientists should reduce the number of animals used in research. |
| B．Experts should try hard to determine whether animal tests are harmful. |
| C．Relevant organizations should show more concern about the animals’ welfare. |
| D．The authorities should issue new laws to guarantee animals’ rights during research. |
2 . Over the last two decades, humankind has created a vast mobile network enabling people to share information at unprecedented(前所未有的)rates, discovered water on Mars, engineered cars that run on hydrogen(氢), etc. So many achievements have there been, in fact, that most go unnoticed by the general population. It is only when a family member needs a heart transplant that you come to learn about the possibility of someone building a heart for them.
In September, British mathematician Sir Michael Atiyah claimed to have solved the Riemann Hypothesis, a complex mathematical equation(数学方程式)that has puzzled some of the world’s brightest minds for 160 years. ”What is the Riemann Hypothesis and why should I care?“ you ask. Frankly speaking, I don’t understand it, and I don’t think I ever will. But I am sure that its applications for advancement in science and technology will be significant. The fact of the matter is that individuals or teams can spend years or even decades working on maths problems that they may never solve. They do so not only because of the rewards that might be available, but also because it is a worthy goal. Most of the world will not understand what these individuals do, but our lives would be very different if nobody ever sought to challenge themselves and take on crazy projects.
I admire a man named Jiro Ono, owner and chef of arguably the most famous sushi restaurant in Japan. Jiro became a qualified sushi chef in 1951, nearly 70 years ago. Today, at the age of 92, he is still looking for ways to improve upon his craft. Many would think that after doing something for that long, they have nothing else to learn, but Jiro puts that notion to shame. Every day, he stands behind the counter and experiments with food in his pursuit of perfection.
In life, just about every corner you turn, you can find areas to improve upon. Medical researchers look for ways to cure cancer; basketball players practice hard to become the next Michael Jordan; scientists experiment with alternative fuels to help the environment. Most of us have not been tasked with progressing in a certain way yet, but what all of us should be doing is seeking to improve ourselves for the good of ourselves or for the good of others.
1. Why did the author mention Sir Michael Atiyah in Paragraph 2?| A．To emphasize that his contribution is unprecedented. |
| B．To argue that proving maths problem is profitable. |
| C．To identify the essential ingredients that lead to his success. |
| D．To prove that we need pioneers like him in today’s world. |
| A．An artificial heart isn’t available for one with heart disease. |
| B．Jiro Ono considers seeking improvement as a shame. |
| C．Everyone should try to impose themselves merely for his own sake. |
| D．Michael Atiyah is similar to Jiro Ono in terms of their pursuit. |
| A．Proving Riemann Hypothesis | B．The Never-ending Journey |
| C．Challenging Ourselves | D．Achieving Success |
3 . Creativity at Work
“People will soon get tired of staring at a plywood box every night.”— Daryl F. Zanuck, head of 20th Century Fox, commenting on television in 1946.
The need for creativity is changing how the workplace is organized and what people do. These changes centre on the use and
Yet how workers interpret that information is as important as the information itself. Interpretation is, in fact, a
There are many ways in which the creative spirit can find expression in the workplace: innovations in management,
Since creative problem-solving requires the psychological
| A．origin | B．interpretation | C．analysis | D．point |
| A．acquires | B．requires | C．draws | D．arouses |
| A．going on | B．focusing on | C．bringing about | D．forming into |
| A．appreciative | B．positive | C．creative | D．constructive |
| A．supported | B．loved | C．betrayed | D．trusted |
| A．depend on | B．pick up | C．respond to | D．set up |
| A．identifications | B．assessments | C．improvements | D．cooperations |
| A．weaken | B．strengthen | C．create | D．satisfy |
| A．initiative | B．creativity | C．attention | D．effectiveness |
| A．improve | B．limit | C．discourage | D．deny |
| A．share | B．collect | C．spread | D．discuss |
| A．helps | B．teaches | C．pushes | D．devotes |
| A．eliminate | B．earn | C．return | D．reduce |
| A．satisfaction | B．commitment | C．stress | D．contribution |
| A．monitoring | B．consuming | C．changing | D．pioneering |
4 . Vigilance: The Next Strategic Weapon for Entrepreneurs
Can your organization see around corners? It’s a crucial capability in today’s world. Kodak and digital cameras, Nokia and the smartphone: the pages of business history are crowded with examples of companies that missed the boat. And you can expect more chapters to be written, considering the unprecedented levels of change and
We
Whether it’s a missed opportunity or threat, from either inside or outside the organization, the root cause is usually
In my new book See Sooner, Act Faster, coauthored with Wharton professor George Day, we
Assemble a diverse team of independent thinkers from both inside and outside the company. Invite everyone to
Many companies interrogate the present by monitoring blogs, social media sites and chat rooms for signs of brewing trouble with customers, but they may not really see ahead. Truly vigilant organizations,
Looking around corners for new threats and opportunities allow leaders to peer farther ahead than rivals.
1.| A．uncertainty | B．curiosity | C．regrets | D．accidents |
| A．critical | B．managerial | C．inseparable | D．challenging |
| A．resolved | B．researched | C．clarified | D．raised |
| A．offered | B．welcomed | C．spotted | D．created |
| A．deposited | B．worsened | C．struggled | D．improved |
| A．threat | B．overuse | C．absence | D．sufficiency |
| A．priorities | B．strategies | C．quality | D．necessity |
| A．observed | B．received | C．ignored | D．detected |
| A．identified | B．practised | C．displayed | D．assessed |
| A．Current | B．Traditional | C．Standard | D．Basic |
| A．stability | B．diversity | C．capacity | D．individuality |
| A．potentially | B．independently | C．systematically | D．strategically |
| A．cultivate | B．implement | C．evaluate | D．revise |
| A．voice | B．control | C．satisfy | D．track |
| A．in contrast | B．in addition | C．in short | D．in other words |
5 . Sometimes life doesn’t seem to play fair. It blindsides you at the untimeliest moments, and even if we can learn to grin and bear the ups and downs, they can take their toll on our psyche. So rather than suffer in silence or let these things get you down, maybe there is another way: what if humour can help you get through the dark times?
According to author and clinician Kristen Lee: “Laughter and tears are both therapeutic—we need both to process such hard times.” But how can we find the tough things that happen funny? Our lives are really serious, often filled with mundane and repetitive activities, whether it’s arbitrary bill paying or fighting for a seat on your commute, we need to make time for fun and play—enjoy the little things. Why not make funny noises to remind you to stop taking things seriously, or learn some silly jokes, just to tell when times get hard? They could make you or other people around you laugh!
When a hurdle pops up in life, it’s easy to get bogged down—but the way we recount events can impact on our resilience. Rather than see the negatives, look for the ironic moments and tell people about them! Why not write parodies(诙谐的改编)in your spare time about events that take place to help you compartmentalise? Script what happened as if it was happening to a character rather than yourself.
We all know that some things in life aren’t fair. But take those events and send them up a bit in your scripts! Sometimes life needs a bit of a roasting to get your thoughts in order, and embracing your comedic side, seeing life’s difficult moments as obstacles that can be made fun of rather than overwhelm you, may help you get through them more easily. And who knows, you may just discover a talent for writing at the end of it.
1. According to the passage, what can some events in life do to our psyche?| A．They seem fair to all of us. | B．They can get us down. |
| C．They always make us grin. | D．They get us out of dark times. |
| A．Laughter. | B．Tears. | C．Both A and B. | D．None of them. |
| A．Little and ordinary things. | B．Repetitive, serious but unusual activities. |
| C．Bill paying. | D．Fighting for a seat on the way to work. |
| A．We can make funny noises while others are talking about things seriously. |
| B．We can focus on the negatives of hurdles in life and make ironic comments on the people around us. |
| C．We can embrace our companions and let the difficult moments overwhelm us. |
| D．We can make fun of the dark moments and maintain a positive attitude towards them. |
6 . The world is experiencing a major health crisis. As the new coronavirus spreads, many countries are limiting their citizens’ activities. Travel has been
Public emergencies
So, if you have never made bread, now may be a good time to learn. Bread making is a
Baking is not just a useful survival skill. It can make you feel better at
Julie Ohana is a(n)
Baking requires mindfulness. “So when you’re in the kitchen —whether you’re cooking or you’re baking—it really requires a certain level of mindfulness, of being
Baking is a labour of love. Ohana also says baking is a process filled with love. It not only makes you feel good, it produces something tangible—something you can touch and eat!
Baking is emotional. Often our food experiences are
Ohana says something that all bakers know—giving delicious, baked goods makes the giver feel as good as the receiver. So, she calls baking a win-win.
1.| A．promoted | B．restricted | C．abandoned | D．recognized |
| A．bring out | B．bring up | C．bring down | D．bring about |
| A．Besides | B．However | C．Otherwise | D．Therefore |
| A．management | B．survival | C．medical | D．communicative |
| A．buy | B．sacrifice | C．bake | D．consume |
| A．stressful | B．crucial | C．optimistic | D．miserable |
| A．In addition | B．As a result | C．By contrast | D．In fact |
| A．office | B．social | C．rescue | D．research |
| A．anxious | B．depressed | C．good | D．committed |
| A．works | B．adopts | C．lacks | D．affects |
| A．absent | B．present | C．greedy | D．recognized |
| A．recipe | B．rule | C．theory | D．composition |
| A．put on | B．put up | C．put aside | D．put off |
| A．reduce | B．decrease | C．release | D．increase |
| A．connected | B．associated | C．tied | D．drawn |
7 . Common phrases like “no pains, no gains” give the impression that we ought to be suffering while we study. It’s almost as though the only way to know if we’re putting in enough work is the sense of hardship we bear.
When we haven’t taken the time to come up with another strategy, all we know how to do is shut ourselves in a room with a book. It’s no surprise that we find revision boring and difficult. Just as children learn from playing, we can learn from doing, or at least from study techniques that engage us, rather than make us switch off.
Shutting yourself away can make you learn to hate studying. This leads to a situation where instead of being able to concentrate on your work, you obsess about (唠叨)how unfair it is that you must study. When you feel bitter about your work it’s very difficult to make yourself start, or approach it with enthusiasm. This can be part of a vicious cycle (恶性循环) that traps you into ineffective revision, your poor progress fuelling further bitterness. Just being around other people really helps fight against feelings of loneliness and, thankfully, it’s perfectly possible to work in the company of other people. We just need to learn how to deal with distractions.
It’s not necessary to avoid all company, just idle (懒散的) company. Studying in the same room with someone who is ironing or working out is perfectly possible. People who are bored and looking to be distracted, however, are terrible to work around. They constantly try to keep others in conversation. It’s also a good idea to avoid the company of people engaged in activities that you would rather be doing than studying. Working while sitting next to someone playing video games is much more likely to end with a new high score than a productive few hours of revision. If being around others means working in a noisy environment, a pair of headphones and some background music can block out noises. They also act as a psychological barrier, so that people think twice before interrupting you.
When you’re studying for a big exam, it seems like your whole life is taken up with study. Being in the same room with friends and family can lessen feelings of isolation (孤立). Also connecting with other people makes us happy, so it’s important not to give that up and to make sure that we take the time to socialize.
1. What is the author’s attitude to the saying “no pains, no gains”?| A．Serious. | B．Positive | C．Negative | D．Uncaring. |
| A．Give indication of not wanting to be interrupted. |
| B．Give up others’ company at once. |
| C．Think twice before taking any action. |
| D．Force yourself to be accustomed to the environment. |
| A．Ways to deal with distractions. |
| B．How to choose a perfect place to study. |
| C．Learning problems students are faced with. |
| D．How to focus mind on study. |
| A．To encourage students to work hard. |
| B．To introduce effective learning strategies |
| C．To remind students to balance study and play. |
| D．To advise students study in the company of others. |
8 . A good way to look at failure directly is by writing a failure resume (简历) or CV. Like social media, there, we usually only see our friends’ “highlight part”. When we look at others’ resumes, we get scared and think our resume doesn’t measure up. But even the most accomplished people have plenty of failure behind them — we just don’t see it.
Melanie Stefan felt this deeply as a scientist, so she wrote a different CV which of course boasted (夸耀) about her good grades, PhD, and published papers. But the way she deals with her failure CV is a model of what we all could do. “My CV does not reflect my great academic efforts — it does not mention the exams I failed, my unsuccessful PhD or scholarship applications, or the papers never accepted for publication. During the interviews, I talked about the one project that worked, not about the many that failed,” wrote Stefan in a column for Nature.
Stefan suggests keeping a draft on which you regularly log every unsuccessful application, refused proposal and rejected paper.
And that’s the point: not to consider what we got wrong, but to use that information to look at failure and realize it’s really okay, and also to use our failures for another purpose: as learning tools.
The point is to be real — with ourselves and about how the world works. Being real means taking an honest, critical, but also kind look at what we didn’t get right, and then doing our best to change what we can. Instead of focusing on how that failure makes you feel, take the time to step back and analyze the practical reasons that you failed.
So, practice being okay with failure, and turn your failures into lessons learned. And yes, sometimes we have to learn those lessons more than once, letting go of what you can’t change. And keep moving forward to success.
1. What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to?| A．Plenty of failure. | B．A failure resume. | C．A highlight part. | D．A good way |
| A．All her failures in her career. | B．Benefits she got from her failures. |
| C．The content of her own resume. | D．The difference between her resume and others’. |
| A．Regard failures as part of our life. | B．Keep a record of our failures. |
| C．Value our achievements. | D．Long for failures. |
| A．No pains, no gains. | B．All roads lead to Rome. |
| C．Where there is a will, there is a way. | D．Failure is the mother of success. |
9 . In the city of Lyon, hundreds of the world’s finest chefs gathered on 26 January for the funeral of Paul Bocuse, the man credited with the creation of innovative cuisine (菜肴). Meanwhile, in branches of the Intermarche supermarket across France, shoppers were
Thus, a dirty secret is uncovered: France has fallen in love with cheap, fast food. It’s tempting to think that perhaps France should
McDonald’s, the leader of all things unpalatable (令人讨厌的) yet delicious, opened its first branch in France in 1972, but it operated so badly that the company
Nutella has had a(n)
If there is a(n)
| A．fighting | B．threatening | C．hesitating | D．claiming |
| A．hide | B．break | C．consume | D．select |
| A．preparation | B．search | C．rush | D．desire |
| A．impress | B．bury | C．present | D．retain |
| A．benefited | B．recovered | C．suffered | D．withdrew |
| A．native | B．sensible | C．realistic | D．influential |
| A．roughly | B．urgently | C．accidentally | D．correctly |
| A．for instance | B．in addition | C．after all | D．by contrast |
| A．productive | B．modest | C．specific | D．aggressive |
| A．disappointed | B．overtook | C．inspected | D．refreshed |
| A．lengthy | B．free | C．bumpy | D．easy |
| A．result | B．image | C．hit | D．relief |
| A．affection | B．originality | C．observation | D．ignorance |
| A．reduction | B．unchangeability | C．disadvantage | D．overproduction |
| A．released | B．imported | C．distinguished | D．removed |
10 . It’s not our fault.
It’s not our fault that we failed to earn straight A’s, make perfect College Board scores, and get into our first choice of college. It’s not our fault that we failed to earn millions of dollars in our twenties and billions by thirty-thus getting ourselves on the cover of Forbes.
It’s not our fault that our start didn’t glow white hot. However, early 21st century society has made us feel shame exactly for that, for not exploding out of the starting blocks like an Olympic sprinter-for not blooming early. Parents, schools, employers, and the media are now crazily over celebrating early achievement as the best kind of achievement or even the only kind.
It wasn’t always so. Joanne, 55, is late bloomer. Her teenage years were unstable and unhappy. In school, Joanne earned above-average grades but hardly good enough to earn high honors and distinction. A teacher recalls Joanne as bright but not extraordinary. A quiet girl, Joanne passed through high school with few remembering her. She was rejected by her dream college but went to a fallback college instead. After graduation, Joanna worked as a secretary. Bored, she married a man she met on an outing and they had a baby girl. The marriage didn’t survive two years.
At the age of 30, Joanne saw herself at a dead end, with no job and a dependent child. She was diagnosed with depression, which prevented her from working much and earning. Strangely enough, it is this situation that took her closer to her gift. She started to write. Writing was her unique talent. In the months she depended on welfare to feed her baby, she made her name Joanne Kathleen(J.K.) Rowling known around the world with her popular Harry Potter series. And now she is a self-made billionaire who regularly appears on the Forbes.
The fact is that many of us are late bloomers of some kind. At some point, we got stuck though. Be patient, late bloomers will find their way eventually.
1. What does the underlined “that” refer to?| A．Succeeding later. | B．Exploding suddenly. | C．Blooming earlier. | D．Growing wildly. |
| A．creative | B．ordinary | C．dependent | D．bored |
a. She was diagnosed with depression.
b. Her name appeared on the Forbes.
c. She worked as a secretary.
d. She started to write.
e. She got divorced.
| A．cbdea | B．ceadb | C．eacdb | D．ebdac |
| A．A good start actually means half done. |
| B．Slow learners will achieve success if pushed. |
| C．Children develop and adapt at different paces. |
| D．Writing is effective in inspiring depressing hearts. |
