1 . Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They bring with them lots of waste. The
Hearing these stories, I’m
However, I soon discovered that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of
The best of a Kilimanjaro
Does Kilimanjaro deserve its
A.crowds | B.stories | C.reporters | D.settlements |
A.age | B.face | C.name | D.position |
A.crazy | B.doubtful | C.serious | D.pessimistic |
A.grass | B.stones | C.camps | D.equipment |
A.new | B.special | C.necessary | D.significant |
A.paying off | B.blowing up | C.fading away | D.spreading out |
A.experiment | B.experience | C.atmosphere | D.intervention |
A.view | B.reason | C.quality | D.purpose |
A.holding on to | B.going back to | C.living up to | D.giving way to |
A.changes | B.permits | C.improves | D.dominates |
A.add | B.match | C.count | D.imagine |
A.lake | B.road | C.desert | D.village |
A.Directly | B.Finally | C.Obviously | D.Frequently |
A.fresh | B.little | C.artificial | D.permanent |
A.reward | B.ecology | C.history | D.reputation |
2 . My phone was an extension of myself. I couldn’t go anywhere
When I was watching TV shows or movies and there was a boring part, I
I have welcomed silence into my life with open arms and am enjoying the increased
As much as having a smartphone was
A.through | B.without | C.despite | D.upon |
A.updates | B.instructions | C.assessments | D.decisions |
A.symbol | B.responsibility | C.reality | D.addiction |
A.conscious | B.shameful | C.foolish | D.random |
A.sell | B.pull | C.throw | D.mind |
A.avoided | B.denied | C.missed | D.allowed |
A.assist | B.improve | C.associate | D.occupy |
A.requests | B.thoughts | C.directions | D.comments |
A.instead of | B.regardless of | C.but for | D.apart from |
A.creativity | B.productivity | C.knowledge | D.independence |
A.routine | B.necessity | C.loneliness | D.temptation |
A.genuine | B.grateful | C.direct | D.desperate |
A.naturally | B.certainly | C.seemingly | D.gradually |
A.wonder | B.imagination | C.interest | D.authenticity |
A.depressive | B.comfortable | C.stressful | D.boring |
3 . The days that make us happy make us wise.
--- John Masefield
When I first read this line by England's Poet Laureate, it
Slowly, I seemed to
Active happiness---not mere satisfaction or
Nor are the
Consequently, the long vision is there for the seeing. The ground at your feet, the world about you---people, thoughts, emotions, pressures---are now
A.terrified | B.satisfied | C.surprised | D.upset |
A.other | B.opposite | C.view | D.contrast |
A.arresting | B.amazing | C.interesting | D.disturbing |
A.handle | B.observe | C.appreciate | D.seize |
A.iced | B.clouded | C.rained | D.snowed |
A.roads | B.paths | C.spots | D.places |
A.fulfillment | B.sorrow | C.disappointment | D.entertainment |
A.embraced | B.interrupted | C.responded | D.accompanied |
A.brightness | B.stupidity | C.shortcomings | D.memories |
A.physical | B.sharp | C.spiritual | D.solid |
A.insights | B.impressions | C.attentions | D.expectations |
A.extended | B.collapsed | C.witnessed | D.withdrew |
A.got out | B.stayed on | C.kept off | D.fitted into |
A.proportion | B.position | C.explanations | D.duty |
A.happiness | B.wisdom | C.ability | D.life |
4 . At a conference last week, I received an interesting piece of advice: “Assume we are wrong.” When Nosek recommended that I and other scientists assume that we were wrong, he was sharing a strategy that he’s employed in his own lab—a strategy for changing the way we respond to criticism.
Assuming that we are wrong is not so foreign to science. Many of our past scientific theories have been wrong, so surely many of our current theories will turn out to be wrong, too. That doesn’t mean we haven’t made progress, but it does suggest that there is always room for improvement.
One worry about this approach is that it could discourage scientists, because trying to be less wrong might be a less effective encouragement than the promise of being right. Another concern is that a strategy that works well with scientists might not work when it comes to communicating science with the public.
Despite these worries, I still like Nosek’s suggestion because it builds in humility (谦卑) (“There are things I do not know!”) along with a sense that we can do better (“There are things I do not know yet!”). It also builds in a sense of community—we’re all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right. Perhaps the focus on a shared goal—our goal as scientists and humans of being less wrong—can help make up for the harms in scientific motivation or communication.
I also like Nosek’s advice because it isn’t limited to science. Trying to be less wrong—rather than more right—could be a beneficial way to communicate our aims across a variety of contexts, whether it’s a daily argument or a business decision. I may be wrong about who did the dishes last night, or about what is the best investment; if I begin from the assumption that I can be wrong and I’m trying to be less wrong, any challenge may not appear so threatening.
1. What did Nosek most likely want to tell the participants at the conference?A.Facing criticism is a very important part of life. |
B.Taking a step back is a good way to face criticism. |
C.Confidence is necessary for daily communication. |
D.Assuming that we are wrong is foreign to scientists. |
A.The popularity of Nosek’s idea. | B.The concerns about Nosek’s strategy. |
C.Our natural response to criticism. | D.The problems with scientific theories. |
A.Approving. | B.Conservative. | C.Doubtful | D.Uninterested. |
A.A diary entry. | B.A biography. | C.A news report. | D.A lab’s instruction. |
5 . My photographs are the items I would definitely take or guard in case of an emergency. But what else? This was the question I asked myself as a
Unlike some friends and
Because when you hear the roar of the winds, or when something
As
Months and years after the hurricane, I often told people that there are two parts to
But we will do it,
A.flood | B.drought | C.wildfire | D.hurricane |
A.hosts | B.partners | C.relatives | D.architects |
A.applying | B.packing | C.exchanging | D.delivering |
A.sign | B.gap | C.clue | D.summary |
A.kit | B.gym | C.space | D.greenhouse |
A.rests | B.erupts | C.carves | D.cracks |
A.cheap | B.expensive | C.graceful | D.economic |
A.destruction | B.appreciation | C.challenge | D.determination |
A.as usual | B.as follows | C.as scheduled | D.as promised |
A.annoyed | B.amazed | C.confused | D.frightened |
A.escaped | B.protested | C.identified | D.processed |
A.causing | B.preventing | C.surviving | D.suffering |
A.cutting out | B.putting back | C.giving up | D.working out |
A.devotedly | B.creatively | C.individually | D.dependently |
A.in favor of | B.in times of | C.in need of | D.in search of |
6 . “The pursuit of perfection is the tenet (信条) of my. life.” Magee rushed home crying after seeing that she’d received an A-minus on her grade report. Growing up she had learned that the way to receive confirmation and love from family members and teachers was to be a high achiever. So to Magee, that A-minus felt like a failure. “I was shattered,” she said. “In that moment, I felt like my self-worth as a human had fallen far below what it would have been if I’d gotten an A or an A-plus.”
Magee’s turning a good grade into a cause of her inferiority (自卑) is a textbook example in recent years. Perfectionism is a universal cultural phenomenon. High levels of perfectionism were linked with depression, anxiety, and deliberate self-harm. The constant stress of competitiveness and comparison can also leave people stressed and suffering from headaches and insomnia.
If a person is only rewarded for high achievement, over time they learn that their value as a person depends on being perfect. Instagram, Facebook and other social media platforms also fuel unhealthy comparisons. “It’s a real problem — those social media images end up serving as yardsticks that people can compare themselves to and a perfectionist is always trying to keep up with the Joneses,” Sherry, a clinical psychologist, said. And it’s never been harder to keep up with the Joneses, because today we are constantly bombed with seemingly perfect images of other peoples’ lives.
Eventually Magee learned that she had to let go a little and allow herself to show up with all her imperfections. She eventually learned to trust that she could show up, not being perfect, and still feel valued. “I can be imperfect and everything can be fine!”
1. Which of the following best explains “shattered” underlined in paragraph 1?A.Delighted. | B.Frightened. | C.Frustrated. | D.Amused. |
A.The unhealthy comparisons. | B.The A-plus confirmation. |
C.The perfectionism phenomenon. | D.The sense of competitiveness. |
A.It’s cool to be perfect. | B.It’s fine to be imperfect. |
C.It’s important to get an A-plus. | D.It’s easy to keep up with the Joneses. |
A.Perfectionism is killing our health. |
B.Perfectionism is a growing cultural phenomenon. |
C.Accepting one’s imperfection is becoming a trend. |
D.Imperfection is temporary and perfection is forever. |
7 . Sometimes a part of us must die before another part can come to life. Even though this is a
Sometimes we build these identities in relationships or jobs, and when we change, those areas of our life become
We may feel a strange
A.dusty | B.natural | C.humorous | D.rare |
A.moving | B.disappointing | C.tiring | D.confusing |
A.report | B.notice | C.indication | D.idea |
A.brotherhood | B.neighborhood | C.childhood | D.adulthood |
A.animal | B.people | C.child | D.stage |
A.goodbye | B.hello | C.thanks | D.sorry |
A.left | B.showed | C.shaped | D.realized |
A.remained | B.influenced | C.defended | D.ignored |
A.around | B.between | C.for | D.within |
A.aid | B.memory | C.defense | D.support |
A.moreover | B.therefore | C.however | D.meanwhile |
A.area | B.shelter | C.room | D.space |
A.contents | B.limits | C.connection | D.requirements |
A.mixture | B.influence | C.appearance | D.relation |
A.growing | B.coming | C.escaping | D.dying |
A.come back | B.come down | C.come out | D.come across |
A.sense | B.time | C.name | D.room |
A.appear | B.disappear | C.go | D.exist |
A.convince | B.remind | C.warn | D.tell |
A.welcoming | B.imaging | C.hoping | D.supplying |
8 . At the age of 12, I withdrew into my bedroom with my guitar. I had neither musical talent — many
The world favors achievement while
The seeking of accomplishment always
A.added | B.tailored | C.expected | D.failed |
A.Besides | B.Instead | C.Therefore | D.However |
A.fruitless | B.matchless | C.effortless | D.senseless |
A.wished | B.allowed | C.required | D.invited |
A.masked | B.rooted | C.set | D.stuck |
A.waited for | B.passed by | C.departed from | D.stayed with |
A.exchange | B.reason | C.foundation | D.priority |
A.relationship | B.difference | C.balance | D.similarity |
A.ignoring | B.avoiding | C.assessing | D.defending |
A.origin | B.process | C.decision | D.reward |
A.lack | B.need | C.rush | D.dream |
A.amazes | B.concerns | C.frightens | D.discourages |
A.adventurous | B.dangerous | C.memorable | D.horrible |
A.impression | B.performance | C.scene | D.harmony |
A.pursued | B.accepted | C.interpreted | D.analysed |
9 . My son “graduated” from elementary school this week. I put the word in quotations(引语)because as a rising 6th grader, he wasn’t receiving a
At the Moving On Ceremony, each member of the 5th grade class
Growing up is the work of a
We look forward to our son
A.prize | B.letter | C.degree | D.gift |
A.normal | B.different | C.traditional | D.popular |
A.interesting | B.successful | C.creative | D.meaningful |
A.end | B.goal | C.process | D.task |
A.translated | B.learned | C.shared | D.completed |
A.complain | B.miss | C.worry | D.imagine |
A.teacher’s | B.parent’s | C.cleaner’s | D.student’s |
A.responsible | B.grateful | C.concerned | D.famous |
A.struck | B.confused | C.inspired | D.disappointed |
A.moment | B.month | C.year | D.lifetime |
A.current | B.previous | C.future | D.upward |
A.work out | B.calm down | C.think over | D.move forward |
A.but | B.though | C.and | D.also |
A.holding | B.preparing | C.discovering | D.experiencing |
A.kindness | B.gratitude | C.bravery | D.patience |
10 . One night I was short of breath and my chest felt tight. It was
To deal with the
It’s not difficult to find how
There is
Needless to say, I have no intention of stopping in future
A.temporarily | B.apparently | C.occasionally | D.slightly |
A.refused | B.forgot | C.offered | D.continued |
A.Otherwise | B.Therefore | C.However | D.Besides |
A.insisted | B.suspected | C.questioned | D.recalled |
A.boredom | B.chaos | C.expectation | D.readings |
A.dancing | B.singing | C.drawing | D.writing |
A.powerful | B.traditional | C.simple | D.familiar |
A.convincing | B.supporting | C.challenging | D.astonishing |
A.guidance | B.consideration | C.pressure | D.treatment |
A.restrict | B.explore | C.reward | D.puzzle |
A.proud | B.nervous | C.conscious | D.guilty |
A.take down | B.struggle with | C.bring about | D.work out |
A.self-denying | B.self-healing | C.self-defeating | D.self-sacrificing |
A.As for | B.Far from | C.Due to | D.Apart from |
A.comment on | B.take over | C.hand out | D.leave out |
A.responsibility | B.justice | C.achievement | D.freedom |
A.uncertainty | B.science | C.criticism | D.prejudice |
A.negative | B.significant | C.similar | D.interesting |
A.prefers | B.forbids | C.assists | D.troubles |
A.until | B.though | C.while | D.as |