2 . Suppose you want to go abroad and learn about the foreign exchange in culture in different countries. Here is some information you may need.

Name: Susan Lane   Age: 22 Place: Reykjavik, Iceland, 1994. Cost: $7,000 Organization: AFS Experience: I think it was a turning point in my life. I began to understand more about my own culture by experiencing another culture and seeing how other people live.”

Name: Sara Small   Age: 23 Place: Crivitz, Germany, 1996. Cost: $8,000 Organization: EF Foundation Experience: “I love the traveling and I made a lot of friends. I found the European school system to be hard but I am fluent now in German so it is worth it. I did miss my family and friends in Australia but I would love to do it again.”

Name: David Links   Age: 16 Place: Stuttgart, Germany, 1996. Cost: $4,500 Organization: Southern Cross Cultural Exchange Experience: “I wanted to try something that was very different in culture. In Germany everything was different but I soon got settled. The family I was with was great and I really feel as though I have a second family.”

Name: Tom Jennings   Age: 21 Place: Conflans, France, 1995. Cost: $7,000 Organization: Southern Cross Cultural Exchange Experience: “There were times when it was difficult but I liked it, experiencing a different culture.” You just have to adapt to each situation as it comes. If there is one thing you learn when you are on a student-exchange program it is how to take care of yourself.”

Name: Linda Marks   Age: 19 Place: Chonburi Province, Thailand, 1994. Cost: $3,500 Organization: Rotary International Experience: “There are lots of ups and downs, but you always come back for more. I had a few problems but there was always someone to turn to and that was great.”

1. According to the information, taking part in a foreign exchange program can cost ________.

A．from $4,500 to $8,000	B．from $3,500 to $8,000
C．anything from $3,500	D．no more than $7,000

2. The students who refer to both the good and bad times as an exchange student include ________.

A．Susan Lane and Sara Small

B．Linda Marks and David Links

C．Tom Jennings and Linda Marks

D．Susan Lane and Tom Jennings

3. If a student wanted to take part in a foreign exchange program, but had not enough money, then the best place would be ________.

A．Iceland and America	B．Thailand and France
C．Germany and Iceland	D．Germany and Thailand

4 . On paper, hydrogen（H2）looks like a dream fuel. Coal, oil, and natural gas produce carbon dioxide, which warms the earth when burned, Hydrogen produces pure water. Hydrogen packs more energy into less space than a battery（but certainly less than petrol）. Also, empty tanks（燃料箱）can be refilled with hydrogen much faster than refilling empty batteries with electricity.

While in practice, things are trickier. Storing a meaningful amount of hydrogen gas requires pressing it several hundred-fold. Changing it into the liquid form is another option, but it should be cooled to-253C. Both processes require a heavy and strong tank. While a 700 bar tank is acceptable for a city bus or a truck, adapting it for use in small vehicles is very difficult because the pressure during refilling would be too great.

The solution? Powerpaste.

A German team of researchers, led by Marcus Vogt, have come up with an interesting "powerpaste", which can store hydrogen energy at atmospheric pressure, ready for release when needed. It is so named because it comes in tubes and looks like toothpaste（牙膏）, not in its traditional form of gas.

The main ingredient（原料）of the paste is magnesium hydride, a substance that reacts with water to form hydrogen. The escaped hydrogen can then be directed into a fuel cell, where it reacts with oxygen from the air to produce electric power.

Refueling is very simple, as instead of going to a filling station, drivers and riders can simply replace an empty tube with a new one and refill the water tank.

Given that powerpaste only begins to break down at temperatures of around 250℃ it remains safe even when a vehicle stands in the baking sun for hours.

However, we will have to be patient. Just because researchers have succeeded in developing a new fueling way does not mean that we can expect to see such vehicles on the road anytime soon. It will indeed be several years before this concept is turned into reality.

1. As a fuel, what is the advantage of hydrogen over oil?

A．Refilling empty tanks will be more convenient.

B．It is less likely to worsen global warming

C．More energy can be packed in the same space.

D．It will produce pure water for people to drink.

2. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?

A．The practical difficulties to use hydrogen as fuel in small vehicles.

B．The detailed processes of adapting a strong tank in small vehicles.

C．The differences in fueling between large vehicles and small ones.

D．The tricks of building strong tanks in small vehicles.

3. The author mentions the refueling process to show that powerpaste is______________.

A．inexpensive

B．powerful

C．convenient

D．environment-friendly

4. Why does the author call on the readers to be patient?

A．Powerpaste-driven vehicles sometimes move very slowly on the road.

B．Practical use of powerpaste-driven vehicles will not come very soon.

C．Powerpaste-driven vehicles can only work after being in the sun for hours

D．It will be years before the researchers work out the concept of powerpaste.

5 . Christmas is on the way: 4 gift ideas from Stanford's bookshop.

Shipping Areas Tea Towel, £9. 99 (enjoying a 10% discount)

We are a nation of sailors who rely on weather forecasts to keep safe. This book will help you understand the shipping forecast, with the 30 shipping areas mentioned in the National Weather Service. So, the next time you turn on the radio and hear about high winds in Cromarty, Forth and Tyne, you'll know that they mean strong winds in these areas. You'll be wiser to make some preparations.

The Writer's Map, £30 (enjoying a 5% discount)

The Writer's Map combines maps and literature. Many writers use maps to plan out their stories. This book collects maps that appear in fiction and non-fiction. JRR Tolkien, a fantasy novel writer, said, “The fact that many books choose to contain one map is evidence to the importance of maps. I wisely started with a map, and made the story fit.”

Brutalist London Map, £8 (enjoying a 5% discount)

You either love it or you hate it. Said to have been coined (创造) in the late 1950s from the French raw concrete, brutalism (野兽派艺术) was a big influence on the 1960s London’s finest examples of brutalism. Brutalism maps of other cities, including Paris, Washington and Sydney, are also available.

The Ordnance Survey Puzzle Book, £14. 99 (enjoying a 10% & discount)

The national mapping agency, Ordnance Survey, has been mapping the Great Britain for many years. The Ordnance Survey Puzzle Book includes word puzzles and various mathematical challenges. It includes maps containing rare geographical characteristics or places of special cultural interest. It will make you look more closely at every map and test your map-reading knowledge.

1. Shipping Areas Tea Towel can help sailors ________.

A．know world-famous shipping areas

B．prepare for bad weather in advance

C．have the ability to predict weather

D．judge the quality of various ships

2. What do Brutalist London Map and The Ordnance Survey Puzzle Book have in common?

A．They are both brought out by the same publisher.

B．They both aim to test readers' map-reading skill.

C．They can both reflect the history of Britain.

D．They both include challenging puzzles.

3. What's the writer's purpose of writing the text?

A．To advertise four books.

B．To compare four books.

C．To appeal to people to read.

D．To show different maps.

6 . Disease-carrying mosquitoes can spread diseases without affecting themselves. Nearly 700 million people get a mosquito-borne illness each year, which results in over one million deaths. Humans experience continuous pressures from disease-carrying mosquitoes in many parts of the world, so we have to find ways to fight against those insects because they keep getting scarier.

Even though DEET remains the most commonly used, and most powerful, mosquito repellent (防护剂) ever developed, scientists are actively pursuing effective products based entirely on plant oils. While DEET is an effective contact repellent, many people dislike the oily feel and smell on their skin, and sometimes some people are sensitive to it. Consumers are always interested in alternatives to DEET and other synthetic (合成的) repellents, so there are numerous natural repellents on the market.

In my lab at Iowa State University, my team and I have been conducting research on natural products as possible insect repellents for the past 20 years. In the past few years, three of my Ph. D. students have contributed greatly to our research by designing, synthesizing, purifying, characterizing and testing more than 300 closely related chemicals coming from the best of natural repellents like citronellol, menthol and thymol.

These students have successfully tested these repellents against three species of dangerous mosquitoes. The first group of the new repellents act through the air. These chemicals have a vapor action that provides protection. These are potentially most useful in backyards, parks, houses, barracks and horse barns. The other group of the new repellents are the classic ones that stop insects from standing on a treated surface, such as human skin, clothing or tents; some researchers have conducted testing on some humans to confirm the effectiveness and identify the very best ones.

The new repellents were designed and made from the natural materials in plant essential oils. They maintain many of the advantages of the natural repellents: They are fully biodegradable (可生物降解的), with no ecological concerns or environmental wastes, and generally considered safe like the thousands of types of plant essential oils used in the flavor and perfume industries. However, thorough testing will be conducted to determine if they are truly non-poisonous because there is still no enough evidence.

1. What does the author mainly want to show in Paragraph 1?

A．The way mosquitoes spread disease.

B．The high death rate of mosquito-borne illness.

C．The difficulty of fighting disease-carrying mosquitoes.

D．The urgency of finding tools to fight against mosquitoes

2. What is a disadvantage of DEET?

A．It causes discomfort to the users.

B．It greatly harms people's health.

C．It can't be applied universally.

D．It won't be effective for long.

3. What can we learn about the second group of the new repellents?

A．They can kill mosquitoes indirectly.

B．They are mainly used in the open air.

C．They are more effective on human skin.

D．They can prevent mosquitoes from contacting users.

4. What's the author's attitude to the new repellents?

A．Disapproving

B．Negative

C．Objective

D．Subjective

7 . Are your kids interested in science and technology? Help them sign up for any of the following programs, and your kids will thank you more than enough.

Science is Beautiful Arts Contest
Location: Canada
Project Type: Arts
Grade Level: 11-12

The “Science is Beautiful” arts contest is open to Canadian students in grades 11-12. Both individual and group entries are accepted. But there is a limit of one submission per individual or group. There is no restriction on the type of submission — your artwork can consist of photographs, sculptures, poems, songs or any other medium that allows you to share the beauty of science!

Tomatosphere Action Project
Location: Across Canada
Project Type: Data Collection
Grade Level: 10-12

Tomatosphere is a program that uses the excitement of space exploration to teach the skills and processes of scientific experimentation and inquiry. Participating classrooms compare the germination rate (发芽率) of tomato seeds which have been exposed to a space-like environment with that of a control set of seeds.

DNA Barcoding (条形编码) at the Toronto Zoo
Location: Toronto, Ontario
Project Type: Student Science Club
Grade Level: 7-12

DNA technology is in use right now to preserve and catalogue life’s biodiversity through a Canadian invention: the DNA barcode of life. This colourful barcode is already being used to fight the greatest crime of our lifetime — the loss of biodiversity. By adding information to a few exhibits at the zoo, high school students can witness the power of biotechnology in solving global issues.

Dandelion (蒲公英) Project
Location: Ontario
Project Type: Data Collection
Grade Level: 11

This dynamic and hands-on program focuses on studying evolution of a species available all around us: the dandelion. Students will actively make observations, generate predictions, design experiments, collect and analyze the data and communicate their findings.

1. The "Science is Beautiful" arts contest mainly sets a limit on _____.

A．the type of the artwork submitted

B．the number of the artwork submission

C．the ability to express the beauty of science

D．the number of the participating group members

2. Which of the following programs may accept junior high students?

A．Science is Beautiful Arts Contest.

B．Tomatosphere Action Project.

C．DNA Barcoding at the Toronto Zoo.

D．Dandelion Project.

3. How do students study evolution in the Dandelion Project?

A．By doing some practical activities in person.

B．By learning about the history of dandelions.

C．By asking experts about dandelions’ details.

D．By referring to previous studies on dandelions.

8 . The secret to happiness is keeping busy, research has found.

Keeping the mind occupied with tasks — no matter how meaningless — keeps off negative emotions, the study found.

However, the bad news is that humans are seemingly born to be lazy in order to save energy, according to Professor Christoper Hsee, a behavioral scientist at Chicago University.

In a study, 98 students were asked to complete two surveys. After they had completed the first, they were made to wait 15 minutes to receive the next one. They were given a choice of either handing in the first survey nearby or at a more distant location they had to walk to. Whichever option they chose, they received a chocolate bar. It turned out that approximately two-thirds (68 students) chose the lazy option. Those who had taken the walk reported feeling happier than those who had stayed put.

Prof. Hsee concluded that keeping busy helped keep people happy. He said the findings, reported in the journal Psychological Science, had policy implications.

“Governments may increase the happiness of idle citizens by having them build bridges that are actually useless,” he proposed.

At the individual level, he advised, “Get up and do something. Anything. Even if there really is no point to what you are doing, you will feel better for it.” He added, “Incidentally, thinking deeply or engaging in self-reflection counts as keeping busy, too.”

“You do not need to be running around. You just need to be engaged, either physically or mentally.”

1. Keeping busy can make people happy because________.

A．it can help people get rid of laziness	B．it can make people sleep better
C．it can help get rid of negative emotions	D．it can give people a sense of achievement

2. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A．The finding may contribute to politics.

B．The officials have taken Prof. Hsee’s advice.

C．In the study half students handed in the first survey nearby.

D．Governments can increase citizens’ happiness by building bridges.

3. What can we infer from the passage?

A．Everybody is born to be happy.

B．Only by keeping working all the time can you gain happiness.

C．Prof. Hsee’s finding was published in Psychological Science.

D．Keeping busy goes against human nature.

4. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?

A．To explain what happiness is.

B．To advise people not to sit around.

C．To advise people to do what they like to.

D．To show people how to take life correctly.

9 . In October, 2019, Beijing Daily warned the youth that they shouldn't let Internet slang （俚语） deepen the generation gap（代沟），after People Daily started a discussion on Chinese microblog Weibo on how to "explain" the youth's Internet slang terms to parents. The post got 40,000 likes. People were commenting that they couldn't keep up with the rapidly developing Internet lingo （术语）in China.

People also fear that Chinese Internet slang will negatively influence broader linguistic （语言的） trends of Mandarin Chinese, in particular, the gradual taking over of pinyin, the romanization of traditional Chinese characters using the Western alphabet. As pinyin gets widely used when people text or write on mobile phones or computers, while less and less people write characters by hand, people gradually forget how to write them, which is called "character amnesia" in China.

2019^’s latest slang terms add a further simplification: the use of pinyin acronyms. "Awsl"   in pinyin, for instance, means Ah, wo si le (Oh, I'm gonna die), and is used if something is too cute or adorable. "Nsdd" stands for ni shuo de dui (you're right).

Certainly, as an age-old written language, Chinese has been evolving and developing over the years. But the Chinese Internet lingo is unlikely to replace the existing use of Mandarin Chinese, but will rather be enriching it by adding another layer.

Acronyms aren't new. They have appeared with the limited space available in early-generation cell phone messaging. Some of them have become a part of the English language, such as BTW (by the way) and LOL (laugh out loud), while others had a rather short lifetime. That's likely to be what's going to happen with China's Internet slang terms. Some are going to be old in a few weeks, while others might make it into mainstream use, and as they do, young net users are coming up with new slang words to differentiate themselves.

In China, using Internet slang means belonging to a certain generation that likes to watch the same talk shows, play the same games, etc., and therefore, creates unity. Older generations don't have to feel left out, and certainly don't have to fear a degradation (没落)of the Chinese language. While language development is unavoidable, Internet slang is not going to let 6,000 years of Chinese written language completely change overnight.

1. The public are worried about Chinese Internet slang abuse because

A．It's used by children to keep secrets from parents.

B．It can cause confusion even among young people.

C．It was invented in response to the limited messaging space.

D．It will rarely have a positive effect on linguistic trends of Chinese.

2. How do Chinese Internet slang terms affect the Chinese language?

A．They add variety to the language.

B．They are replacing its traditional vocabulary.

C．They make the language more global.

D．They only have temporary effects on Chinese.

3. By using Internet slang in China, people may get.

A．a sense of purpose

B．a sense of group identity

C．a sense of cultural pride

D．a sense of safety

4. Which could be the best title for the passage?

A．Is Media Helping Older Generation Understand Internet Slang?

B．Is Chinese Language Too Powerful to Be Largely Affected?

C．Is Mandarin Chinese Useful to Bridge the Generation Gap?

D．Is Internet Slang Deepening the Generation Gap, Ruining Chinese?

10 . Non-Credit Courses

The Pre-College Program offers non-credit courses. Students will experience college-level courses given by some of our college’s leading experts and will receive written feedback (反馈) on their work at the end of the course. Pre-College students will also receive a grade of Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory and a certificate of completion at the conclusion of the program.

All non-credit courses meet from 9:00 a. m.-11:30 a. m. daily and may have additional requirements in the afternoons or evenings.

COURSE: Case Studies in Neuroscience

·June 11— July 2

·Leah Roesch

Using student-centered, active-learning methods and real-world examples, this course is designed to provide a fuller understanding of how the human brain works.

COURSE: Psychology of Creativity

·June 15—June 28

·Marshall Duke

Why are certain people so creative? Is it genetic (遗传的), or a result of childhood experience? Are they different from everyone else? This popular psychology course highlights the different theories of creativity.

COURSE: Creative Storytelling

·June 21 — July 3

·Edith Freni

This college-level course in creative storytelling functions as an introduction to a variety of storytelling techniques that appear in different forms of creative writing, such as short fiction and playwriting.

COURSE: Sports Economics

·July 19 — August 1

·Christina DePasquale

In this course we will analyze many interesting aspects of the sports industry: sports leagues, ticket pricing, salary negotiations, discrimination, and NCAA policies to name a few.

1. Who is the text intended for?

A．The general public.	B．College freshmen.
C．Educational experts.	D．High school students.

2. Which course can you take if you are free only in June?

A．Sports Economics.	B．Creative Storytelling.
C．Psychology of Creativity.	D．Case Studies in Neuroscience.

3. Whose course should you choose if you are interested in creative writing?

A．Leah Roesch’s.	B．Edith Freni’s.
C．Marshall Duke’s.	D．Christina DePasquale’s.