1 . There are around 100 tribes that live in global isolation, mostly in South America and India.
The Sentinelese(250 people)have lived on one of the Andaman Islands in Eastern India for 60, 000 years. They protect their island by fighting against people from outside. Their language is different from any other known language.
Another Andaman tribe is the Jarawa(300 people). In the past, they were independent and fought against anybody trying to make contact with them. But in 1998, the Indian govemment built a road across their land, and since then, they’ve had more contact with the outside world.
Some Amazon tribes avoid contact because of unhappy memories. The Mashco—Piro left their vegetable gardens after rubber companies killed most of their tribe at the beginning of the 20th century. Those who survived became nomadic(游牧的)and started hunting animals in the forest.
The Awa live in the Amazon forests of Brazil. Out of 350 members, 100 have no contact with the outside world. They left their villages and adopted a nomadic lifestyle around 1850 to escape attacks by Europeans. In the following years, farmers in nearby communities started cutting the trees to expand their farmland. The Awa lost most of their hunting land.
The few Amazon tribes that still exist are fighting to keep their traditional way of life.
Survival, an organization that fights for the rights of tribal people, says that uncontacted tribes are the most vulnerable(弱势的)humans on the planet and that’s why their environment should be unavailable to the rest of us.
After years of pressure, the organization got Brazil’s government to clear invaders from the Awa land. All non-Awa people are leaving so the tribe can get their forest back. But some think it’s impossible for tribes to stay isolated forever in a connected world. Contact will be made one day. So the question is：Whose choice should it be, ours or theirs?
1. What could be learnt about the Sentinelese from the text?| A．They speak the same language as the Jarawa. |
| B．They resist contact from the outside world. |
| C．There are about 350 members in their tribe. |
| D．They received help from the Indian government. |
| A．To avoid being attacked by Europeans. |
| B．To avoid being robbed by rubber companies. |
| C．To protect their hunting land. |
| D．To maintain their traditional way of life. |
| A．They should fight for their rights by themselves. |
| B．We should show them respect and not disturb them. |
| C．It’s impossible to stay isolated from the outside world. |
| D．We should help them get used to the connected world. |
| A．Doubtfully. | B．Critically. | C．Indifferently. | D．Objectively. |
2 . Non-Credit Courses
The Pre-College Program offers non-credit courses. Students will experience college-level courses given by some of our college’s leading experts and will receive written feedback (反馈) on their work at the end of the course. Pre-College students will also receive a grade of Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory and a certificate of completion at the conclusion of the program.
All non-credit courses meet from 9:00 a. m.-11:30 a. m. daily and may have additional requirements in the afternoons or evenings.
COURSE: Case Studies in Neuroscience
·June 11— July 2
·Leah Roesch
Using student-centered, active-learning methods and real-world examples, this course is designed to provide a fuller understanding of how the human brain works.
COURSE: Psychology of Creativity
·June 15—June 28
·Marshall Duke
Why are certain people so creative? Is it genetic (遗传的), or a result of childhood experience? Are they different from everyone else? This popular psychology course highlights the different theories of creativity.
COURSE: Creative Storytelling
·June 21 — July 3
·Edith Freni
This college-level course in creative storytelling functions as an introduction to a variety of storytelling techniques that appear in different forms of creative writing, such as short fiction and playwriting.
COURSE: Sports Economics
·July 19 — August 1
·Christina DePasquale
In this course we will analyze many interesting aspects of the sports industry: sports leagues, ticket pricing, salary negotiations, discrimination, and NCAA policies to name a few.
1. Who is the text intended for?| A．The general public. | B．College freshmen. |
| C．Educational experts. | D．High school students. |
| A．Sports Economics. | B．Creative Storytelling. |
| C．Psychology of Creativity. | D．Case Studies in Neuroscience. |
| A．Leah Roesch’s. | B．Edith Freni’s. |
| C．Marshall Duke’s. | D．Christina DePasquale’s. |
3 . In the past five years, about 2.8 billion of school textbooks were sold per year, with total spending of 20 billion yuan ($3 billion), news magazine Outlook Weekly reported, citing data released recently by the National Press and Publication Administration.
If these textbooks are reused for one year, the costs saved can be used to help build around 40,000 Hope Schools in impoverished regions.
The figures show that in 2018, the number of retailed textbooks for primary and secondary schools was 2.93 billion copies, totaling 25.99 billion yuan. If all of them are reused, a total of over 20 billion yuan will be saved per year.
Zhao Dehua, in charge of a company recycling resources, said many college graduates sell the textbooks they have accumulated over the years at an average price of 1 yuan per kilogram. As these textbooks are mostly used to produce recycled paper, the cost is even higher than that of raw paper as the processing procedure of recycled paper is complicated.
At present, free textbooks related to music, art and P.E for the nine-year compulsory education have been reused, but account for less than a fraction of the total number of textbooks. Because of the supply chain obstruction, which increases the costs to match supply with demand, the lack of sound platform and service supporting system for the second-hand textbook trade, most of the textbooks used for compulsory education and higher education end up as waste.
“Every year, second-hand booksellers collect textbooks at a price of about 4,000 yuan a ton, which is more than twice the price of ordinary waste paper, but the number of people who come to collect second-hand books is still few,” Zhao Dehua said.
Besides, the incomplete policies and regulations might bring second-hand book sales platforms and sellers to legal risks.
“Establishing the system of textbook recycling can not only save resources, but also help to cultivate students’ consciousness and sense of responsibility,” said Zhu Pin, deputy head of a school of nine-year compulsory education in Jiangxi province. The school has set up a system for reusing the textbooks and the books are disinfected every week.
1. What can we learn from paragraph 4?| A．College students sell textbooks in order to make profits. |
| B．Recycled paper is mainly used for environmental considerations. |
| C．The cost of recycled paper is greater than that of raw paper. |
| D．Certain groups of collectors tend to choose second-hand textbooks. |
| A．It is blocked because of lack of funds. |
| B．The supply of recycled textbooks is not adequate to meet the demand. |
| C．The regulation of second-hand textbooks has not been carried out yet. |
| D．A large number of second-hand textbooks are not used properly. |
| A．The school frees recycled textbooks from bacteria regularly. |
| B．The school proposes regulations for wasting second-hand textbooks. |
| C．The school calls on students to participate in the system of textbook recycling. |
| D．The school requests the government’s support. |
| A．Textbooks recycled for less waste |
| B．Recycled textbooks used for compulsory education |
| C．Reusing textbooks good for environment and wallet |
| D．Reusing textbooks good for collection |
4 . “Join our exciting wildlife watching tours and experience the holiday of a lifetime!” Eco-wildlife tours like this are becoming more and more popular with tourists. The opportunity to see whales and dolphins swimming in their natural habitat is so much better than seeing these great mammals in zoos and aquariums. As your boat edges out into the blue water, a group of dolphins come to greet you and swim around the boat, jumping playfully around you. In some places, tour companies even encourage tourists to go swimming with the dolphins. These intelligent mammals seem to enjoy our company and interact with us. But is it possible that this kind of human activity putting their survival at risk?
A recent study has shown that the behavior of whales and dolphins changes greatly when they are close to boats. Interpreting the boats as a possible danger, they start to breathe more to breathe more quickly. The boats drive them away from the places where they feed and interrupt their routine of resting and taking care of their young. All of these factors could have a very negative effect on their general health. Another factor that should be taken into account is the effect of human attention on the animals. As they become more used to interacting with humans, they become less afraid of them. There have been several cases of tour boats running into dolphins or whales and causing their deaths. As dolphins live within close communities, events like these cause a lot of stress.
Perhaps the best way to protect these animals is to reduce our interaction with them. We could do by keeping a minimum distance between the animals and the boats, and by limiting the number of boats out on the water at one time. Most importantly, instead of interrupting these animals’ routines, we should try to adapt to them. In this way, we could learn to exist in harmony with these wild animals and ensure our continued co-existence on the planet that we shall share.
1. Why are Eco-wildlife tours increasingly popular?| A．Because they are widely advertised. |
| B．Because tourists can visit wild animals in nature. |
| C．Because wild animals enjoy our company. |
| D．Because visitors do not disturb wild animals. |
| A．Interested. | B．Supportive. | C．Critical. | D．Confused. |
| A．The visiting boats excite whales and dolphins. |
| B．Boats drive young whales and dolphins away from their parents. |
| C．Human’s attention benefits whales and dolphins a lot. |
| D．Getting too close to wild animals may cause trouble to them. |
| A．Making less interaction with them. |
| B．Keeping a minimum distance between boats. |
| C．Banning boats entering their habitat. |
| D．Making them adapt to our daily routine. |
5 . When Carson Palmer, a professional American football player, hurt his arm a few years ago, he took a week off from throwing the football. But in his head, Palme practiced every day. The following weekend, Palmer had the best game of his life.
For more than a century, scientists have been trying to understand how this mental training works. In the 1930s, researchers proved by experiment that when you’re imagining an action, your brain sends signals to your muscles which are too weak to tighten the muscles but might help train the body to perform. In other words, mental practice might create a pattern in your head, like an inner how-to guide for a particular skill.
Sports psychologists have conducted hundreds of studies comparing imagined and physical practice for actions. On the whole, the research shows that mental training works. A 2012 study, for example, compared 32 amateur golfers who practiced hitting the balls to another 32 who merely held a golf club in their hands and visualized (想象) their swings.
Under the same training rules, both groups improved their skills by getting the ball about 4 inches closer to the hole.
Visualization has advantages over the real thing: You can do it anywhere, even when injured. It is safe — a major plus for high-risk performers such as gymnasts and surgeons. And you can practice for longer periods of time because you’re not restricted by physical tiredness. That’s not to say it’s easy. “We’ve had Olympic-level athletes sitting in our lab, visualizing the movements for two hours,” says Tadhg Macintyre, a sports psychologist at the University of Limerick in Ireland. “When we’re done, they’re absolutely tired.”
It doesn’t work for everyone, though. “If you’re a novice, the effect can be harmful,” warns Macintyre. “If you’re trying to visualize a free throw, and you don’t even know the proper movement, then you’re probably going to mentally practice the wrong skill.”
1. The author introduces the topic of the text by_ .| A．giving an example | B．presenting an argument |
| C．explaining a phenomenon | D．making an assumption |
| A．A special skill is quickly acquired. |
| B．A certain model is formed in the head |
| C．The muscles grow increasingly tense. |
| D．The brain sends strong messages to the body. |
| A．Athletes are likely to win games through imagined practice. |
| B．Practicing a skill properly in mind can produce intended effect. |
| C．Practice whether mental or physical has its own characteristics. |
| D．Scientists have found a sale way for athletes to practice their skills. |
6 . As doctors and nurses struggle for medical supplies to fight coronavirus pandemic,help is coming from an unlikely place﹣high school students. The Careen Technical Education Charter High Scholl（CTEC）,US,has been using its nine 3D printers to make face masks for healthcare workers on the frontline.
Face masks have been particularly challenging to find across the US since the outbreak Valerie Castro,16, a CTEC student,is part of a team of teachers and students who came up with improvement that cut almost 30 minutes off the time it takes to build a face mask.
"That's what makes this school kind of different. " Gavin Newsom, Governor of the State of California，said. "Even though all these bad things are happening，we're able to make an impact positively . It's like leaving your little mark on the world. " Makerbot，a New York﹣based company that makes 3D printers，has also helped CTEC to maximize the building process. They've been churning out nearly 100 masks each day, and that production rate is set to be three times as 20 more 3D printers come online at the school.
CTEC staff and students have provided masks to hospitals，dentists, urgent care centers and retirement homes in Fresno County and the surrounding areas in California. "I was shocked," Stacy Vohra told school staff in video. "We were so thrilled to have the donation from CTEC. This is something that we've been needing. "
"The entire staff has switched from daily teaching to face mask production，" said Jonathan Delano，director of CTEC. "When the new 3D printers arrive，some of them will go to students' houses so kids can help with the hands﹣on process. "
"That's how we get through these things，" Delano said. "Our high school focuses on giving back to society. Students should know the skills they hold can have an impact on a community. "
1. What can we learn from the passage？| A．High School students are expected to help make face masks in the U. S. |
| B．Valeria alone helps speed up the production of 3D face masks in CTEC. |
| C．The act of the students in CTEC is highly thought of by Gavin. |
| D．Makerbot helps CTEC to build a factory for making 3D face masks. |
| A．producing massive |
| B．selling quickly |
| C．importing legally |
| D．exchanging equally |
| A．Shocked and embarrassed. |
| B．Astonished and excited. |
| C．Disappointed and frustrated. |
| D．Inspired and joyful. |
| A．Teenagers helped design face masks. |
| B．3D printing technology was used to produce face masks. |
| C．A high school made donations to fight the pandemic. |
| D．A high school made contributions by producing 3D face masks. |
7 . I grew up with a four-year gap（差距）between myself and my younger brother. It was an enough distance in age to keep us close as we got older, but also enough of an age gap to make sure we lived our own lives in completely different ways. Having a younger brother while I was a girl was a lot of work for there was a lot of fighting.
However, as we've got older, we've become closer, and I've learned several things in life from my younger brother that I didn't realize I needed before.
My younger brother is one of the most talented and creative souls I've known. He's constantly feeding his creativity with new art forms, new instruments. He always seeks to understand and learn more about the world around him. He's helped remind me through his actions and words that giving up on creativity is something a person should never do.
My younger brother has always been a more introverted type, and if you speak to him, you're lucky to get over three words out of him at a time. Because of this, he's certainly learned the whole “actions speak louder than words”thing. But, I've realized from my brother that I needn't speak to fill the silence. Sometimes, it's necessary to spend some of your time in silence and reflect in it. My younger brother has also been through hard times, but he's able to focus on learning from the hard times, unlike me, who tends to hold on to every little thing from my life. It's always been difficult for me to let things go and move on, but my younger brother has been an inspiration for me to try harder at letting go.
1. What does the author think of growing up as the older sister?| A．It is a great advantage. |
| B．It tends to be enjoyable. |
| C．It is troubling but inspiring. |
| D．It isn't always fun and easy. |
| A．She should focus on the past and the present |
| B．She should never stop feeding her creativity. |
| C．She should move on with the past kept in mind. |
| D．She should explain every little detail of something. |
| A．They are quiet. |
| B．They are quick. |
| C．They are noisy. |
| D．They are friendly. |
| A．The Good Relationships between My Brother and Me |
| B．The Inspirations My Younger Brother was Given |
| C．Lessons My Little Brother Helped Me Learn |
| D．The Great Qualities of My Little Brother |
8 . The cultures of the East and the West are really different from each other a lot. This is because the culture systems are two separate ones on the whole.
The origin (起源) of the Eastern culture is mainly from two countries: China and India. Both of the two cultures are developed by rivers — the Yellow River in China and the Hindu River in India. They helped the two cultures develop for centuries and form their own styles.
When the two mother rivers gave birth to the Eastern culture, another famous culture was up on the Mesopotamian Plain — the Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. And these two are well-known as the base of the European culture. Like the Chinese culture, the European culture also crossed waters. When the British settled down in America, their culture went with them over the Atlantic Ocean. So the American culture doesn’t have much difference from the European culture.
At the same time, some other differences add to the cultural differences. Take the language system for example. In the East, most languages belong to the pictographic (象形) language while the western languages are mostly based on the Latin system. Other causes like human race differences count as well. But what’s more, due to the far distance and the steep areas between the East and the west, the two cultures seldom communicate until recent centuries. So they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no interference from the other.
The differences are everywhere. They are obvious and make people’s ways of thinking and their views of the world different. But different cultures make the world of 21st century more colorful. The cultural difference should not be the obstacle (障碍) to the civilization of human being. It ought to be the driving force of our going farther.
1. What is the text mainly about?| A．The origin of cultures. | B．Culture differences. |
| C．Language systems. | D．Colorful world. |
| A．Both of the two cultures have a very long history. |
| B．They have the same mother rivers as the Chinese culture. |
| C．The early settlers from Britain brought their culture to America. |
| D．Both the British and the American live along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. |
| A．difference | B．influence |
| C．confidence | D．environment |
| A．A diary. | B．A magazine. |
| C．A novel. | D．A guidebook. |
Dayrider
Travel as much as you like in one day.
With Stagecoach Dayrider bus tickets you can make as many journeys as you like for one day. They offer more value for money than buying a single or return, as you can travel on all Stagecoach buses within your chosen ticket zone. Buy tickets using the Stagecoach Bus App or buy on the bus. with contactless payments now available on all our buses, you don't need to worry about finding the correct change
Bus and Boat
Unlimited bus travel for one car in the selected zone, plus a boat ride
Explore the countryside on bus and then enjoy the fine mountain views from the comfort of a boat deck. You can board one of our many boats or steamers located at four of the districts most outstanding lakes. Stagecoach have combined bus boat tickets which are available for Coniston, Detwent Water, Ullswater and Windermere
Sightseeing Tickets
Never get lost and don't miss a thing.
Hop-on and hop-off all day as much as you like at any of the bus stops on the route and see all the best sights and attractions your chosen town or city has to offer. You'll also learn lots of history along the way from one of our expert guides
Student Tickets
Flexible student bus tickets
Are you a student and getting ready for the new term? You can travel for a lot less with Stagecoach's student bus tickets. You'll need a current student ID card with a photo to buy a Stagecoach student ticket. The name on your ID card will need to match the name on your ticket.
1. What is true about the “Dayrider” ticket?
| A．You need the correct change to buy it. |
| B．You can use it to travel anywhere in the city. |
| C．It can be purchased with your mobile phone. |
| D．It can be used with any bus company. |
| A．Dayrider. | B．Bus and Boat. |
| C．Sightseeing. | D．Student tickets. |
| A．A photo of yourself. | B．Your name. |
| C．The bus app. | D．Valid student ID. |
10 . This season, the bushfires in Australia have burned more than 12.35 million acres of land. At least 25 people have been killed and 2000 homes destroyed. According to the BBC, this is the most casualties(伤亡) from wildfires in the country since 2009. The University of Sydney estimates that 480 million animals have died in South Wales alone.
Zeke Hausfather, an energy systems analyst and climate researcher at Berkeley Earth, said warmer temperatures and extreme weather have made Australia more susceptible to fires and increased the length of the fire season. “The drier conditions combined with record high temperatures in 2019 created main conditions for the disastrous fires. Australia’s fires were worsened by the combination of those two. 2019 was the perfect storm for being the warmest year on record for Australia and the driest year on record for Australia,” Hausfather added on Friday.
Kevin Trenberth, a senior scientist at the US National Center for Atmospheric Research, said warmer ocean temperatures are also contributed to more variable weather around the world. Trenberth believes that global warming contributed to energy imbalances and hot spots in the oceans, which can create a wave in the atmosphere that locks weather patterns in places, causing longer rain events in Indonesia, for example, and at the same time contributing to drought in Australia. He said that once an area experiences drought conditions for two months or more, it increases the risk of fires catching and spreading. Those changing weather patterns due to global warming make drought events longer.
Climate experts stress that climate change is not the only factor in the severity of wildfires. How land is managed can also impact the amount of fuel available for fires. Practices like controlled burns and other factors can impact the risk to people and property, such as warning systems and the type of development in a given area. Changing those policies has great potential to limit future damage from wildfires along with changes to how fire management resources are dispatched(派遣).
1. What do the numbers in paragraph 1 show?| A．The causes of Australian fires. |
| B．The results of Australian fires. |
| C．The damaged areas of Australian fires. |
| D．The property destruction of Australian fires. |
| A．Quick to adapt to. | B．Sure to cause. |
| C．Sensitive to. | D．Easy to be protected from. |
| A．Global warming is the root cause of the bushfires. |
| B．Longer dry weather contributes to global warming. |
| C．Warmer ocean temperatures promote fires spreading. |
| D．The imbalanced energy leads to the temperature rising. |
| A．To stress the effects of Australia fires. |
| B．To show the methods for controlling burns. |
| C．To predict the seriousness of Australia fires. |
| D．To provide some advice about reducing damage. |
