1 . When public health officials started telling Americans that hand washing is one of the most powerful weapons against the spread of the coronavirus, Terence Lester wondered, “What about the homeless?” Lester had been homeless himself for a time as a teenager, and today he runs a nonprofit in Atlanta called Love Beyond Walls that helps raise money for and awareness of homeless people. He knows all too well that in the best of times they are lucky to find a public bathroom that will let them in to wash up occasionally, not to mention several times a day.
Lester’s experience of creating temporary shelters with his nonprofit led him to another idea: temporary handwashing stations, the kind you see at outdoor music festivals. He mentioned the idea to his friend Lecrae Moore, a Grammy-winning Christian rapper, who eagerly donated enough money to buy 15 of the $ 150 washing stations. They called their project Love Sinks In. “If leaders in this country are asking people to wash their hands, we also have to provide the tools to people living on the margins of society who are more likely to catch and spread the coronavirus,” Lester says.
After its success in Atlanta, the group sent sinks to Birmingham, Alabama; Oakland, California; Columbus, Ohio; and Austin, Texas, where a partner organization installed the sinks in parks and other public spaces, thanks to a $ 13,000 donation from Google. (In addition to the startup funds, it costs about $ 500 a month to keep each sink stocked with soap and clean water.) One Atlanta hand washer, Sam, left a note on a sink that said, “God bless you! The hand washing the others!” One Atlanta hand washer, Sam, made sure his gratitude didn't go unnoticed. He left a note on a sink that said，“Thank you all for not forgetting about us.”
1. What makes Lester know the homeless well?| A．His research into the homeless. | B．His personal experience. |
| C．The public health warming. | D．The nonprofit organization. |
| A．He fixed handwashing stations at musical festivals. |
| B．He installed the sink for hand washing in person. |
| C．He launched the project Love Sinks In. |
| D．He created temporary shelters. |
| A．The homeless are unlikely to develop coronavirus. |
| B．The project involves individual and collective efforts. |
| C．The homeless have good public health consciousness. |
| D．Handwashing is the most effective way to cure coronavirus. |
| A．Grateful. | B．Negative. |
| C．Concerned | D．Doubtful |
2 . In England, people often talk about the weather because they can experience four seasons in one day. In the morning the weather is warm just like in spring. An hour later black clouds come and then it rains hard. The weather gets a little cold. In the late afternoon the sky will be sunny, the sun will begin to shine, and it will be summer at this time of a day.
In England, people can also have summer in winter, or have winter in summer. So in winter they can swim sometimes, and in summer sometimes they should take warm clothes.
When you go to England, you will see that some English people usually take an umbrella or a raincoat with them in the sunny morning, but you should not laugh at them. If you don't take an umbrella or a raincoat, you will regret later in the day.
1. From the story we know that when _________come, there is a heavy rain.| A．sunshine and snow | B．black clouds |
| C．summer and winter | D．spring and autumn |
| A．warm | B．cool | C．cold | D．rainy |
| A．their friends ask them to do so | B．it often rains in England |
| C．they are going to sell them | D．they are their favourite things |
| A．Bad Seasons | B．Summer or Winter |
| C．The Weather in England | D．Strange English People |
3 . You' re rushing to work and a man ahead of you suddenly falls down. Do you stop to help? In a study of bystanders, it was found that some people look away or keep on walking rather than stop and get involved.
“There is an inclination(倾向) to decide that no action is needed," says Ervin Staub, a psychologist(心理学家) at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, who studies the role of bystanders.“The first thoughts that come into your mind often keep you from offering help."
Time and again, good and caring people fail to come to the aid of others. They know they should act and yet, for reasons they themselves don't understand, people sometimes don't respond. Longtime researchers of bystander behavior continue to struggle with the question,“Why?"
One thing we do know is that the more ambiguous a situation is, the less likely people are to help. Let's say you see vapors(水汽) coming out of a building. You ask yourself,“Is it steam or smoke?" If you are not sure, you look to other people for a clue about how to react.If you see other people doing nothing, you think,“Of course, that's just team." You don't want it to be smoke, because then you would have to do something about it.
Another one is known as“the bystander effect": This says that the more people there are observing an emergency(突发事件)，the less responsible each one of them personally feels. For example, if you are the only person in the world who can act to save someone in a dangerous situation, you are more likely to act. However, if you are one of 100,000 people who could save the situation, you would be happier if one of the other 99,999 people did it!
"If you notice trouble, force yourself to stop and judge the situation instead of walking on," says Ervin Staub. Then try to involve other people; you don't have to take on all the responsibility of being helpful According to Staub, it is sometimes just a matter of turning to the person next to you and saying,“It looks like we should do something," Once you take action, most people will take their cues(提示) from you and also help.
1. According to Ervin Staub, when accidents happen, people's first thoughts______.| A．force them to give a hand | B．prevent them from helping |
| C．often lead to embarrassment | D．depend on others' reaction |
| A．difficult | B．dangerous | C．unclear | D．unpleasant |
| A．many people have the same ideas |
| B．more people carry out more responsibility |
| C．people usually think a lot before difficulties |
| D．people tend to behave in the same way as most other people do |
4 . Every human being, no matter what he is doing, gives off body heat. The usual problem is how to get rid of it. But the designers of the University of Pittsburgh set themselves the opposite problem-----how to collect body heat. They have designed a collection system which makes good use of not only body heat, but the heat given off by such objects as electric lights and fridges as well. The system works so well that no fuel is needed to make the university’s six buildings warm and comfortable.
Some parts of most modern buildings-----theaters and offices as well as classrooms are heated by people and lights far more than necessary, and sometimes they must be air-conditioned even in winter. The skills of saving heat and sharing it out again in a different way is called “heat recovery.” A few modern buildings recover heat from some buildings and reuse it in others.
Along the way, Pittsburgh has learned a great deal about some of its heat producers. The harder a student studies, the more heat his body gives off. Boy students send out more heat than girl students, and the larger a student is, the more heat he gives. The hottest for the Pittsburgh University would be a hardworking, overweight boy student who is very clever in the university.
1. According to this passage, the heat system of the Pittsburgh University is supplied by ________.| A．human bodies | B．human bodies and electrical equipment |
| C．human bodies and fuel | D．human bodies, electrical and fuel |
| A．A fat boy student who is clever and studies hard. |
| B．A thin girl student who is not clever and does not study hard |
| C．A thin boy student who is clever and studies not study hard |
| D．A fat girl student who is both clever and hard-working |
| A．recovery of boys’ heat in the Pittsburgh University. |
| B．modern buildings’ heat system of human being. |
| C．a new heat recovery system in the Pittsburgh University. |
| D．a best way to save fuel or electricity. |
| A．By telling facts. | B．By following time order. |
| C．By analyzing causes. | D．By making comparison. |
5 . The Energy Charter Secretarial, located in Brussels, is the administrative body responsible for facilitating the implementation (实施）of the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) and further developing the Energy Charter Process under the governance of the Energy Charter Conference. Now, it is looking for an assistant secretary general to help with its daily work.
Responsibilities
Generally, the successful candidate will be responsible for:
※Direction and coordination (协调) of the work of the experts and administrative assistants of the Secretariat
※Daily office administration and carrying out other related tasks of the internal management of the office as assigned by the Secretary General
※Monitoring and assisting the implementation of the ECT
※Preparation of the budget, various financial documents and reports, coordination of relations with external auditors (审计员）
Requirements
※At least five years of professional experience in a senior capacity within a national government, an intergovernmental organization, academia, non-government organizations or industries with direct experience in senior or project management and financial administration
※Excellent oral and written communication skills
※The ability to successfully lead a multi-cultural team and complete fluency in English
How to apply
Applications should be addressed to the Secretary General, at secgen@encharter.org to arrive no later than February 20, 2020.
1. Which is looking for an assistant secretary general?| A．The Energy Charter Process. |
| B．The Energy Charter Treaty. |
| C．The Energy Charter Conference. |
| D．The Energy Charter Secretarial. |
| A．Ensure the good process of the ECT. |
| B．Monitor the Secretary General's work. |
| C．Hand in financial papers to the auditors. |
| D．Take charge of the experts’ daily routine. |
| A．Being skilled in cross-cultural communication. |
| B．Speaking English as his or her native language. |
| C．Having managed major projects alone for three years. |
| D．Being able to build a strong administrative department. |
6 . Long school holidays help students clear their heads, relax a little and stretch their brains in different ways.
Traditionally, schooling schedules have long been based more on the needs of society than on education strategies(策略). For example, in Iceland it was traditionally arranged to allow children to help out with harvest. Other countries have long summer vacations because it is simply too hot to study. In other areas where religion plays an important role in the holiday season, the religion calendar then calls for the break, so that students can have enough time to participate in the religious ceremonies(仪式) and traditions of seasonal holidays.
There are some obvious advantages to a vacation that lasts longer. Families who live a long distance from relatives are able to travel together, sometimes across the ocean, in order to connect with their loved ones. Even if there is no visiting family far away, a long holiday is a great opportunity for kids to interact with the people. From an educational point of view, a child that is able to experience another culture can gain valuable language, history, and social skills.
Long school holidays are also needed in schools that have become overly academic and too exam-focused in recent years, which requires a considerably longer holiday break from such a “marathon pumping (灌输) of knowledge,” and it makes great sense!
Great psychologists, like Freud and Piaget, have stressed play’s central role in the formation of fully-rounded (全面发展的) individuals, so the long holiday achieves this by allowing students to explore the world outside school. The students get to participate in activities that would be difficult to do during a normal school term.
As a consequence, long school holiday can be quite useful to our students!
1. What traditionally determines the arrangement of school holidays?| A．Local needs. | B．Cultural activities. |
| C．Religious customs. | D．Academic performance. |
| A．Students run away from exams. |
| B．Family bonds are strengthened. |
| C．Fewer courses are required at school. |
| D．Children can learn science and history. |
| A．holiday activities are necessary |
| B．schools need longer holidays |
| C．play is more important than learning |
| D．students should travel around the world |
| A．Traditional School Holidays |
| B．Activities for Long Holidays |
| C．Benefits of Long Holidays |
| D．Advice from Psychologists |
7 . Be black or white, the exact color of a person’s skin is determined by a combination of his parentage and random chance and it affects how every single person treats you. You can’t take your skin off, even if you’re terrified or ashamed to wear it, even if you’re sick and tired of wearing it.
Freddie Gray, who was arrested in 2016 for possessing a legal knife and died in police custody(拘留), was born Black. Tamir Rice , who barely lived more than one being Black, was shot at the age of 12 for playing with a toy gun in 2014. Breonna Taylor, who was shot and killed in March when two plainclothes police officers entered her apartment unannounced, didn’t choose to be Black. But the police officers who shot her chose their careers. They chose to shoot her, too. Police across America also chose to shoot 336 other unarmed Black people from 2013-2019.
Each of these victims did not possess a weapon at the time of their murder, and in all but few of the cases they lost their lives because someone "thought" they were reaching for a gun that turned out to be a wallet, cell phone or nothing at all. This is absolutely unacceptable. We're not saying they shouldn't have been captured with all necessary force and imprisoned accordingly. A criminal is a criminal and should be handled as such. But even a criminal, as long as he lives in this great country, is an American worthy of justified handling and a fair trial.
Black people don’t get to sign up for lives of discrimination and terror. They often found themselves moving through wave upon wave of white faces that usually mirrored the same emotions—shock, disbelief and anger. It is the fear of black skin that plays a part in each of these murders. African Americans can no longer tolerate the unjustified killings of their loved ones. As a country, it’s time to start effective dialogues to end this pitiless trend. It has to be a long struggle and pain before Black people overcome prejudice to win the chance of being understood by white ones.
1. What is the author’s purpose of mentioning the murders in Paragraph 2?| A．To provide examples of unjustified killings of Black people. |
| B．To give an explanation why police officers choose to shoot black people. |
| C．To offer a description of Police officers’ hatred towards black people. |
| D．To make an analysis of how hard lives black people were living. |
| A．Forgiving. | B．Cautious. |
| C．Disapproving. | D．Indifferent. |
| A．The process of overcoming prejudice towards the black is on its way. |
| B．Black people are ashamed to wear their skin color which leads to injustice. |
| C．Black people will turn to violence to stop the unjustified killings among them. |
| D．The police should have chosen a proper way to treat black “criminals”. |
| A．Prejudice from Whites |
| B．Blacks Call for Justice |
| C．Policemen’s Fair Trial |
| D．Fight for Mutual Trust |
8 . I’m an English teacher working in Russia, and for some reason I really don’t like that classroom topic—Talk About Your Family. Perhaps it’s because everyone studied English from the same book at school. So all the students say, “My family consists of five members: me, my mother, my father, my brother and my dog...”and so on, as if all families are exactly the same.
Let’s get rid of the phrase“my family consists of ...”and look at some more interesting ways to talk about families. English is rich in idioms (习语) to talk about family life. Let’s ignore the black sheep of the family—that’s someone who doesn’t fit in, or causes a family scandal (丑闻). If you’re loyal (忠诚) to your family, you can say blood is thicker than water or keep it in the family. If you share a talent with another family member, you can say it runs in the family. You might have your father’s eyes or your mother’s nose. If you’re like one of your parents, you can say like father, like son or you can be a chip off the old block.
Then there are idioms that have left the family (flown the nest) and gone on to have a life of their own. For example, a Londoner is telling someone how to get a new passport. “Get four pictures taken, pick up a form in the post office, hand it in with your old passport and... Bob’s your uncle.”It means“the problem is solved”. But I’d love to know who the original Bob was, and why he was such a useful uncle to have.
1. Why does the writer dislike the classroom topic—Talk About Your Family?| A．Because he works in Russia. | B．Because all families are the same. |
| C．Because all answers are similar. | D．Because he has no family there. |
| A．who causes a family scandal | B．who is loyal to the family |
| C．who has the father’s eyes | D．who has a useful uncle |
| A．Blood is thicker than water. | B．It runs in the family. |
| C．You are the chip off the old block. | D．Bob is your uncle. |
| A．Sad. | B．Bored. | C．Stressed. | D．Satisfied |
9 . In 1997, the Net Book Agreement in the UK ended. The Agreement existed between UK bookshops and publishers, and fixed minimum prices for all books. With the end of the Agreement, books began to be discounted, and now they are much more affordable for British people. One of the reasons for British libraries having fewer visitors is that books can now be so cheap to buy. Sales of books in the UK are always relatively healthy.
The UK has always been famous for its stories of magic. Shakespeare wrote fantastical plays: The Tempest and A Midsummer Night’s Dream, for example. There was also a lot of fantasy in the work of H.G. Wells, who published The Time Machine in 1895. Everyone’s heard of J.K. Rowling and the humorous, deceased in 2015, Terry Pratchett. You might also have heard of Philip Pullman’s His Dark Materials trilogy too, as the first book was made into the film The Golden Compass, starring Nicole Kidman.
The UK is known for its "detective fiction" and "murder mysteries". A couple of the most famous British authors of this kind are of course Sir Arthur Conan Doyle who started the Sherlock Holmes stories in 1887, and Agatha Christie, who created the detectives Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple. And there are many contemporary popular British authors of crime fiction: P.D. James, Ian Rankin, Colin Dexter.
Leading contemporary British novelist Will Selfa1, author of eleven literary novels, says the novel is dying. But I don't think there’s any need to call in Sherlock Holmes to look into this particular death just yet. Are bookshops dying out because of websites like Amazon? Not really. The British are bibliophiles and love to read in bookshops, particularly when there is a coffee bar within the store. So, are libraries completely disappearing in the UK? Well, nearly 500 libraries have closed down in the last five years. But that isn't just because of reader demand, it's also down to government cuts in public spending and the library is adapting: most now offer computer access and training as well as books for reading. Finally, 62 per cent of British parents read their children bedtime stories and none of us can see that tradition changing soon. So long live the book!
1. Why don't British people use libraries as much as they used to?| A．Because there are no coffee bars in libraries. |
| B．Because people don't read as much as in the past. |
| C．Because books are cheaper than they used to be. |
| D．Because the government cuts in public spending. |
| A．Will Selfal. | B．H.G. Wells. |
| C．P.D. James. | D．Agatha Christie. |
| A．Some murder mysteries in the UK. | B．Some famous detectives in the UK. |
| C．Some popular books in the UK. | D．Some famous authors of crime fiction. |
| A．They will become unpopular. | B．They will become more popular. |
| C．They will be replaced by computers. | D．They will stay popular. |
10 . If you are a teenager without a job, you probably do not have much extra money. Sometimes parents will give their children a weekly pocket money for doing small housework, but it is often not enough once the children grow into teenagers and want to do things with their friends all of the time. How to make money is an important thing for teens to learn. If you’re wondering how a teenager can make good money, some ideas might be.
Getting a part-time job at a local restaurant or store is always a sure way to make money as a teen. But getting a job somewhere like this might be hard, considering many jobs in local stores are being taken by adults more and more often. Babysitting is always a good way to make money as a teenager, and finding jobs as a babysitter is often easier than finding a job at a store.
Doing landscaping (绿化) is something that most adults do not like to do, and teens can usually find jobs around their neighborhood doing the landscaping of friends and family Some teens are good at something such as writing or photography. These teens can make money by doing things such as writing articles for newspapers or magazines or selling their photos online.
Teens who live in a country area can try raising their own animals such as chickens, and selling them or their products.
Looking for jobs can seem hard at first, but if you have a try, it should not be too hard to find a job or way to make money.
1. What problem do teenagers have to face when finding a job in local stores?| A．Low pay. | B．Competition with grown-ups. |
| C．Long working hours. | D．Heavy work |
| A．Getting a part-time job is hard for teens. |
| B．Most grown-ups hate doing landscaping. |
| C．Pocket money from parents is often enough for teens. |
| D．Looking after babies is easier than serving customers in a restaurant. |
| A．Babysitting. | B．Doing landscaping. |
| C．Raising animals. | D．Selling photos online. |
| A．The Necessary Skills to Make Money |
| B．How Important Is Money to a Teenager |
| C．How Can a Teenager Make Extra Money |
| D．Teenagers Should Depend on Themselves |
