1 . When Simon Cane was in the second grade, he began learning about all the ways humans have an impact on the environment and really took those classroom lessons to heart in a way that set him apart from his schoolmates at his elementary school, P. S. 81, in the Bronx. “He told me we drove too much and made too much pollution,” his dad, Jonathan Cane, told Runner’s World. So Simon convinced his parents to start hanging their clothes to dry, taking the stairs instead of elevators, and other “green” measures.
“For much of kindergarten and first grade I rode my bike to Simon’s school with him on the back,” Jonathan said. “We had a lot of fun being outdoors. We’d stop to give our dog treats and generally enjoyed it.” As Simon got bigger, though, it wasn’t practical for him to ride on his father’s back, but it also didn’t make sense to ride together — both because of safety concerns and because there was no place to put away Simon’s bike. So, most of the time they drove the 1. 5 miles to school.
But in 2019, when Simon was going into third grade, the 8-year-old came up with a new way to help the planet: running the 1. 5 miles to P. S. 81. And Jonathan promised his son he’d join him for as long as he wanted.
“We did a test run one day in August, and decided to give it a go. To be honest, I thought he’d blink (眨眼)after it got really cold or rainy, but he never did,” Jonathan said. He recalled one day when the weather was particularly bad. “It’s really raining out there today,” he told Simon. “And Simon said, ‘Well then we’re going to get wet!’ He took pride in toughing it out, and it became a really fun family routine.”
Since the start, Simon has run with his dad and their black dog, Lola, and has even inspired his mom, Nicole Sin Quee, to join in. They soon became known as “the family that runs to school”.
1. What makes Simon different from his classmates?| A．Washing his clothes by himself. | B．Taking many classes after school. |
| C．Raising strange questions in class. | D．Taking green measures to protect the environment. |
| A．By car. | B．By cycling. | C．By running. | D．By school bus. |
| A．Simon has trouble with his eyesight. | B．Simon is really stubborn and inflexible. |
| C．Simon is much tougher than expected. | D．Simon didn’t get support from his father. |
| A．The Best Way to Go to School |
| B．Father and Son Run for the Environment |
| C．A Teenager Keeps Running to Inspire Father |
| D．Three Inspiring Running Athletes to Protect the Environment |
2 . Football, to me, is more than just a game. I have probably learned more valuable lessons from it than from school.
When I joined the team freshman year, I didn’t realize what I was getting into. Even though I had been playing since fourth grade and knew it was hard work, nothing would prepare me for the effort I would put into football that year. We worked all summer in the weight room and ran on the track to get in physical and mental shape before the season.
See, football is more of a mental sport than anything else, so running on the track wasn’t only about getting in shape. We would push our minds by running as hard as we could even if we were going to pass out. At the beginning, I was immature and only thought of myself, sometimes even gave up when I was tired or hurt. Then after the third game I had a season-ending injury. Imagine working all summer and then only being able to play three games! I needed surgery on my arm and at least five months to recover.
Needless to say, I missed the rest of the season, but this actually helped me realize that since you never know when your last play will be, you should try your hardest in football and life.
After freshman year I decided that I would always give my best effort. Playing varsity football has taught me so much more than just what my assignments are on a particular play or how to block. I have learned to think about others first and realized how important working hard is. Being with all my friends, even sweating and bleeding with them, really made us bond as a group of hard-working young men who I know will succeed in life.
1. What is the main idea of the passage?| A．How the author dislikes the game of football. | B．When the author began to play football. |
| C．How the writer changed his attitude to football. | D．What sport the author likes best. |
| A．just a game | B．of a mental sport |
| C．hard to be out-of-date | D．not worth his effort |
| A．becoming healthy | B．designing the playground |
| C．losing weight | D．measuring the track |
| A．the author joined the football team with a clear aim |
| B．football only brought the author certain assignments |
| C．the author never lost heart when he met with difficulty |
| D．the author worked all summer to get ready for the season |
3 . Want to stay away from colds? Put on a happy face.
Compared to unhappy people, those who are cheerful and relaxed are less likely to suffer from（遭受）colds, according to a new study. It’s possible that being happy helps the body fight illnesses, say the researchers from New York University.
“It seems that positive（积极的）feelings may reduce the danger of illness,” said the study’s chief researcher Sheldon Cohen.
In an earlier study, Cohen found that people who were cheerful and lively caught cough sand colds less often. People who showed feelings were also less likely to tell their doctors that they felt ill.
In this study, Cohen’s interviewed 193 adults every day for two weeks. During the interviews, the people told researchers about the happy or sad feelings they had that day. After the two weeks, the people were given colds by doctors and had to stay alone in a room for six days.
The results showed that everyone in the study was equally likely to get ill. But for people who said they felt happy during the research period, their illness are less serious and lasted for a shorter time.
Cohen believes that when people experience positive feelings, their body may produce a chemical that helps fight illness and disease. So if you are worried about your health, look on the bright side more often.
1. Which of the following was NOT a part of the study?| A．People talked about their feelings every day. |
| B．People were kept alone for six days. |
| C．People were given colds by doctors. |
| D．People were made to feel unhappy. |
| A．People who felt happy never got ill. |
| B．People’s feelings didn’t influence their health. |
| C．People with good feelings became ill more easily. |
| D．People with positive feelings had less serious illnesses. |
| A．advertisement | B．report | C．story | D．scientist’s diary |
4 . On a trip to the forests of southern India, amateur photographer Kaushik Vijayan was shocked to see some massive rodents（啮齿动物），who are maroon（紫褐色），leaping from treetop to treetop.
Vijayan uploaded the images of the four-pound rodents to Instagram, and the Internet went crazy immediately. Some had a difficult time believing that the squirrels, photographed in the Pathanamthitta District of Kerala, actually exist, thanks to the animals' bright spots of black and maroon.
But the Indian giant（巨大的）squirrel, also known as the Malabar giant squirrel, is the real deal. Believe it or not, it is not alone. There are three other giants in the squirrel family, Sciuridae-each of which weighs in at two to three times the size of the gray squirrels native to the eastern United States.
＂The four species that make up this group are fascinating in their large size, brilliant coloration, and tendency for feeding on some of the massive tropical fruits on the trees, "says Koprowski.
Even among its relatives, the Indian giant squirrel stands out with its bright colors, which makes one wonder why its evolution would select fur. That would call so much attention to itself. After all, these forests are also home to predators such as lion-tailed macaques, leopards, and crested serpent eagles-all of which have been known to hunt rodents.
No one knows for sure, says Koprowski, but the squirrel's purple patterns may serve as a way to hide the animal itself. This is because the broadleaf forests these squirrels inhabit create a pattern of sun spots and shaded areas-not unlike the rodents' markings.
In other words, what looks flashy and fun to us in an Instagram post may make the squirrels disappear when hungry mouths come to hunt. Now that's a common trick.
1. How did people feel after seeing the Malabar giant squirrel's images?| A．Nervous. | B．Incredible. | C．Embarrassed. | D．Sorrowful. |
| A．Its size. | B．Its habitat. | C．Its color. | D．Its lifestyle. |
| A．To show itself off. |
| B．To protect itself. |
| C．To drive other animals away. |
| D．To compete with its companions. |
| A．Human beings. |
| B．Rodents' hunting. |
| C．The Instagram post. |
| D．The broadleaf forests. |
5 . The Chinese word "Shanzhai" means a small mountain village, but it becomes an accepted name for fakes (假货), after "Shanzhai Cell-phones" produced by small workshops in southern China became popular in the mainland market over the past two years. Now besides "Shanzhai" electronic products, there are "Shanzhai" movies, "Shanzhai" stars and even a "Shanzhai" Sprin Festival Gala, a copy of the 25-year-old traditional show presented by CCTV on Chinese Lunar New Year's Eve.
"Shanzhai" has become a culture of its own, meaning anything that imitates something famous. In Chongqing, "Shanzhai" version "Bird's Nest（鸟巢）" and "Water Cube（水立方）" woven by farmers with bamboo attract(吸引) wide attention from tourists. Both are copies of the famous Olympic buildings in Beijing.
A literature critic said that taking the "Shanzhai" Gala as an example, when the traditional CCTV program becomes less and less attractive to the audience, the "Shanzhai" version appears timely to attract people. "Although it is often connected with poor techniques and operation, 'Shanzhai' culture meets the psychological needs of common people and could be a comfort to their minds," he said.
To the mainstream（主流） culture, the rise of "Shanzhai" culture is a challenge and a motivation（推动）. People believe different kinds of cultures developing together is a perfect way and it is for the public to choose.
1. The Chinese word "Shanzhai" may have started with_______.| A．electronic products | B．fake(假的) cell-phones |
| C．Spring Festival Gala | D．Olympic buildings |
| A．anything that are copies of something famous |
| B．products with poor techniques and quality |
| C．the action that a person imitates famous people |
| D．those similar names to famous brands |
| A．is stopped by "Shanzhai" culture |
| B．is the challenge of"Shanzhai" culture |
| C．may develop faster because of the challenge of "Shanzhai" culture |
| D．will be replaced by "Shanzhai" culture |
| A．偷窃 | B．做广告 |
| C．仿造 | D．欺骗 |
6 . Smart phones have been blamed for everything from taking drivers' attention from driving to keeping people on the sofa scrolling（滚屏）videos. But the smart phone that seems to be everywhere could just easily increase physical activity if it pushes its owner's buttons in the right way.
New research shows that making social connections（人际关系）through activity-tracking apps gets people to move more. And another study on the "Pokemon Go" phenomenon shows that the smart phone games got players to take thousands more steps than usual. Together, the studies show the potential（潜在性）of smart phones to push a range of people to be more active.
People who linked with friends on the activity-tracking app increase their steps by 400 a day on average, compared with people who made no social connections, according to Tim Althoff and two other computer scientists at Stanford University. Such opinions show the possibilities of smart phones and games to help with one of the most stubborn public health problems-that even people who want to be active have trouble staying active.
An NBA videogame, for example, will give players extra powers in the game if they reach a step goal in real life. The app "Zomies, Run! " uses audio stories to push people to run more.
Still, there is room for growth: Only about 4% of all health apps use "gamification", such as point-scoring or competition, according to a study published in October in BMJ Open." Gamification is actually quite closely linked with behavior change techniques, " says Dr. Elizabeth Ann Edwards, the study's lead author.
1. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 probably mean?| A．Impress successfully. | B．List completely. |
| C．Direct professionally. | D．Function properly. |
| A．By listing some research results. | B．By raising some potential questions. |
| C．By analyzing some health problems. | D．By explaining some social connections. |
| A．People who play smart phone games. | B．People who watch videos on the sofa. |
| C．People who make no social connections. | D．People who have trouble staying active. |
| A．To summarize the previous paragraphs. | B．To provide some advice for the readers. |
| C．To introduce a new topic for discussion. | D．To add more information about the topic. |
7 . Advertising is an audio or visual form of marketing communication that employs an openly sponsored, non-personal message to promote or sell a product, a service or an idea. Sponsors of advertising are often businessmen who wish to promote their products or services. Advertising is different from public relations since an advertiser usually pays for and has control over the message. It is different from personal selling since the message is non-personal, i.e. not directed to a particular individual.
Advertising is communicated through various mass media, including old media such as newspapers, magazines, television, radio, outdoor advertising or direct mail; or new media such as search results, blogs, websites or text messages. The actual presentation of the message in a medium is referred to as an advertisement or “ad”．
Commercial ads often seek to increase consumption of products or services through “branding”, which associates a product name or image with certain qualities in the minds of consumers. Noncommercial advertisers who spend money in advertising items other than a consumer product or service include political parties, interest groups, religious organizations and governmental agencies. Non-profit organizations may use free modes of persuasion, such as a public service announcement. Advertising may also be used to reassure employees or shareholders that the company is successful.
Modern advertising was created with the techniques, with tobacco advertising in the 1920s.The most significant example was the campaigns of Edward Bernays, considered the founder of modern“Madison Avenue” advertising.
In 2015, the world spent an estimate of $ 529.43 billion on advertising.Its projected distribution for 2017 is 40.4% on TV,33.3% on digital,9% on newspapers,6.9% on magazines,5.8% on outdoor activities and 4.3% on radio. Internationally , the largest “big four” advertising conglomerates are IPG, Omnicom, Publicis Groupe, and WPP.
1. In what way does advertising differ from public relations?| A．Advertisers pay for and are in charge of the message. |
| B．Messages advertised are non-profit. |
| C．Advertising is communicated through various mass media. |
| D．Advertising is used to reassure employees or shareholders. |
| A．direct mail | B．Television | C．websites | D．newspapers |
| A．Profits. | B．Popularity. | C．Consumers. | D．Brands. |
| A．businessmen | B．companies | C．stores | D．organizers |
8 . Israeli researchers say they have invented a reusable face mask that can kill the coronavirus with heat by drawing power from a mobile phone charger.
The disinfecting(消毒)process takes about half an hour-and users should not wear the mask while it is plugged in, said Professor Yair Ein-Eli, who led the research team at Technion University in Haifa. TI new mask has a USB port that connects to a power source such as a standard cellphone charger that heats an inner layer of carbon fibres to 70 degrees Celsius, high enough to kill viruses.
Ein-Eli said disposable masks, in high demand globally during the health crisis, were not economically or environmentally friendly. “This is our solution,” he said.
Professor Allon Moses, an infectious diseases expert at Jerusalem’s Hadassah Medical Center, said there was “no question” that a half hour’s exposure to 70-degree heat would kill the coronavirus. But he cautioned that repeated heating could “damage the masks paper or fabric and spoil its ability to protect from diseases in the future.”
During testing, the prototype was exposed to 20 heating cycles, each for half an hour, with no damage on durability, Ein-Eli said. “We can guarantee it up to a few dozen cycles, without any risk,” he added.
The prototype looks like a standard N95 face mask, with a valve(阀) at the front and bands to hold it in place around the head. The researchers submitted a patent for the mask in the United States in late March and say they are discussing commercializing the product with the private sector. It will likely sell at a $ l premium over the price of a typical disposable face mask, the researchers say.
1. How long does the disinfecting process usually take?| A．Around 20 minutes. | B．around 30 minutes. |
| C．Around 60 minutes. | D．Around 70 minutes. |
| A．To kill viruses thoroughly. | B．To spread a novel idea. |
| C．To replace the traditional ones. | D．To make reusable and friendly ones. |
| A．The reusable face masks were unhealthy. |
| B．70-degree heat would hurt people in a way. |
| C．The cost of reusable face masks may be high. |
| D．The function of mask to prevent diseases was ruined. |
| A．Fine. | B．Extra. | C．Currency. | D．Face value. |
9 . The very wealthy English Baron Fitzgerald had only one child, a son, who understandably was the apple of his eye. His wife died when the child was in his early teens. So Fitzgerald devoted himself to fathering the kid. Unluckily the son died in his late teens.
Meanwhile, Fitzgerald’s wealth greatly increased. He spent a lot on art works of the masters.
Later Fitzgerald himself became seriously ill. Before his death, he had carefully prepared his will as to how his wealth would be settled—to sell his entire collection at an auction.
Because of the large quantity and high quality of his collection, a huge crowd of possible buyers gathered for the auction. Many of them were museum directors and private collectors eager to bid. Before the auction, the art works were shown, among which was a painting of Fitzgerald’s son by an unknown artist. Because of its poor quality, it received little attention.
When it was time for the auction, the auctioneer gaveled the crowd to attention. First the lawyer read from Fitzgerald’s will that the first art work to be auctioned was the painting of his son.
The poor-quality painting didn’t receive any bidders... except one — the old servant who had served the son and loved him, and who for emotional reasons offered the only bid.
As soon as the servant bought the painting for less than one English pound, the auctioneer stopped the bidding and asked the lawyer to read again from the will. The crowd became quiet, and the lawyer read from the will, “Whoever buys the painting of my son gets all my collection.” Then the auction was over.
1. The English Baron Fitzgerald was________.| A．a museum director | B．a master of art |
| C．an art collector | D．an artist |
| A．He served Fitzgerald’s son and loved him. | B．He saw that no one bid for it. |
| C．He knew the content of the will. | D．He found it cheap for him to buy |
| A．Proud. | B．Kind. | C．Foolish. | D．Clever. |
| A．The Auction | B．The Painting of the Son |
| C．The Servant at the Auction | D．One Painting for All |
10 . A review of 100 years of fossil evidence reveals that 100 million years ago part of the Sahara Desert was arguably the riskiest place on our planet,wih a concentration of large predatory(食肉的）dinosaurs unmatched in any comparable modern ecosystem on land. The analysis of fossils from theso-called Kem Kem beds shows the presence in the area of large-scale predatory dinosaurs,reptiles and other hunters, all living together in what was at the time a river system full of very large fish, rather than a desert.
Paleontologist Nizar Ibrahim, lead author of the study, said that the Kem Kem ecosystem was a highly enigmatic place,ecologically speaking, since typically ecosystems present a larger number of plant-eating animals than predators, and predators themselves will come in a variety of sizes,with one larger predator being dominant. In the Kem Kem beds,fossils of predators outnumber those of plant-eating dinosaurs, and several of the predators living together in the area, such as the Carcharodontosaurus, the Spinosaurus,the Abelisaur and the Deltadromeus, were as big as a Tyrannosaurus rex (T.rex) - one of the largest dinosaurs that ever lived. This is strange “even by dinosaur standards,” according to Ibrahim, since the T. rex, which was present in North America tens of millions of years later, was “the unarguable ruler of its ancient ecosystem.”
It is unlikely that the large predators in the Kem Kem ecosystem ate one another. What's more realistic, according to Ibrahim, is that they ate the abundant and supersized fish present in the area - fish like coelacanths"the size of a car” and sawfish that could reach 25 feet in length.
The study of the Kem Kem beds carried out by Ibrahim and a group of international researchers across the U.S., Europe and Africa draws attention to the importance of learning more about Africa,which remains paleontology's forgotten continent.It shows that African ecosystems"do not simply copy the ones we know from North America,Europe or other better-known places,"and it also reveals clues about what happens to life when dramatic changes in climate come into play.
1. What does the underlined word “enigmatic" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?| A．Dangerous. |
| B．Peaceful. |
| C．Puzzling. |
| D．Remote. |
| A．The T.rex was the real ruler of the ecosystem. |
| B．There once lived dangerous supersized dinosaurs. |
| C．There was an underground river instead of a desert. |
| D．The number of plant-eating dinosaurs went beyond that of predators. |
| A．Sawfish once completely dominated North America. |
| B．Coelacanths were much larger than the Deltadromeus. |
| C．The Carcharodontosaurus and the Spinosaurus lived on fish. |
| D．The Abelisaur and the T. rex became extinct at the same time. |
| A．African ecosystems have their uniqueness. |
| B．Humans have caused great changes in climate. |
| C．Fossils of predators proved to be alien species. |
| D．The Sahara Desert was formed 100 million years ago. |
