1 . Who're happier, men or women?Research shows it's a complex question and that asking whether males or females are happier isn't really that helpful, because basically, happiness is different for women and men.
Women's happiness has been declining for the past 30 years, according to recent statistics.And research shows that women are twice as likely to experience depression compared with men.Gender（性别） differences in depression are well confirmed and studies have found that biological, psychological and social factors contribute to the difference.
Early studies on gender and happiness found men and women were socialized to express different feelings.Women are more likely to express happiness, warmth and fear, which help with social bonding and appear more consistent with the traditional role as a primary caregiver, while men display more anger, pride and disrespect, which are more consistent with a protector and provider role.
Recent research suggests that these differences are not just socially, but also genetically related.Studies have looked into these findings further and discovered that females use more areas of the brain containing mirror neurons（镜像神经元）than males when they process feelings.Mirror neurons allow us to experience the world from other people's view, to understand their actions and intentions.This may explain why women can experience deeper sadness.Women tend to experience more negative feelings, such as more guilt, shame and to a lesser degree, embarrassment.
Psychologically it seems men and women differ in the way they process and express feelings.With the exception of anger, women experience feelings more strongly and share their feelings more openly with others.Studies have found in particular that women express more appreciation﹣which has been linked to greater happiness.This supports the theory that women's happiness is more dependent on relationships than men's.
1. Which feeling are men more likely to show compared with women?| A．Warmth. |
| B．Depression. |
| C．Happiness. |
| D．Disrespect. |
| A．Psychological factors. |
| B．Biological factors. |
| C．Educational factors. |
| D．Social factors. |
| A．a science fiction |
| B．a culture brochure |
| C．a nursery guide |
| D．a health magazine |
| A．Men and women differ in biology and psychology. |
| B．Men and women experience happiness differently. |
| C．Social roles have a great effect on men and women. |
| D．Women's happiness has declined in the past years. |
2 . If documentary A Bite of China presented a feast for the eyes with its appetizing images of cuisines from around the country, Aerial China, a new series that was put on CCTV on Jan. 28, offers another visual treat with its footage (镜头) of the breathtaking beauty of the country's natural landscapes.
The series has 34 episodes, each featuring a different place. The first season's episodes feature scenery from Heilongjiang, Hainan, Xinjiang, Shaanxi, Shanghai and Jiangxi. According to Beijing Daily , it took one year to film the first season, with crew using 16 helicopters and 57 drones. The total distance they covered was about 150,000 kilometers - enough to circle the earth four times.
Their efforts have paid off, however. Aerial China currently has a score of 9.4 points out of 10 on douban. com, an influential rating and review website. The majority of viewers are impressed by the amazing view of nature the show presents. From the gleaming blue of the South China Sea to the vast grassland in Xinjiang, from centuries-old city walls in Shaanxi to busy ski resorts in Heilongjiang, "every frame of this show would make a desktop wall paper," commented Beijing Daily.
But amazing views are not the only thing Aerial China wants to show to the audience. " Every footage conveys the love of our motherland," chief director Yu Le said in an interview with CCTV. “The more you know about the place where we live, the more you feel obliged to protect it. " Yu also hopes that it can bring viewers some food for thought. "It allows audiences to see the world from above with brand new perspectives. It may occur to the audience that human beings are very tiny creatures in the universe and our life is very fleeting (短暂),so we should not dwell on the worries and losses. Just think outside the routine - you'll find an enriched life."
1. What subject does Aerial China deal with?| A．Chinese cuisine. | B．Natural scenery. |
| C．Chinese festivals. | D．Geographic features. |
| A．Reviews on Aerial China from media were critical. |
| B．The crew circled the earth four times to film Aerial China. |
| C．It took a lot of money and efforts to produce Aerial China. |
| D．Most audiences were impressed by an enriched life in the show. |
| A．Lifestyle. | B．National News. | C．Culture. | D．Natural Heritage. |
| A．To present views of China from above. |
| B．To reveal audience's love of our country. |
| C．To advise readers to live an enriched life. |
| D．To attract readers to a TV documentary. |
3 . Young trees don’t just grow; they develop a personality and learn more about their environment and how they should best behave in it. They also help each other out whenever there’s trouble.
Personality, just as among people, varies among trees. Some are anxious, some bold. On the author’s land, there are three oak trees growing close together. One of the oak trees always starts to shed its leaves two weeks earlier than the others. Since they all experience the same temperature, the same soil and the same length of day, such variables can’t be the explanation. So what’s happening? Well, this tree is simply more careful than the others. Whoever holds on to their leaves longer can do more photosynthesis(光合作用) and store more nutrients. However, the longer a tree keeps its leaves, the higher the risk of injury.
Not only do trees make their own decisions, they also learn from their mistakes. A tree, for example, keeping its leaves too long during one year will never make this mistake again. This leads to several other conclusions:trees must notice the temperature and the length of the day and be able to save their experiences somewhere. Obviously, trees don’t have brains, but it is thought that in the sensitive tips of their roots they keep track of information and experiences.
But trees aren’t only clever when it comes to caring for themselves. They also support each other whenever there’s trouble by giving warnings and even taking care of sick and weak conspecifics with nutrients. For example, one time the author found a very old tree stump. Its insides had rotted a long time ago to topsoil. But the wood on the outside of the stump was still living. How was this possible? Well, the stump was nourished by its neighbors with nutrients from the root system, and had been for at least 400 years!
Why do trees do such a thing？It’s simple: it’s better together. Trees need the forest; it protects them from storms, provides the right microclimate and warns them of attacks.
1. Why does the author mention the three oak trees?| A．To illustrate trees can learn from experiences. |
| B．To show trees can make independent decisions. |
| C．To explain trees are quite supportive to each other. |
| D．To prove trees have the same personalities as humans. |
| A．Anxious and bold. |
| B．Smart and adventurous. |
| C．Helpful and wellbehaved. |
| D．Adaptable and supportive. |
| A．Give warnings. | B．Offer assistance. |
| C．Depend on others. | D．Provide nutrients. |
| A．A public lecture. | B．A science book. |
| C．An experiment report. | D．A travel journal. |
With its dry season stretching from November to April, there are few more reliable destinations for a sunny escape than Phuket in winter. Thailand's biggest island is a holiday icon, starting as a backpacker get-away and now a mainstream favorite. Besides blue water, fine beaches, palm trees and massage, the sunsets from Phromthep Cape at the southern tip are marvelous.
Sicily, Italy
Winter in Sicily means fewer crowds, bright blue skies, and almond trees in full bloom. It also means you'll have the island's stunning Baroque towns and extraordinary archeological (考古学的) sites all to yourself and that you'll be able to ski on Mount Etna, indulge in delicious cuisine, and enjoy beautiful Taormina at its most relaxed.
Xishuangbanna, China
Xishuangbanna in Yunnan province is one of the most-visited spots in China. As the country's only tropical rainforest nature reserve, it has surprising biological diversity. The climate is humid and warm here, and the temperature gap between the coldest month and the hottest month is only 10 degrees Celsius, which makes it one of the ideal places to enjoy pleasant temperatures during the cold months.
Quy Nho'n, Vietnam
Sitting between the busy coastal cities of Nha Trang and Hoi An, Quy Nho'n is a relatively unknown, quiet beach town. The intense resort development seen in the country's more popular seaside locations has yet to reach this region, making for a perfect place for a relaxed getaway. Besides fresh seafood, there lies a pretty cove beach around a dozen kilometers south of Quy Nho'n, where there is a collection of fine hotels popular with independent travelers.
Alaska, the United States
Alaska has a natural landscape that seems at times untouched by humanity. Anchorage, the state's largest city, has the typical Iditarod Dog Race, which alone is worth a trip to see. Head over to the city of Fairbanks, to witness the amazing spectacle of Northern Lights and to take a dogsled tour. Don't forget to explore the incredible Mendenhall Ice Caves, located near the capital of Alaska, Juneau.
1. If you are interested in ancient places, you can go to .| A．Phuket | B．Sicily |
| C．Xishuangbanna | D．Quy Nho'n |
| A．blue water and fine beaches | B．pleasant temperatures |
| C．Northern Lights | D．delicious cuisine |
| A．there are a good many people in Sicily in winter |
| B．Xishuangbanna is the most-visited spot in China |
| C．Phuket is the biggest island in Vietnam |
| D．Quy Nho'n hasn't highly developed |
| A．Travelling. | B．Finance. |
| C．Sports. | D．Transportation. |
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Synopsis（梗概）：
“Lydia is dead. But they don't know this yet... ” So begins the , story of this novel, about a Chinese American family living in 1970s small-town Ohio. Lydia is the favorite child of Marilyn and James Lee; their middle- daughter, a girl who inherited her mother's bright blue eye and her father's jet-black hair. Her parents are determined that Lydia will fulfill the dreams they were unable to pursue----in Marilyn's case that her daughter should become a doctor rather than a homemaker, in James's case that Lydia should be popular at school, a girl with a busy social life and the center of every party.
When Lydia's body is found in the local lake, the balancing act that has been keeping the Lee family together falls into chaos, forcing them to confront the long-kept secrets that have been slowly pulling them apart. James, consumed by guilt, sets out on a reckless path that may destroy his marriage. Marilyn, is determined to find a responsible party, no matter what the cost is. Lydia's older brother, Nathan, is certain that the neighborhood bad boy Jack is somehow involved. But it's the youngest of the family--- Hannab who observes far more than anyone realizes and who may be the only one who knows the truth about what happened.
A profoundly moving story of family, history, and the meaning of home, Everything I Never Told You is both a good page-turner and a sensitive family portrait, exploring the divisions between cultures and the conflicts within a family, and uncovering the ways in which mothers and daughters, fathers and sons, and husbands and wives struggle, all their lives, to understand one another.
1. What type of writing is this passage?| A．An exhibition guide. | B．An announcement |
| C．A book review. | D．An advertisement |
| A．Four. | B．Five. |
| C．Six. | D．Seven. |
| A．James wants his daughter to be a homemaker. |
| B．In Hannah's eyes, Jack is actually the real killer. |
| C．Lydia takes on the high expectations of the family. |
| D．The family always live in harmony with each other. |
6 . NASA’s Curiosity vehicle recently recorded the largest level of methane(甲烷) ever measured during its seven-year Mars mission. The discovery is exciting because the existence of methane gas could support the case for life on Mars.
Methane has no color or smell. A special instrument on Curiosity’s Mars Science Laboratory recorded the increased gas level. The device, called a laser spectrometer, measures levels of chemical elements and gases in the Martian atmosphere. In addition to methane, the instrument can record levels of water and CO2. Nearly all the methane gas found in Earth’s atmosphere is produced by biological activity. It usually comes from animal and plant life. But it can also be formed by geological(地质的) processes, such as interactions between rocks and water. NASA said the increased methane was measured to be about 21 parts per billion by volume (ppbv). One ppbv means that if you take a volume of air on Mars, one billionth of the volume of air is methane.
It was not the first time Curiosity has found methane gas in the Martian atmosphere. About a year ago, NASA announced that Curiosity had discovered sharp seasonal increases in the gas. This time, NASA said the measured methane gas level was clearly larger than any others observed in the past. NASA officials even temporarily stopped Curiosity’s other activities to investigate further.
“It’s exciting because microbial(微生物的) life is an important source of methane on Earth,” NASA said in a statement announcing the discovery. However, Curiosity’s team carried out a follow-up methane experiment that showed a sharp drop in levels of the gas. The second examination found the level was less than one part per billion by volume. That number was close to the background levels Curiosity sees all the time. The rise and fall of the methane gas levels left NASA scientists with more questions than answers. The scientists are continuing to study possible causes for the sudden increase. The methane mystery continues.
Curiosity does not have instruments that can exactly identify whether the source of the methane is biological or geological. One leading theory is that methane is being released from underground areas created by possible life forms that disappeared long ago. Even though Mars has no active volcanoes, scientists believe it is also possible that methane is being produced by reactions involving carbon materials and water.
A clearer understanding of methane levels over time could help scientists determine where they’re located on Mars. Scientists hope this understanding will come as Curiosity continues to collect methane data in its search for possible life.
1. Curiosity discovered.| A．the largest methane gas level ever observed on Mars |
| B．the existence of life on Mars |
| C．the reason for the increased methane |
| D．interactions between rocks and water |
| A．To further examine the methane gas level on Mars. |
| B．To seek possible life existing on Mars. |
| C．To check the quality of Curiosity’s mission. |
| D．To find seasonal increases in the methane gas. |
| A．Causes for the change of methane have been proved by Curiosity. |
| B．Curiosity has proved the location of methane by instruments. |
| C．Scientists think reactions involving carbon materials and water may produce methane. |
| D．Identifying the source of methane has helped scientists search for possible life on Mars. |
| A．a geography textbook | B．a science newspaper |
| C．a health magazine | D．a travel brochure |
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1. From the passage above we know what appears in Readers Digest is ______.| A．inspiring and practical | B．educational and theoretical |
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