1 . This is not a diet. It’s a simple way to lose weight. And you don’t even have to give up the food you love or join a gym. It’s about balancing calories in tiny ways that add up to big benefits. You just form some habits that lean people have. Stick with them, and you’ll become thin.
(1)Wake-up
When you wake up in the morning, sit up slowly without using your hands. With legs straight out, bend forward until you feel sore in your back. It will burn about 10 calories(卡路里).
(2)Start with soup
When you have a meal, order a clear soup, and have it before having the main food. In this way, you’ll feel fuller, so you’ll eat less when the main food comes.
(3)An apple(or more)a day
Apples are full of fibre（纤维）and water, so your stomach will want less. The study shows that people who eat at least three apples a day lose weight.
(4)Stand up and walk around
Every time you use the mobile phone, stand up and walk around. Heavy people sit on average two and a half hours more each day than thin people. This skill is very important as standing up and walking around will burn 50 or more calories.
Use these skills, and you will have a big weight loss.
1. What’s the purpose of this passage?| A．To tell people how to enjoy a better life. | B．To advise people to eat apples every day. |
| C．To give some tips on how to lose weight. | D．To advise people to get rid of bad habits. |
| A．Light. | B．Pretty. | C．Thin. | D．Healthy. |
| A．getting up without using your hands helps burn calories |
| B．eating apples every day is good for people’s health |
| C．it’s good to walk around while talking on the phone |
| D．you have to join a gym if you want to lose weight |
| A．Medicine. | B．Health. | C．Family. | D．Teaching. |
2 . There is an English saying: “Laughter is best medicine.” Until recently, few people took the saying seriously. Now, however, doctors have begun to look into laughter and the effects it has on the human body. They have found that laughter really can improve people’s health.
Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body. People watched funny films while doctors checked their heart, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was found that laughter has similar effects to physical exercises. It increases blood pressure, the heart beating and breathing. It also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach, and even the feet. If laughter exercises the body, it must be beneficial.
Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body. In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programs. The group that tolerated(忍受) the pain for the longest time was the groups which listened to a funny program. The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemicals in the brain which diminish both stress and pain.
As a result of these discoveries, some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics, in which they help to improve their patients’ condition by encouraging them to laugh. They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce beneficial(有益的) effects similar to those who are caused by laughter.
1. The main idea of the passage is ________.| A．laughter and physical exercises have similar effects. |
| B．smile can produce the same effects as laughter |
| C．pain can be reduced by laughter |
| D．laughter is best medicine |
| A．test | B．stop | C．decrease | D．increase |
| A．to give better condition to their patients |
| B．in order to improve patients’ health |
| C．to make patients smile all the time |
| D．to prove smile and laughter have the same effect |
3 . On January 1, the Canadian city of Montreal is set to ban（禁止） the horse-drawn carriages on the street. Jean-Francois Parenteau, a spokesman for the city of Montreal, said "It is a tradition that has long been appreciated. But today, I think it is time to move on." He added that it is important for the city to "care about animals".
His speech was welcomed by Galahad, an organization that seeks to protect horses and had cam paigned（发起……运动） for the ban. Its founder, Chamie Angie Cadorette, said the horses faced hard working conditions.
"It is not just an hour a day. It is eight hours a day to go up and down the roads in traffic. The carriage owners are treating their animals very badly," she said.
"They say the animals are being abused. Prove it," said carriage business operator Luc Desparois. His company, which has 15 horses and employs 15 carriage drivers, recently led a legal battle against the ban and failed.
Nathalie Matte, another carriage operator in the city, said that the carriages had become an important part of Montreal's culture over the years. "They have been around since Montreal started and many people are clearly drawn to the beauty of the horses," he said.
Mujtaba Ali was visiting Montreal while traveling through Canada. "It's a special way to see the city rather than just taking the bus or the subway," he said.
After being pressured by animal rights groups for years, at first the city government had tried to satisfy the animal activists by banning the horses from the streets when summer temperatures rose. But they kept pushing for a total ban. A turning point happened in 2018 when a horse died on the street while pulling a carriage. The incident forced Montreal Mayor Valerie Plante to support the removal of horse-drawn carriages from the city. The ban is expected to put about 50 carriage operators and their horses out of work.
1. The latest law requires that| A．the horses be taken better care of |
| B．the carriage operators work shorter hours |
| C．the horses can only pull the carriages on cool days |
| D．the horse-drawn carriages shouldn't be allowed in the streets |
| A．Well trained. | B．Nicely fed. |
| C．Unfairly punished. | D．Cruelly treated. |
| A．The bad treatment of the horses by the tourists. |
| B．The government's support to remove the horses. |
| C．The sudden death of a working horse on the street. |
| D．The traffic problems caused by the horses in the city. |
| A．It is the best attraction. | B．It is a long-time tradition. |
| C．It is an important industry for the city. | D．It is the only way to see the city. |
4 . Doctors in hospital emergency rooms often see accidental poisonings. A frightened parent arrives with a child who swallowed a cleaning liquid. Or perhaps the harmful substance is a medicine. Or it might be a chemical product meant to kill insects. These are common causes of accidental poisoning.
In cases like this, seek medical help as soon as possible. Save the container of whatever caused the poisoning. And look on the container for information about anything that stops the effects of the poison. Save anything expelled from the mouth of the victim. That way, doctors can examine it.
Millions of people know a way to save a person who is choking on something trapped in the throat. The method is commonly known as the Heimlich Maneuver or abdominal thrusts(腹部按压), which you can do by getting directly behind a sitting or standing person. Put your arms around the victim’s waist. Close one hand to form a ball. Place it over the upper part of the stomach, below the ribs. Place the other hand on top. Then push forcefully inward and upward. Repeat the abdominal thrusts until the object is expelled from the mouth. For someone who is pregnant or very fat, place your hands a little higher than with normal abdominal thrusts.
Red Cross experts say taking these steps can save many lives. But they also warn that abdominal thrusts are not for people who have almost drowned. They say use of the method could delay other ways to re-start breathing in the victim. Abdominal thrusts should be used only in cases where a near-drowning victim is choking on an object.
To learn more about first aid, ask a hospital or organization like a Red Cross or Red Crescent Society for information. There may be training classes offered in your area.
1. According to the first paragraph, which of the following is NOT the common cause of accidental poisonings?| A．A harmful medicine |
| B．A cleaning liquid |
| C．Poisonous insects |
| D．Dangerous pesticide(杀虫剂) |
| A．coming out | B．taking up |
| C．going away | D．getting down |
| A．Because people are unwilling to attempt rescue efforts |
| B．Because it is hard to perform |
| C．Because it is no need to do so |
| D．Because it could hold up other ways to re-start breathing in the victim |
| A．To promote medical research |
| B．To share some knowledge about first aid |
| C．To show how to perform abdominal thrusts |
| D．To help people deal with accidental poisoning |
5 . PENRICE
COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Cornwall County Counicl
We Need Two
ASSISANT HEADTEACHERS
From January 2006
L13—17(£44,703—£49,314)
Penrice Community College is a highly regarded and successful 11-16 specialist languages college. Following the recent appointment of a new headteacher we’re restructuring the leadership team to create two new roles.
One post will involve leading teaching teams with responsibility for developing curricula(课程) and time-tabling.
The other post will be leading student based teams and responsibility for student learing outcomes and the removal of barriers to student success such as poor attendance or disaffection.
Penrice Community College is:
A school with 1,350 wonderful students
High achieving with results well above average
Mentioned twice in HMCl’s outstanding schools list
A British Council International School
Situated in a beautiful part of mid-Cornwall
All enquires for information and application packs should be made to Danielle Eyres on 01726—72613 or at secretary@penricornmvall .sch.uk
Closing date for applications is Tuesday October 4th at noon. Interviews will be held on Monday 17th and Tuesday 18th October 2015.
1. The underlined word “restructuring’ probably means ________.| A．formally telling sb to do | B．Joining the two parts together |
| C．rebuilding sth and making it work again | D．extending the size of sth |
| A．introduce the advantages of a school | B．report the appointment of a new head teacher |
| C．call on more students to go to school | D．advertise for new assistant headteachers |
| A．stop students missing classes | B．get students interested in learning |
| C．lead students-based teams | D．arrange new curricula |
| A．an educational organization | B．a school leader |
| C．a political party | D．a news reporter |
6 . Where Does the Garbage Go?
When you throw something in the dustbin soon a garbage truck will come to take it away. Then where does it go? That depends on where you live. Different towns deal with rubbish in different ways.
Recycling
A recycling truck picks up paper, cardboard, metal, plastic, and glass. These go to the recycling plant to be sorted and made into new things.
Incinerator
An incinerator is a huge furnace that burns rubbish to make heat and electricity. The ash that's left gets buried in a landfill. Rubbish ash can be harmful, so it has to be stored carefully. But it takes up a lot less room than just plain rubbish.
Compost（堆肥）
Food waste might go to a composter. In a compost heap（堆）, bacteria and worms break down dead plants and old food. They turn it into good, rich soil. Some people keep compost heaps in their gardens. Big commercial composters handle waste from restaurants and farms.
Landfill
Some rubbish gets buried in landfills. A landfill starts as a big hole. Trucks dump rubbish. Big earth movers push it into place and crush it down. They cover the rubbish with dirt to keep scavengers（食腐动物, 拾荒者）away. The bottom of a landfill is lined with a barrier to keep bad things from leaking（渗透）into the ground. Pipes carry away liquid.
Microbes that eat rubbish make methane gas. Landfills have openings to let the gas out so it doesn't explode. Some gain the methane. They use it to fuel garbage trucks or make electricity.
When the landfill is full, it's covered with earth. It might become a park.
1. Where should the rubbish be sent to in order to make it into new things?| A．The cycling plants | B．The recycling trucks. |
| C．The compost heaps. | D．The Commercial composters. |
| A．A room. | B．A container. | C．A factory. | D．A wasteland. |
| A．To let the microbes in. | B．To carry away liquid. |
| C．To keep bad things from leaking. | D．To avoid the explosion of the methane gas. |
7 . An artificial intelligence that navigates(导航) its environment much like mammals could help solve a mystery about our own internal GPS.
Equipped with virtual versions of specialized brain nerve cells called grid cells, the AI could easily solve and plan new routes through virtual mazes. That performance, described online May 9 in Nature, suggests the grid cells in animal brains play a critical role in path planning.
“This is a big step forward in understanding our own navigational neural circuitry(电路),” says Ingmar Kanitscheider, a computational neuroscientist at. The University of Texas at Austin not involved in the work. The discovery that rats track their location with the help of grid cells earned a Norwegian research team the 2014 Nobel Prize in physiology to medicine. Neuroscientists suspected these cells, which have also been found in humans, might help not only give mammals an internal. coordinate(协同) system, but also plan direct paths between points.
To test that idea, neuroscientist Caswell Barry at University College London, along with colleagues at Google DeepMind, created an AI that contained virtual nerve cells, or neurons, whose activity resembled that of real grid cells. The researchers trained this AI to navigate virtual mazes by giving the system reward signals when it reached its destination.
The AI bested a human expert player at solving the virtual mazes, and proved savvier than other artificial neural networks in planning ways through mazes larger than those traversed during its training. When a door opened to provide a shortcut through the maze, the new AI took the more direct route. By contrast, AI systems without artificial grid cells ignored the open door and took long the way around.
These findings support the idea that grid cells do more than help mammals orient themselves in time and space; they also help animals plan the most straightforward direction to destinations. AI also appears to be “a very powerful tool" for testing other neuroscience theories, Barry says. He and his colleagues suggest that virtual experiments on artificial neural networks that imitate different regions of the brain may eventually replace some animal testing.
But there are limitations to using AI to study the brain. Because the system is meant to learn on its own, researchers can't tell why the system made a specific decision, says neuroscientist Francesco Savelli at Johns Hopkings University, whose commentary also appears online May 9 in Nature.
1. What's the function of the virtual grid cells?| A．Helping animals adapt to the environment. | B．Controlling the growth of nerve cells. |
| C．Assisting the AI in finding a way-out. | D．Promoting the cooperation between AI robots. |
| A．slower | B．nearer | C．earlier | D．wiser |
| A．Animals are as intelligent as humans |
| B．Animal testing on the brain will be reduced in future |
| C．Humans will' be equipped with' the virtual grid cells |
| D．Grid cells are more important than other nerve cells |
| A．How the AI system works. |
| B．Ways of AI learning on its own. |
| C．How effective reward signals will work on a robot. |
| D．The relationship between different regions of the brain. |
8 . Usually, when you listen to music you will expect it to be enjoyable. Music is everywhere these days. It can make an experience much more pleasurable, unless we are watching a horror movie. Then, we expect something different, or something that is also horrible!
Mark Korven writes music for movies and TV. He provided the music for a successful horror movie called The Witch .Its director, Robert Eggers, asked Mark not to use any electronic music for this movie. He wanted to create a more real sound. Following this experience, Mark began to think about how a more natural sound could be made for future horror movies. He got in touch with his good friend, Tony Duggan-Smith, a musician and maker of musical instruments. Tony camp up with something great.
Tony created a special instrument that he calls The Apprehension Engine. It looks a little like a mechanic or engineer's workshop table. The handmade instrument was inspired by something called the Soundtrack Box, invented by the Oslo-based new- music technologist Koka Nikoladze. Every section of the instrument is there to create a sound or noise that can scare you.
Mark has said that his purpose when writing music for the The Apprehension Engine is to help produce sounds that are disturbing. He showed his skills recently by giving a hugely successful performance one dark evening in Brooklyn, New York on Friday 13", of course! In the shadow of candles, members of people jumped out of their skin.(吓得魂不附体)
So, is The Apprehension Engine a musical instrument, a machine, or an engine? If you believe that the purpose of music is to excite the listener, you can probably call it a musical instrument-it’s just that the sounds the instrument makes do not necessarily make you feel happy or relaxed.
1. What did Robert Eggers require Mark Korven to do?| A．To invent a new instrument. | B．To avoid using electronic music. |
| C．To work with others to make music. | D．To make pleasant music for his movie. |
| A．It is the idea of a director. | B．It was first played in Brooklyn. |
| C．It looks more like a machine. | D．It is made up of different instruments. |
| A．Disappointing. | B．Surprising. |
| C．Worrying. | D．Relaxing. |
| A．The advantage of music. | B．A special musical instrument. |
| C．How to mix different music. | D．How to create music for horror movies. |
9 . Jonathan Fairoaks lives in a tree house that he designed and built! In fact, as a tree house architect (建筑师), Jonathan has built more than 380 tree houses across the United States.
Jonathan's love of tree-house living began when he was a kid. He started climbing trees when he was 10 years old, and he became an arborist in high school.she built his first tree house and lived in it while he was in college.
“It was delightful-like being on a ship because it moved with the wind,” Jonathan says. “It was the most fun I'd ever had.”
Designing special tree houses may sound difficult, but Jonathan says it's not true. “I let the trees decide the designs,” he says. “Hardwoods such as oak make the best trees for houses- -but I did once build a wonderful tree house in an apple tree.
As an arborist, Jonathan tries to never harm the trees. He attaches man- made limbs(树的主枝) to the tree to support the tree house.
“The tree grows over the man-made limbs, and they become part of the tree,” Jonathan says.
One feature of Jonathan's tree houses is the swings(秋千). “Swings are a great way to enjoy the trees.” he explains. For example, he puts up monkey swings for kids tree houses.
Jonathan also likes tree houses that have views of streams or rivers and include windows that are made of pieces of colored glass.
“Let your imagination run wild,” he says. “Walk in the woods and learn the different trees. Spend time climbing and learn how to do it safely.”
Jonathan also encourages his customers to give their tree houses names. One of his customers named his own tree house “Ups and Downs”.
1. What's life like in tree houses according to Jonathan?| A．Crazy. | B．Difficult. | C．Green. | D．Delightful. |
| A．A person who loves art. | B．A person who lives in a ship. |
| C．A person who cares for trees. | D．A person who designs houses. |
| A．first chooses a name for it | B．makes sure the tree is well protected |
| C．imagines that he is on a ship | D．tries to make it become part of the tree |
| A．Life in the Limbs | B．Ups and Downs |
| C．Imagine Wildly | D．Care for Trees |
10 . Ocean food plays a very important part in our food supply. Not so long ago, the world’s oceans were filled with different types of fish. Now, a large increase in global overfishing has threatened that supply.
According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, 90 percent of the world’s fisheries (渔场) are either being fully exploited (开发), or are at risk of being closed down.
With fish supplies running out at home, fishermen are traveling further to find their catch. Frequently, fishermen are crossing over into other countries. As fish supplies closer to their homeland’s shores are decreasing fishermen cross borders to find fish.
Overfishing can be found everywhere, from Mexican fishing boats off the US coast of Florida to Russian fishing boats in the western Bering Sea. However, the effect is felt the strongest in the South China Sea.
On the other side of the world, West Africa is now seeing malign effects of overfishing. For coastal African countries, such as Senegal, the fishing industry is a large part of the national economy. The World Bank reports nearly 20 percent of the Senegalese are working in the fishing industry. Rashid Sumaila is the Director of Fisheries Economic Research at the University of British Columbia. He says communities that depend on fish for income and food, like Senegal, are now at risk.
1. Why do fishermen cross borders to catch fish?| A．Because they want to protect the environment. |
| B．Because they want to enjoy the overseas scenery. |
| C．Because fish supplies in their countries are decreasing. |
| D．Because fishing is not allowed in their own countries. |
| A．In Russia. | B．In the South China Sea. |
| C．Off the US coast of Florida. | D．In the western Bering Sea. |
| A．Harmful. | B．Satisfying. |
| C．Hopeful. | D．Beneficial. |
| A．Most people in Africa will be out of work. |
| B．The World Bank will lend money to fishermen. |
| C．Rashid Sumaila is unconcerned about overfishing. |
| D．Overfishing has some bad effects on African people. |
