1 . As part of doing business globally and operating across culture, we often want to predict how others are going to behave. Our typical heuristic(启发式教育法) is culture. We   learn about how Germans   or   Chinese   or   Italians   are   different   from us---how they think or act or even express emotions in a different way — and we feel like we’ve done our homework. We feel prepared.

But we’re surprised to discover that the person in question acts in a completely different way from how we expected. Instead of being silent, our colleague from Asia is actually quite loud and confrontational( 对抗的). Instead of behaving aggressively, our Israeli supplier is mild-mannered. We wonder where we went wrong.

The problem comes from the questions we ask ourselves. The obvious one is “What culture does this person come from?” This question is not important. National cultural differences do matter. But culture isn’t everything. It turns out that if we ask ourselves a better, more focused set of questions, we’ll be far more successful at predicting how people will act.

Question 1: What do you know about the region? Just as it is useful to learn something about culture norms(标准) when diagnosing(诊断、判断) your situation, it is good practice to learn something about region norms. For example, if you were doing business in the America and assumed that people from the Northeast would be similar to people from the Midwest, you might be surprised.

Question 2: What do you know about the company or industry? Like countries and regions, companies and industries also have distinctive cultures. How you would interact with a boss at Google is quite different from how you would interact with a boss at Microsoft or Intel.

Finding the answers to these questions before you cross cultures can be tricky, but it is possible. One of the best ways to anticipate what you’ll encounter is by talking with expats: people similar to you who have studied, lived, or worked in the country in question. These individuals will often give you some insight into these nuances.

1. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．When trading globally, we can predict cultural differences successfully.

B．Israeli supplier should be mild-mannered instead of being ill-tempered.

C．People don’t care about what culture this person comes from?

D．It is not necessarily reasonable to stress national cultural differences only.

2. According to the second paragraph, the author tries to tell us _______.

A．learning culture norms is more important than learning region norms

B．Asian people are actually quite loud and confrontational (对抗的)

C．Trying to know about the region is as necessary as knowing about cultural norms.

D．Doing business across cultures differs from doing business in the local region.

3. Which of the following is closest to the word “expats” in the last paragraph?

A．Employees	B．Immigrants
C．Experts	D．Employers

4. What’s the best title of the passage?

A．How to diagnose cultural differences.

B．How to get along with a person from different cultures.

C．How to manage cross- cultural corporation.

D．How to learn about a distinctive culture.

2 . I don't realize that I've been at college for nearly one and half year until now. Looking back into the last year, what shall I say? It consisted of both happiness and sadness. Life always goes like this, up and down, as is so exciting. Now when I recall the past, no matter how I felt at that time, they are all treasures for me.

That was the moon festival last year, which was also the first time we went out after we entered the college. It was said that the sea in Dalian was well-known and was also a wonderful place to watch the moon. After getting all the food and drinking ready, we four girls set off for the seaside. There were many people and we picked up a less crowded beach. At first, we enjoyed ourselves by drinking and eating. When the moon turned brighter, we played with the seawater. As a result, we were all drenched with water. Bathing in the moonlight, we ran and laughed. We seemed to land on another world, where was full of fresh air, laughter and love. The laughter is still echoing on my mind so far.

Life doesn't stay the same, occasionally having a particular taste. That is sadness. What impressed me deeply is a failure in a singing competition. It was the first time I had given a performance on such a large stage in front of so many people. I was so nervous that the whole song was performed out of tune. As you could imagine, I was greeted with boos from the audience. I still remembered how dismal I felt that moment and I sat alone crying at the seaside. After that, I talked to mother about it. She told me that it was not a failure; at least, I was brave enough to show myself publicly.

Everything has passed. I’ve stored them at the bottom of my heart. I am in the second grade already. Yet much needs me to challenge. On the way, there's both happiness and distress. However, I will go ahead just all the same.

1. The underlined word ''drenched'' in the second paragraph has a similar meaning with _______.

A．dried	B．wet
C．frozen	D．washed away

2. Life, according to the author, is       .

A．full of happiness	B．filled with sadness
C．made up of laughter and tears	D．not worth living

3. How did the audience feel the author's singing?

A．It was wonderful	B．It was disappointing
C．The passage doesn’t say	D．It was perfect

4. Which of the following shows the author's attitude towards future?

A．A friend in need is a friend indeed.

B．Do wrong once and you’ll never hear the end of it.

C．Where there is a will, there is a way.

D．Time and tide wait for no man.

3 . “I believe in holding onto traditions because they helped our family flourish（兴旺）in a new country. But this concept is more concretely expressed this way: I believe in feeding monkeys on my birthday — something I’ve done without fail for 35 years.

In the Burmese jungle, monkeys are as common as pigeons. But in America, feeding monkeys means violating the rules.

As a kid, I thought that was cool. I learned English through watching bad television shows and expected that I was the chosen warrior（勇士）sent to defend my family. Dad and I would go to the zoo early in the morning, just the two of us. When the Coast was clear, I would throw my peanuts to the monkeys.

I never had to explain myself until my 18th birthday. It was the first year I didn’t go with my father. I went with my friends and arrived 10 minutes after the zoo gates closed. “Please,” I begged the zookeeper, “I feed monkeys for my family, not for me. Can’t you make an exception?” “Go find a pet store,” she said.

If only it were so easy. That time, I got lucky. I found out that a high school classmate trained the monkeys for the movie Out of Africa, so he allowed me to feed his monkeys. Once a man with a pet monkey suspected that my story was a ploy — that I was an animal rights activist out to liberate his monkey. Another time, a zoo told me that outsiders could not feed the monkeys without violating the zookeepers’ collective bargaining agreement. Once in a pet store, I managed to feed a marmoset（狨）being kept in a birdcage. Another time, I was asked to wear a special suit to feed a laboratory monkey.

It’s rarely easy and, yet, somehow I’ve found a way to feed a monkey every year since I was born.

1. Why has the author fed monkeys all these years?

A．To please his father.

B．To develop a new hobby.

C．To celebrate his birthday.

D．To keep up his family tradition.

2. How did the author and his father feed the zoo monkeys?

A．They did it in a secret way.

B．They pretended to be warriors.

C．They did it with the help of friends.

D．They got the zookeeper’s permission.

3. What does the underlined word “ploy” in Paragraph 5 mean?

A．Joke.	B．Trick.
C．Excuse.	D．Adventure.

4. How is the fifth paragraph mainly developed?

A．By providing examples.	B．By giving explanations.
C．By following time order.	D．By making comparisons.

4 . You can remember the face, but can't put a name to it. Many of us have been caught in this embarrassing situation. But researchers say it is often easier to remember someone's name than what they look like.

Twenty-four volunteers were shown 40 pictures of strangers, paired with random(随机的) names. They were given time to memorize the faces and names before being tested on which they thought they had seen before.

The participants could remember up to 85 percent of the names but only 73 percent of the faces. When they were shown a different picture of the same person, the participants could recall only 64 percent of faces, according to the study, led by the University of York.

That may be because faces are only recognized visually(视觉地), while names can be both spoken and written down so appear in our visual and audio memory. When people were shown famous people, they also remembered their names more accurately than their photographs. Co-author Dr Rob Jenkins, from the university’s psychology department, said, ''Our study suggests that, while many people may be bad at remembering names, they are likely to be even worse at remembering faces. This will surprise many people as it is against our initial understanding. Our life experiences with names and faces have misled us about how our minds work. '' Remembering names gets harder with age, leading to many uncomfortable moments for middle-aged people when they run into people they know.

But to study whether names are harder to recall than faces, the researchers, whose findings are published in the Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, used a ''fair test'' where the participants were presented with strangers' names and faces.

1. What can we know according to the research in Paragraph 3?

A．It is certain that names are harder to recall than faces.

B．Remembering names is more easily than remembering faces.

C．Most participants can remember the face not the name to it.

D．The participants can recall 73% faces of the same person.

2. Which of the following will the author agree with?

A．Age will weaken the ability to remember names.

B．Unlike faces, names are only recognized visually.

C．Faces can appear in our visual and audio memory.

D．Rob Jenkins has proved people can remember faces better.

3. What does the underlined word ''initial'' in Paragraph 4 mean?

A．Clear.	B．first.
C．Unusual.	D．Creative.

4. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A．People can't remember strangers’ names and faces.

B．Recalling names is more difficult than remembering faces.

C．The researcher uses the same method to study another problem.

D．Whether names are harder to recall than faces is further proved.

5 . Drugs come in different forms. However，can you imagine that drugs come in chicken eggs？A team of scientists from England prove that it can come true. They have developed special chickens that lay eggs with drugs inside. These special drugs can help treat some kinds of diseases. Until now，they have made two kinds of drugs. One drug can treat skin cancer and the other can treat a nerve disease （神经性疾病）.

Certain drugs are produced by the special chickens inside their egg whites. These drugs are made of proteins（蛋白质） which can be found in animals' skin，hair，milk and meat. The scientists also use DNA technology to make sure that the drugs are only inside the egg whites. In this way，the chickens can stay healthy.

Besides egg whites，drugs made of proteins come in milk of cows and sheep. Compared with cows and sheep，the special chickens have ascendancy over them. First，they are cheaper to raise. Second，they need less room and grow faster.

These special chicken can pass on their drug﹣producing ability to their children. So far，five generations （代） of the special chickens have appeared. But scientists may need more time to make the drugs perfect. It's said that scientists will realize their dream in five to ten years.

1. The underlined word "ascendancy" in the passage means"      "in Chinese.

A．情况

B．优势

C．劣势

2. According to the passage，the special drugs are      .

A．pills that can treat all cancers

B．just the scientists' imagination

C．made of proteins

3. According to the passage，the special chickens      .

A．need less room and grow faster

B．were developed by scientists from France

C．produce certain drugs outside the eggs

4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？

A．The scientists never use DNA technology to keep the special chickens healthy.

B．It may take scientists more time to make the drugs perfect.

C．Until now，scientists have made three kinds of drugs.

5. What is the passage mainly about？

A．It's mainly about a serious disease.

B．It's mainly about a natural ability of the special chickens.

C．It's mainly about the special drugs.

6 . Movie Extras

“Would you mind lying in a coffin? Would you shave your head? Are you willing to take out your false teeth?”

These are just a few of the questions Anne Marie Stewart and her staff sometimes ask the “talent” who serve as non-speaking “extras” in special films, television series, and made-for-TV movies produced in Toronto.

Of course, the majority of extra calls are for more ordinary people, and Stewart has a list of about 650 registered extras. Crowd scenes, which are common, call for everyday people of all ages, ethnic backgrounds, and sizes.

Over at Movie People, last-minute requests are not unusual. “We got a request once for an entire brass band of 30 people. They wanted it within the hour,” said manager Yvonne McCartney. Another time, the company got a last-minute request for a newborn baby. “We found a baby that was three weeks premature,” said Jonathan Aiken, an owner of the company.

Then there was the worried call from a casting director whose “Star” got doggone stubborn one day and decided to just lie down and not work. The director needed a replacement dog, fast. “We got them two in one hour.” said Aiken. “It was a matter of good connections and fast phone work.” The eight phone lines needed to make 350 to 400 calls a day are one of Movie People’s major expenses.

Phone lines are the only way to stay in touch with casting directors and extras; but the latter are a group not necessarily interested in a long-term relationship. Most extra jobs pay only $7 an hour (with a six-hour minimum), while most agencies charge an annual $75 registration fee and get 10 to 15 per cent of extras’ earnings. It’s no wonder that the turnover rate is fairly high.

Some people who are between jobs do extra work as a temporary measure, said McCartney. But professionals, such as lawyers, also do the work because it’s interesting. Others with flexible jobs have a desire to do something different. Some homemakers want to get out of the house and onto a movie set. Money’s not the motivating reason.

“One of the first things I say to people who walk in and ask about being an extra is, ‘You have to be available,’” said a person at Karen Clifton Agency. Inc. “The next thing I say is, ‘You can't make a living at this.’”

1. What kind of people are movie extras?

A．TV series makers.

B．Casting directors.

C．Non-professional movie actors.

D．Agents for movie stars.

2. According to the passage, movie extras should _____.

A．have special talents

B．have a flexible schedule

C．make good connections

D．make hundreds of phone calls daily

3. Why do white collar workers most probably like to be movie extras?

A．They want to make more money.

B．They want to start a career in acting.

C．They think their regular job is boring.

D．They think being on the stage is enjoyable.

4. The underlined word “turnover” in the sixth paragraph probably means _____.

A．business profit

B．the loss of staff

C．market demand

D．operation expenses

7 . Education officials and industry experts are debating the future of online learning. The discussion is important because hundreds of universities in the United States have recently moved classes online because of the spread of the novel coronavirus（冠状病毒）.

For Asha Choksi, the rise of Internet-based or online study programs has led to major improvements in higher education. “It’s actually given a lot more power to students in terms of how, when and where they learn,” the head of research for Pearson Education said.

Classes meet online through video conferencing. In this way, students are able to communicate with each other and their professors even when they are far away from school. However, recent research suggests the majority of college students and professors prefer in-person instruction, because they are concerned that companies supervising（监管）online learning programs are not clear about the policies the schools have.

“Students see in-class lectures as opportunities to engage with instructors, peers, and content.” the researchers wrote. In-person learning is especially important in fields like healthcare and teaching. Online education can never really take its place, said Stephanie Hall, a fellow with the independent policy research group The Century Foundation. “Students need to experience...what they’re learning about, reading about or hearing about in the classroom. And I don’t know yet the degree to which technology can facilitate that.”

“When schools make agreements with online program managers to run their online programs, they often do not make important information available to students,” Hall said. This includes how much control the company has over the design of the program or whether the teacher leading the classes was involved in their design. In addition, many colleges and universities advertise online programs as a low cost opportunity for students. But in some cases, students attending in-person classes get financial aid and online students do not.

1. What does Choksi think of the online study programs?

A．They offer students more choices in study.

B．They reform the country’s education system.

C．They provide advanced scientific knowledge.

D．They promote the development of technology.

2. According to most college students and professors, what’s the advantage of in-person learning?

A．It is convenient.

B．It costs less to study.

C．It can better meet school policies.

D．It can improve students’ communication skills.

3. What does the underlined word “facilitate” probably mean in paragraph 4?

A．change	B．apply
C．achieve	D．control

4. What is Hall’s attitude towards online education?

A．Hopeful.	B．Critical.
C．Uncaring.	D．Neutral.

8 . New Zealand, which is a beautiful beach country, draws many people looking for a new life. Its cities are considered as some of the best places to live in the world, and with a population of only 4.4 million there remain plenty of untouched lands to explore and enjoy.

The big draw for modern-day visitors is the country's beautiful scenery and natural wonders. Sailing, surfing, hiking, camping and any outdoor activity you know can be done in New Zealand. With an increasing number of visitors arriving every year, environmentalists and the government are concerned about protecting the nature.

Auckland is the largest city in New Zealand, with a population of 1.5 million. Known as the City of Sails, it sits on a narrow land between the Waitemata and Manukau Bays. The city's suburbs Lynn, Ellerslie and Meadowbank stretch form many miles along the coast. Its most popular places to live are Westmere, Ponsonby, Grey Lynn and Meadowbank. These are the areas seeing the highest home prices in the country.

At the south of the North Island sits Wellington, the capital and diplomatic centre of the country, built in the hills above the Cook Strait that separates the North Island from the South Island. It has the country's best public transport, Metlink, and considers itself the coolest city in New Zealand.

“No matter where we live, beach culture has always been a big part of our culture,” said Shane Mason. “It's pretty common to leave town during the summer and spend Christmas and New Year at the beach.” “New Zealand is a good place to visit and a great place to live,” said Mason, who now lives in Berlin. “I've discovered there is no place like home.”

1. Many people move to New Zealand because _________________

A．they want to live a new life in the place fit to live.

B．it has a lot of beautiful scenery and natural wonders.

C．they want to explore and enjoy plenty of untouched lands.

D．it has a population of only 4.4 million.

2. What has caused environmentalists and the government to be concerned about protecting the nature?

A．Its rising population.	B．Plenty of untouched lands.
C．The increasing visitors.	D．Its rich natural resource.

3. What does the underlined word “stretch ” mean?

A．Extend	B．Settle
C．Improve	D．Increase

4. From what Mason said we can infer that_____________.

A．its beach culture is the most unimportant culture.

B．she hopes to live in New Zealand for the rest of her life.

C．people seldom leave their homes to the beach.

D．she thinks New Zealand is the best place to live.

9 . Following the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP), also named COVID-19 by WHO, there is a general fear of the unknown virus as its full effects remain to be seen. Fever, coughing, sore throat, difficulty breathing —the NCP’s symptoms are similar to the common cold or the flu, but it’s potentially more dangerous.

Viruses could be deadly, like HIV and Ebola. But what are viruses? How can they cause so much trouble?

Viruses are non-living organisms (有机体) approximately one-millionth of an inch long. Unlike human cells or bacteria, they can’t reproduce on their own. Instead, they invade the cells of living organisms to reproduce, spread and take over.

Viruses can infect every living thing – from plants and animals down to the smallest bacteria. For this reason, they always have the potential to be dangerous to human life. Sometimes a virus can cause a disease so serious that it is fatal. Other viral infections trigger no noticeable reaction.

Viruses lie around our environment all of the time, waiting for a host cell to come along. They can enter our bodies by the nose, mouth, eyes or breaks in the skin. Once inside, they try to find a host cell to infect. For example, HIV, which causes AIDS, attacks the T-cells of the immune system.

But the basic question is, where did viruses first come from? Until now, no clear explanation for their origin exists. “Tracing the origins of viruses is difficult”, Ed Rybicki, a virologist (病毒学家) at the University of Cape Town in South Africa, told Scientific American, “because viruses don’t leave fossils and because of the tricks they use to make copies of themselves within the cells they’ve invaded”.

However, there are three main hypotheses (假说) to explain the origin of viruses. First, viruses started as independent organisms, then became parasites (寄生者). Second, viruses evolved from pieces of DNA or RNA that “escaped” from larger organisms. Third, viruses co-evolved with their host cells, which means they existed alongside these cells.

For the time being, these are only theories. The technology and evidence we have today cannot be used to test these theories and identify the most plausible explanation. Continuing studies may provide us with clearer answers. Or future studies may reveal that the answer is even murkier (含糊不清的) than it now appears.

1. What can we learn about viruses from the text?

A．Viruses have nothing to do with the common cold.

B．Viruses are really small living organisms.

C．Viruses can’t reproduce unless they find a host cell.

D．Viruses enter our bodies mainly through the mouth, nose and hair.

2. Which of the following might explain the origin of viruses?

A．They evolved from the fossils of large organisms.

B．They evolved from parasites into independent organisms.

C．They evolved from the T-cells in animals.

D．They evolved along with their host cells.

3. The underlined word “plausible” in the last paragraph probably means ________.

A．reasonable	B．common
C．creative	D．unbelievable

4. What can we conclude from the text?

A．Viruses live longer in human host cells than in animals’.

B．Viruses will become more like bacteria as they evolve.

C．It may take a long time to understand the origin of viruses.

D．The author is optimistic about future virus research.

10 . The beach may seem like an inviting place to run on a cool summer morning, but is running on the sand good for your body? It can be, but it’s important to be aware of the challenges that some beach runners experience before you get ready.

Running on the beach can be a good thing. It’s certainly different from running on a track or a pavement. For starters, sand can be a challenge because it has an uneven (不平坦的) surface. As you push off, you’re going to lose some of your push as the sand moves. So, you’re not going to be able to push yourself forward as you would on a track or a pavement. But this unevenness has an upside; It gives your body an extra workout, forcing you to exercise muscles that don’t get as much use during runs on firm surfaces. For example, your feet, ankles and lower back might feel sorer and more tired than usual after a beach run just because the surface is constantly moving and changing step to step.

You also might feel sore afterward because beaches tend to slope (倾斜) down to the water. If you’re going for a long run on the beach, you might notice that one side of your body might feel sorer because you’re putting more pressure on it due to the slope.

Some beach runners prefer to run barefoot — not wearing anything on feet. However, if you’re not used to barefoot running, start slowly and don’t run long distances at first. That’s because running barefoot uses more different muscles than running with shoes does, and it’s important to strengthen these muscles and adapt your feet. If you want to run barefoot and as long as you run carefully enough into it, go for it!

Running on the sand can be a smart choice for you, because running on softer ground surfaces can reduce muscle damage.

1. Why is it difficult to run on the beach for starters?

A．Running on its uneven surface takes much effort.

B．People need to run carefully on its smooth surface.

C．The soft surface makes people fall over easily.

D．It’s hard to keep one’s balance on its hard surface.

2. Which of the following best explains “upside” underlined in Paragraph 2?

A．Character.	B．Reason.
C．Advantage.	D．Challenge.

3. The passage can probably be found in ________.

A．A primary school textbook	B．A sports magazine
C．A tourist guide	D．A scientific report