1 . Germans have a word “wanderlust” which translated into English would be “the desire to wander”. Nowadays the chance to travel is endless. Thanks to cheap air tickets, travelling abroad is very easy and sometimes it's even cheaper to fly out of the country than to travel within your own. So, yes, travelling is cheap but there have to be other reasons to travel and you're right. There are plenty of reasons!
I have always had this feeling of wanderlust. It started from me wanting to explore my local woods at the back of my garden as a young girl and as I have grown, so has my sense of adventure. And I found my local woods being replaced with the Brazil wetland, Pantanal, where I went last summer in search of jaguars, snakes and crocodiles. The thing with travelling is that it's always different. Even if you went to the same country, to the same town and stayed in exactly the same hotel, it would be a completely different experience. The people you meet will be different, and they will tell you their own travelling stories: stories of holiday romances, holiday worries and stories that seem so outrageous that you can hardly believe them until something similar happens to you.
Or maybe the difference is you? Maybe you have changed since last time you were there? And that's the thing with travelling—it changes you. When you travel you are forced to experience a new culture. Whether it's eating a guinea pig, or staying with a family where neither of you speak a common language and you have to communicate through hand actions and smiles, the experience gives me itchy feet to do it all again. And although wanderlust is a German word, the English idiom “to have itchy feet” has a similar idea. Someone who has itchy feet needs to leave or travel. This desire to explore is found not only in language but in us.
1. According to Paragraph 2, what is the most important part of travelling?| A．Having different experiences. |
| B．Hearing many travelling stories. |
| C．Experiencing holiday romances. |
| D．Taking more adventures. |
| A．interesting | B．surprising | C．moving | D．disappointing |
| A．Staying with a family without common languages. |
| B．Communicating through hand actions and smiles. |
| C．Eating a guinea pig with a family. |
| D．Experiencing a different culture. |
| A．give various reasons for travelling |
| B．encourage people to travel abroad |
| C．explain the German word “wanderlust” |
| D．share the writer's travelling experiences |
2 . Turtles have a habit of eating plastic objects floating in the sea, which may kill them. Many believe that it is because floating plastic bags look similar to jellyfish, which many types of turtles love to eat. However, lots of plastic objects that turtles eat do not look like jellyfish at all. Joseph Pfaller of the University of Florida doubts that the smell of sea micro-organisms (微生物) which live on floating plastic objects attract turtles to eat.
The kind of idea first appeared in 2016. Researchers at the University of California, Davis, noticed that certain chemicals, especially dimethyl sulphide (二甲基硫), which can be found on plastics where micro-organisms live, are those which many seabirds sniff (嗅) to find food. These birds are more likely to eat plastics.
Since turtles usually appear above the sea surface and sniff the air when going to their feeding areas, Dr. Pfaller believed that they are following these same chemicals like those seabirds and mistakenly think that floating plastic objects are edible.
To test that idea, he and his team did an experiment using loggerhead turtles. They exposed 15 turtles to four smells: the smell of clean water; the smell of turtle-feeding food; the smell of a clean plastic bottle; and the smell of a bottle that had been kept in the ocean for five weeks to allow micro-organisms to grow on it. When sniffing both the smell of turtle-feeding food and that of five-week-old bottles, turtles kept their noses out of the water more than three times as long, and took twice as many breaths as they did when sniffing the smell of fresh bottle-plastic or clean water.
Though they have not yet tested whether dimethyl sulphide on the five -week-old bottles cause turtles to cat plastic objects, Dr. Pfaller and his team think it is highly possible.
1. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “edible”?| A．pleasing the eyes | B．suitable for use as food |
| C．holding the attention | D．concerned with actual use |
| A．Seabirds prefer the smell of the plastic bottles. |
| B．Seabirds feed on the food similar to the turtles’. |
| C．Seabirds produce a certain micro-organism. |
| D．Seabirds break up the plastics without difficulty. |
| A．To suggest a new way to study turtles. |
| B．To stress the importance of sea protection. |
| C．To explain why plastics attract turtles. |
| D．To present how the experiment develops. |
| A．Education. | B．Entertainment. | C．Science. | D．Health. |
3 . Beijing resident Hou Lixin started eating meal replacement products in February when she wanted to lose weight. She bought various meal replacement products online and ate them for more than a month.
“Most of them don’t taste good, but at least they have low calories and are convenient to buy, store and cook,” she said, adding the product she consumed gave a strong sense of fullness.
Hou is by no means alone. Meal replacement products, or substitutes for regular meals that can fill you up with low-calorie intakes, appear as a potential big market in China, driven by Chinese consumer’ demand for products that can help in weight control and offer convenience, experts said.
The most common meal replacement products include powders, liquids, shakes, porridges and energy bars containing fiber, protein, vitamin, minerals and other nutritious content.
The meal replacement market is at the early stage of competition and there is big room for future development, like in the United States and Japan. Euromonitor International, a market research company, said sales revenue of meal replacement products in China hit 57.17 billion yuan in 2017 and is expected to reach 120 billion yuan by 2022. More fast-moving consumer goods giants are partaking in the market action. PepsiCo’s oat brand Quaker released a new shake product in June. A major Chinese snack brand Bestore released 27 meal replacement products in August.
Jia Jianbin, secretary general at Chinese Cereals and Oils Association, told CCTV reporter that despite its possible effectiveness that many people believe, this way of weight loss may bring greater harm as it breaks the balance of nutrition and food. As a result, it can only be a temporary move, not a long-term use.
“Cereal meal replacement powder, for example, is mainly composed of carbohydrates (碳水化合物), which have enough calories，but the vitamins and minerals are not enough. Instead, it is better to soak oatmeal (燕麦片) in milk, which may be more nutritious and more economical,” said Gu Zhongyi, a dietitian of the Beijing Dietetic Association. “Meal replacements can be an alternative for busy workers, but they are no substitute for a balanced diet, and try not to eat more than one meal a day.”
1. The author quotes the example of Hou Lixin to _________.| A．show an efficient way to lose weight |
| B．promote the meal replacement products |
| C．introduce the topic of meal replacement products |
| D．arouse readers’ interest in the meal replacement products |
| A．Because they are highly recommended by health experts. |
| B．Because they are helpful to control weight and bring convenience. |
| C．Because they have a large market share in the food market. |
| D．Because they provide various forms and flavors for the consumers. |
| A．Participating. | B．Advertising. |
| C．Experimenting. | D．Cooperating. |
| A．Cautious. | B．Favorable. |
| C．Disapproving. | D．Confused. |
4 . Unlike doctors, nurses are at the forefront of care. They are there when you are admitted, when you rest and when you recover. They are the faces patients see when they are in pain, the ones they get to know and trust to take care of them.
Nursing is also an excellent option for those who want to work in healthcare but cannot go on to become a doctor. You can start with just a few weeks of education and work your way up. There are still educational requirements but many top nursing degrees are specifically designed to be completed while you work full-time.
If you want a career where your job is to actually help people heal, rather than deal with emergencies as they come, then nursing is for you.
Today alone, there are an estimated 800, 000 unfilled nursing jobs in the country, and a further 1 million shortage expected by 2030 when existing nurses start to retire. Job hunting is typically a nightmare for those fresh out of college, but in nursing, you are almost guaranteed a position in nearly every setting.
There are also new rules in place that mean you can work as a nurse in a variety of states without retaking the exams. There are still steps you will need to take if you move from one qualifying state to another, but this freedom means you can find your true home and continue to work as a nurse with very little interruptions. Travel if you want as a nurse; live in your dream home outside of the city as a nurse.
The world needs more nurses, because nurses make a direct impact on recovery. It is reported that one more nurse can save 9 extra people out of every 1,000 patients, that is to say your work matters.
1. What can we infer according to the first paragraph?| A．Healthcares would be complete without nurses. |
| B．Patients and nurses have a good relationship. |
| C．Patients like nurses much more than doctors. |
| D．Healthcares need more nurses than expected. |
| A．Challenge. | B．Step. | C．Choice. | D．Way. |
| A．800,000 nurses will be badly needed. |
| B．1 million nurses will dislike their jobs. |
| C．The USA will see a high rate of unemployment. |
| D．There will be a great demand for nurses. |
| A．You needn’t take extra exams when working in other states. |
| B．You have much freedom as to what you’d like to do. |
| C．You can travel around the world without working. |
| D．You have a chance to travel without interruptions. |
5 . For some students, there's nothing better than sitting back during school breaks with some friends, family and a couple scary movies, not having to worry about homework. There are also students (such as myself) who get anxious during school breaks because we don't have anything to do. Over fall break I got a slight head start on my homework, wrote an article for this paper, did some laundry and other chores and slept about 10 hours every day. And I still found myself feeling bored.
During breaks many students take the opportunity to camp while it's still warm outside, or ski if it's not. But you know what's happening to the people who make a habit of avoiding homework or productive activities over breaks? They're messing up their sleeping patterns, by procrastinating and then cramming in homework that's suddenly due in two days, and finally wishing the break could last a little longer.
This is why we should make it a point to do homework over short breaks. I'm not saying that professors give students a 10-page essay to write or have them finish an entire book during a break — I'm just encouraging students to make use of time to get ahead.
Breaks are for family, friends and oneself. Doing a lot of homework during breaks can make one feel burnt out, but it will benefit everyone to take some time to catch up or get ahead so that when the break ends and we have to pull ourselves back to reality, we're not left hoping uselessly for a longer break.
When teachers give you homework over fall break, they' re forcing you to use your break the way you should. A break is meant to give you the gift of time, and it should be used wisely. Work today so you can party tomorrow. Party today and you'll be hating the work tomorrow.
1. What do we know about the author during school breaks?| A．She doesn't just want to get relaxed. | B．She never gets bored due to her study. |
| C．She tries to keep herself as busy as possible. | D．She enjoys the life without homework anxiety. |
| A．Depending on. | B．Turning to. | C．Picking out. | D．Putting off. |
| A．One should avoid parties over school breaks. |
| B．Studying properly over school breaks reduces stress. |
| C．School breaks are for students to relax rather than study. |
| D．Students should do much homework during school breaks. |
| A．To show the importance of homework. | B．To explain why school breaks are useful. |
| C．To tell us how we should spend school breaks. | D．To give us some tips on how to study at home. |
6 . Traveling to new destinations can widen our horizons and build up our confidence. But packing up those trips is a different matter altogether. For some, it is a must that they have everything in their bag so they feel at home in any country. For others, traveling light is the key to easy traveling. Those in the former group could be described as the tourist type, while those in the latter group are more of the traveler type. So, as a traveler, how do you pack the right way?
Have a travel packing list. You may require special equipment such as a helmet while on an adventure, but that would be useless if you were headed to a beach for a peaceful time with your partner. For a travel junkie(着迷者), the first thing you should do is create a list and have it saved on your computer or your smartphone. As you travel more, you will learn what you actually need and what you can easily leave at home—having a travel checklist is as essential(必不可少的) as having tickets for the plane.
Choose the right bag. A big backpack that can contain all the essentials is the perfect fit for a week-long hiking tour. But when you are staying in one place for months at a stretch and plan to do all sorts of adventurous and non-adventurous activities the destination has to offer, it is vital that you have an expandable(可扩张的) bag with lots of space because you will require different things for different activities.
Roll your clothes to save space. Ask any travel expert, and they will tell you this: rolling the clothes instead of folding them while packing saves a lot of space and time. This way, you can pack a month’s worth of clothes into a small bag that is easy to travel with.
1. In which way is a traveler different from a tourist?| A．He pays more attention to travel light. |
| B．He builds up more confidence than a tourist. |
| C．He thinks it a must to have everything ready. |
| D．He prefers to travel at home rather than go abroad. |
| A．Choosing the right backpack. |
| B．Learning to roll the clothes. |
| C．Buying a set of equipment. |
| D．Making a travel checklist. |
| A．very difficult |
| B．very important |
| C．quite interesting |
| D．quite troublesome |
| A．It will make the packing slower. |
| B．It will make the packing much easier. |
| C．It can save a traveler much more money and time. |
| D．It can save a traveler a lot of space and time. |
Goodbye! You have been a long year. I have felt your effect in many ways. I can say that I’ve learned quite a few things somewhere within the eternity of your 12 months.
One of the things I’ve learned is to cherish the time I spend with others. I often think of our lives before quarantine (隔离), the simple pleasures, such as going to grab a coffee with a friend or settling in for a movie night. I realize now that I took this time for granted. Looking back, these simple pleasures are the times I cherish the most.
I’ve also learned to appreciate the people around me. I now cherish my parents and appreciate their love and support more than ever before. I cherish my friends and their ability to make me laugh no matter the circumstances. And I’ve learned how to cherish myself. Spending months and months stuck in my home, I’ve had ample time to work on the person I am and gain a little more appreciation for my body and my mind.
Within the long months of quarantine, I have also found things to be grateful for. Personally, I’m thankful for the shows, movies and music that I’ve discovered, the creativity I’ve found in the world now that our doors are closed and our minds are open. Overall, most importantly, 2020, you have taught me how to look for the good hidden among the bad.
However, I won’t miss the goodbyes you have forced us to say or the losses that others have gone through. I won’t miss the darkness of you, 2020, and the great pain you have caused.
We have felt the lows and the highs and everything in between. We will feel the impact of you long after you end, but we will learn to live beyond it and grow into something better.
Goodbye, 2020. It is your time to end.
Sincerely,
A writer from the Clog
1. What was the most important thing did 2020 teach the author?| A．Cherish the time spent with others. |
| B．Realize the simple pleasures. |
| C．Appreciate the people around her. |
| D．Look for the good hidden in the evil. |
| A．Annual. | B．Enough. | C．Awesome. | D．Optional. |
| A．She enjoyed it all the time. |
| B．She was sick of the stuck time. |
| C．She felt ups and downs. |
| D．She missed all the past in 2020. |
| A．The sufferings of 2020. |
| B．A farewell to 2020. |
| C．A regret in 2020. |
| D．The expectations for 2021. |
8 . There is more that comes with older age than greying hair and wrinkled skin When humans reach their later years, they favour more established friends and their social circle is reduced.
Now, for what appears to be the first time, scientists have seen the same behaviour in another species. Twenty years of observations of chimpanzees (猩猩) reveal that older males choose to hang out with their long-term friends at the expense of other relationships.
The researchers studied 78, 000 hours of observations made between 1996 and 2016 that followed the social interactions of 21 male chimpanzees between the ages of 15 and 58 years old. They classified the chimps’ relationships depending on the amount of time they sat with others and groomed (梳毛) them. They then rated the various pairings as mutual (相互的) friendships, where both chimps seemed to enjoy the relationship; one-sided friendships, where one chimp was more keen to be friends than the other; and non-friendships, where neither chimp showed interest in the other.
When the scientists looked at the patterns of friendships, they found that the older chimps had more mutual friendships and fewer one-sided friendships than younger chimps. Another feature seen in older humans was also spotted in the chimps. As the males got older, their levels of aggression (挑衅) tailed off, meaning they started fewer fights and tended to intimidate others in their group less often.
The observations have left the researchers puzzled. According to an idea in psychology known as socioemotional selectivity theory, or SST, older humans prefer more positive relationships because they are aware time is running out. But many animal experts argue that chimpanzees lack the human sense of mortality (死亡), suggesting something else is driving the behaviour.
Robin Dunbar, a professor of evolutionary psychology at the University of Oxford, said in humans, the decline in social circles with age is due to declining social motivation to get out and meet people combined by lack of opportunity. In chimpanzees, as older males compete less for mates, they may focus on close, reciprocal (互惠的) relationships with trusted partners, she said.
1. What do older male chimpanzees favour?| A．Old friendships. | B．New bonds. |
| C．Greying hair. | D．Wrinkled skin. |
| A．By turning to other scientists. |
| B．By introducing a new concept. |
| C．By forming relationships with them. |
| D．By analyzing two decades’ observations. |
| A．Threaten. | B．Motivate. | C．Defend. | D．Accompany. |
| A．Awareness of time. | B．Less competition for mates. |
| C．Low motivation for socialization. | D．Lack of the human sense of mortality. |
9 . It’s nothing new that you can find many files or services you can download or use from the Internet. The question is: Is downloading legal or not? In most cases the answer is negative, because sharing and downloading are illegal. Of course, you can find files for legal downloading, but you have to pay for them.
It seems innocent if you click on the download mark, but it isn’t. It should be compared with stealing in a store. Would you steal a magazine, an MP3player or a car? Downloading from the Internet is a theft, and sharing files, once you have stolen them, only makes it wore. For example, if everybody only downloaded, movies wouldn’t make money and the studios wouldn’t invest millions of dollars to make new ones.
Many people may think it better, easier and cheaper to do downloading. I think, that is the main reason why Internet users prefer sharing something to buying them. In the modern world we love convenience and what could be more convenient than getting music, films and games without having to leave your house? You don’t need to pay for what you get, there is no registration, and you don’t have to wait until shops open or the CD/DVD you want is posted to you. However, you could be in big trouble if you are caught. You could go to prison as a result of acting unlawfully, but so far only a tiny amount of people have been charged for downloading illegally. The majority of people who download illegally, and use the files for their personal use, will not get in trouble. And that's why it’s important for people to understand what the long-term consequences are if they don’t want to pay for their music, films and TV. Will film and music companies still spend millions of pounds every year if they have no chance of making a profit? The answer is plainly “no”.
Finally I would like to say that the Internet offers a lot of services for money, but people will always try to get them for free. To summarize my thoughts, I’d like to highlight that illegal downloading is both unfair towards producers and dangerous for those who practice this kind of activity. You have to decide whether to buy or download.
1. Many people download files free from the Internet because ________.| A．they follow others’ examples to do such things |
| B．they don’t think they may be charged by the producer |
| C．they think everything on the Net can be shared by others |
| D．they think it is legal, convenient and easy |
| A．Downloading helps movies become more popular. |
| B．Downloading free files is as illegal as stealing. |
| C．Sharing files on the Internet is dangerous. |
| D．Sharing files on the Internet can make a profit. |
| A．Stress. | B．Explain. | C．Admit. | D．Deny. |
| A．He advises readers to download legal files. |
| B．He asks readers to limit the amount of free downloading. |
| C．He wants to make it clear that downloading for free is against the law. |
| D．He tells readers how to avoid being charged for downloading. |
10 . New research suggests that dogs might be able to help save diseased citrus trees.
A group of scientists trained dogs to use their sense of smell to detect a crop disease called citrus-greening. The disease has affected orange, lemon and grapefruit trees in the American states of Florida, California and Texas.
The dogs can detect the disease weeks to years before it appears on tree leaves and roots, the researchers report. A study on their findings was published recently in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The report says using dogs is also faster, less costly and more exact than having people collect hundreds of leaves for lab analysis.
Timothy Gottwald is a researcher with the U. S. Department of Agriculture and a co-writer of the study. He told The Associated Press, “This technology is thousands of years old-the dog’s nose. We’ve just trained dogs to hunt new prey.”
Citrus-greening is caused by a bacteria (细菌) that is spread by a tiny insect that feeds on the leaves and stems of citrus trees. Once a tree is infected (感染), there is no cure. The disease has also hurt citrus crops in Central and South America and Asia. In one experiment involving grapefruit trees in Texas, trained dogs were correct 95 percent of the time in telling the difference between newly infected trees and healthy ones. “The earlier you detect a disease, the better chance you have at stopping an epidemic (流行病) by removing infected trees,” Gottwald said.
Matteo Garbelotto studies plants at the University of California, Berkeley. He says the new research shows that dogs can detect an infection well before current methods. Garbelotto has been involved in similar research but had no part in the new study.
Laura Sims is a plant scientist with Louisiana Tech University. She praised the steps taken to find out if the dogs were detecting the bacteria itself or a plant’s reaction to an infection. To do that, the researchers infected different kinds of unrelated plants with the bacteria in a laboratory. The dogs were still able to pick out the infected plants.
Gottwald said, “You’ve seen dogs working in airports, detecting drugs and explosives. Maybe soon you will see them working on more farms. ”
1. According to the research, trained dogs can ________.| A．help infected trees recover from diseases | B．recognize a crop disease in its early stage |
| C．cause fruit trees to grow faster than usual | D．reduce the cost of planting some fruit trees |
| A．Infected plants. | B．Fruit trees. | C．Tiny insects. | D．Favourite foods. |
| A．To further prove the findings. | B．To explore the plant diseases. |
| C．To present different opinions. | D．To discover a plant’s reactions. |
| A．Doubtful. | B．Positive. | C．Indifferent. | D．Curious. |
