1 . Anyone watching the Winter Olympics in Beijing, China has seen lots of snow-man-made snow. Since the area gets little natural snow, this is the first time the Winter Olympics is taking place on almost 100% artificial(人造的)snow.

2022 Winter Olympics was held in Beijing, China, and in two areas northwest of Beijing, Yangqing and Zhangjiakou. The areas get cold in the winter, but they don’t get a lot of snow.

That’s because they’re not far from the Gobi Desert, and are generally very dry. That meant some serious changes were needed to hold the Winter Olympics there. China took water from a reservoir(水库)which helps supply Beijing’s drinking water. To carry the water to the mountains for making snow, the country ran miles and miles of pipes.

An Italian company called TechnoAlpin created the snow. TechnoAlpin created artificial snow at several earlier Winter Olympics. For the snow in 2022 Winter Olympics, TechnoAlpin laid over 40 miles of pipe and brought in hundreds of snow-making machines. Even with all of those machines, making the snow for 2022 Winter Games took seven weeks.

Still, the machines that make artificial snow are quite advanced and they can make several different kinds of snow depending on what’s needed for each sport. For example, the snow they make for downhill skiing is different from the snow made for cross-country skiing.

In recent years, it has become more and more common to use artificial snow at winter sports events. Some artificial snow was used in the Winter Olympics in 2010 and 2014 because of warm weather. In the 2018 Games in PyeongChang, South Korea, roughly 90% of the snow was man-made.

As the world warms because of climate change, problems like this are expected to become far more common. Michael Mayr, who leads TechnoAlpin in Asia, says, “You could not have winter sports now without man-made snow.”

1. Why do the areas like Beijing fail to get much snow?”

A．They are far from the desert.	B．A reservoir was built there.
C．It’s usually too dry in winter.	D．Mountains surround the areas.

2. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?

A．Materials used for snow making.	B．Efforts to create artificial snow.
C．An Italian machine producer.	D．The cost of laying pipes.

3. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 5 refer to?

A．Games.

B．Machines.

C．Athletes.

D．Workers.

4. What can we infer from Michael Mayr’s words?

A．Artificial snow plays a key role in winter sports.

B．Climate change is getting worse due to artificial snow.

C．It’s far more difficult to fight against global warming.

D．Man-made snow makes winter sports more popular.

2 . 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友John 想要成为2022年冬奥会的志愿者。请你给他回一封邮件，简述志愿者要求。
内容包括：1．了解冬奥会相关知识；2．能流畅使用英语及汉语；3．具备志愿者的良好素养。
注意：词数100词左右。             冬奥会：Winter Olympics
Dear John,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours

Li Hua

3 . 假定你是李华。2022年北京冬奥会正在招募志愿者。请给国际奥委会写一封自荐信，申请成为冬奥会志愿者。内容包括：
1.个人优势；
2.过去的志愿者经历；
3.参与本次志愿者活动的目的。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4 . Bing Dwen Dwen, the cute mascot(吉祥物)ofthe Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, has been selling like hotcakes. Why is the ice-glazed panda so popular? What are the fantastic ideas behind its design?

Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts professor Cao Xue, who is in charge of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics mascot design team, told the China Media Group(CMG)the story.

Now, Cao Xue still clearly remembers that the exciting day came on the 17 of September, 2019, when the Organizing Committee of the Winter Olympic Games officially announced the mascot designed by Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts as the mascot of the Beijing Winter Olympic Games. After discussion by many experts and scholars, the mascot got a new name —“Bing Dwen Dwen” .

The 14-member design team led by Cao Xue all work as teachers and graduate students from the School of Visual Arts and Design of Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts. During that time, there were almost no holidays, and the whole team needed to revise and discuss every day, and they ended up completing over 10, 000 manuscripts(稿件) . In the end, Bing Dwen Dwen, based on a panda, was selected from nearly 6, 000 entries from 35 countries and regions.

Bing Dwen Dwen is a panda with a high sense of science and technology. It captures attention with its full -body“shell”made out of ice . Cao told us that the inspiration(灵感) came from traditional Chinese snack“ice-sugar gourd, ”also known as tanghulu, while the shell also is similar to a space suit — a nod to embracing new technologies for a future of infinite possibilities. Although the tanghulu idea was widely praised, it wasn’t enough to represent the image of a big country. So the team tried again and again, changing the image in the ice shell into elk, tiger, rabbit . …

1. What is the main purpose of the first paragraph?

A．To raise two questions.	B．To introduce a topic.
C．To advertise a new toy.	D．To find out a solution.

2. What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?

A．Where the team took holidays.	B．Where the manuscripts came from.
C．How the design came to an end.	D．How the team worked for the design.

3. What makes Bing Dwen Dwen so well received?

A．Its image.

B．Its history.

C．Its material.

D．Its size.

4. What can be the best title for the text?

A．Chinese Culture, Rich in Fantastic Ideas

B．Bing Dwen Dwen, Full of Wisdom and Pride

C．The Ice-glazed Panda, Most Popular Hotcake

D．Chinese Tradition, Worthy of Wide Attention

5 . In May 2020, the Beijing Organizing Committee for the 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games(BOCOG) solicited(征集) medal designs worldwide. Hang Hai and his team set about preparing designs to submit to the BOCOG. Medals reflect the culture and creativity of the host country, and the team set two basic principles for their design:

First, it should continue to adopt the jade(玉) culture incorporated into the design of the Beijing 2008 medals to highlight Beijing’s status as the world’s first city to host both the Summer and Winter Games; second, it should be innovative.

“The medals of both the Beijing 2008 and 2022 Games are to honor the athletes and the Olympic spirit with traditional jade culture, ”said Hang. Jade was chosen because it has been treasured in China and symbolizes good virtue. “The difference is that the 2008 medals used the jade as a material, while the 2022 medals represent the spirit of China’s jade culture,” he added.

In the process of designing the medals, one team member, Lin Fan, conducted extensive research into China’s ancient bi. Lin finally chose a five-ring one associated with Fu Hao — a Shang Dynasty queen — as the prototype(原型) for the medals. In the final design, the opposite side of the medals has the Olympic rings engraved in the center, surrounded by five big concentric(同心的) rings. Auspicious(吉祥的) cloud patterns, as well as snowfakes and ice patterns are engraved between the circles. The cloud patterns are intended to maintain a cultural connection with the 2008 Games, while the snowflakes and ice patterns speak to the characteristics of the Winter Olympics.

The cases holding the medals are made of bamboo. “The International Olympic Committee inquired about the growth and processing of the bamboo to ensure it meets the requirements of a green Olympics and follows the concept of sustainable(可持续的) development,” Hang said.

The medals passed the quality test and were accepted by the Games’ organizing committee on January 7, 2022. The medals are officially named Tongxin and they are the result of many people’s efforts. However, the smile on the athletes’ faces as they wear them makes it all worthwhile.

1. What does paragraph 2 focus on?

A．The history of the Olympic medals.

B．The purpose of the 2022 Winter Olympics.

C．The basic requirements of the 2022 medal designs.

D．The significance of the 2008 medal patterns.

2. What is the difference between the 2022 medals and the 2008 medals?

A．2022 medals use the jade as a material.

B．2022 medals strengthen the idea of environmental protection.

C．2022 medals make no difference in the medal designs.

D．2022 medals reflect the spirit of China’s jade culture.

3. Why did the designers add cloud patterns to the 2022 medals?

A．To present harmony between human and nature.

B．To stress the bond with the 2008 Games.

C．To combine with the features of the Winter Olympics.

D．To highlight the charm of Chinese traditional culture.

4. What do we know about the cases holding the medals?

A．Their production shows the concept of green Olympics.

B．They were solicited by BOCOG.

C．They symbolize good virtue.

D．They spent a lot of time processing.

6 . This year’s Winter Olympics were held in two areas, Yanqing and Zhangjiakou. The areas get cold in winter but get little natural snow. That meant some serious changes were needed to hold the Winter Olympics. The Winter Olympics took place on almost 100% artificial (人工的) snow and it was the first time in Olympic history.

China took water from a reservoir (水库) which helps supply Beijing’s drinking water and sent it to a nearby river. To carry the water to the mountains for making snow, the country ran miles and miles of pipes.

China hired an Italian company called TechnoAlpin to create the snow. TechnoAlpin created artificial snow at several earlier Winter Olympics. For the snow in this year’s Olympics, TechnoAlpin laid over 64 kilometers of pipe and brought in hundreds of snow-making machines. Even with all of those machines, making the snow for this year’s Games took seven weeks.

It’s useful to be able to make snow when nature doesn’t provide enough. But artificial snow isn’t the same as natural snow, which has more air and less water. An athlete used to natural snow might have to change their style on man-made snow.

Still, the machines that make artificial snow are quite advanced. They can make several different kinds of snow depending on what’s needed for each sport. For example, the snow they make for downhill skiing is different from the snow made for cross-country skiing.

In recent years, it has become more and more common to use artificial snow at winter sports events. That’s true even in places that used to have a lot of snow naturally. Some artificial snow was used in the Winter Olympics in 2010 and 2014 because of warm weather. In the 2018 Games in South Korea, nearly 90% of the snow was man-made.

As the world warms because of climate change, problems like this are expected to become far more common. Michael Mayr, who leads TechnoAlpin, says, “You couldn’t have winter sports now without man-made snow.”

1. Where was the artificial snow in this year’s Winter Olympics created?

A．In a river.	B．In the mountains.
C．In the pipes.	D．In a reservoir.

2. What is the advantage of man-made snow?

A．It has more air and less water.	B．It is more environmentally-friendly.
C．It can improve athletes’ performance.	D．It can be made for the need of each sport.

3. What has made it more common to use artificial snow at winter sports events?

A．Advanced technology.	B．A shortage of water.
C．Air pollution.	D．Climate change.

4. What can be the best title for the text?

A．The Future of the Winter Olympic Games

B．The History of Man-Made Snow for Winter Sports

C．The Man-Made Snow Behind China’s Winter Olympics

D．The Secret to Creating Artificial Snow for Winter Sports

8 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Though the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics ended on Feb. 20, it has left a deep     1     (impress) on people across the globe. At Beijing 2022, a total of 2,877 athletes from 91 countries and regions competed     2     109 gold medals. More than 45 percent of those athletes     3     (be) women, an all-time high in the history of the Winter Olympics. “Athletes competed bravely to exceed limits,     4     (set) a number of new world records and Olympic records. This is a vivid representation of the Olympic motto: Faster, Higher, Stronger Together,” said Cai Qi, president of the Beijing organizing committee. Besides the     5     (competition), the unique charm of Beijing,     6     hosted both the Summer and Winter Olympic Games, and the thoughtful services the city provided to all participants were also valued. As the first     7     (globe) multi-sport event held as scheduled during the COVID-19 pandemic, the Beijing Winter Games prioritized the health and safety of all participants. The organizers worked out and oversaw (监督) the implementation (执行) of the Beijing 2022 Playbooks     8     put in place a closed-loop (闭环) management system.

    9     (theme) “Together for a shared future”, the Beijing Games have left the city with rich legacies (遗产), including engaging 346 million people in ice and snow sports as well as hosting the Games in     10     more sustainable (可持续的) way.

9 . 假设你是晨光中学的学生李津，你的英国笔友Chris想请你分享一下观看2022北京冬奥会的感受。请根据以下提示给他写一封电子邮件。
(1)北京冬奥会给你自己留下最深刻印象的是什么；
(2)北京冬奥会的成功举办的原因；
(3)邀请他来北京参观，体验。
注意：1.词数不少于100词；
2.可以适当加入细节，使内容充实，行文连贯；
3.开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Chris,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Li Jin

10 . In January, 2021, the ice-making work on the ”Ice Ribbon“, a landmark venue for the Beijing Winter Olympics, was completed.

In the Winter Olympics, where races can be won or lost by a small time gap, tiny imperfections in the ice can make all the differences. ”It’s not just a hunk of ice like you’d normally think of, like ice cubes sitting in your freezer,“ told Kenneth Golden, a U. S. mathematician who studies the structures of ice. ”It’s a much more fascinating and complex substance than people would normally think.“

The first step for building any ice rink is to purify the water to remove dissolved solids like salts and minerals. Such impurities don’t fit in the regular hexagonal(六边形的)structure of ice that forms as water freezes. The purer the water, the more consistent the ice surface.

In addition to the need for excellence in the raw materials of ice-making, technology is also very important, As one of the most advanced technologies for winter sports venues, a carbon dioxide cooling technology has been applied on a large scale for the Beijing Winter Olympic Games. CO₂ , is not new when it comes to ice-making. However, it has been gradually replaced by the man-made refrigerant, like Freon.

With increasing attention toward climate change, the old refrigerant has come into use again. As an element of the atmosphere, CO₂, doesn’t damage the ozone layer. Although CO₂ is a greenhouse gas, its greenhouse effect is much lower than that of other synthetic refrigerants. The Winter Olympics venues adopted CO₂ instead of Freon as a refrigerant in ice-making, which will reduce carbon dioxide emissions greatly.

”We believe these technological innovations will bring Beijing 2022 to spectators all over the world in a more impressive way.“ told Gao Bo from the Media Operations Department of the Beijing Organizing Committee for the 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games.

1. What is the result of impurities in water for ice-making?

A．The water isn’t able to freeze completely.

B．The quality of the ice will be affected.

C．The ice surface will be more consistent.

D．It’s likely for athletes to fall on the ice.

2. Why has CO₂ cooling technology been applied for the Winter Olympic Games?

A．It’s the most advanced technology for ice-making.

B．CO2 is more efficient than other refrigerants.

C．CO2 is more environmentally friendly than Freon.

D．CO2 has already existed in the atmosphere.

3. What is Gao Bo’s attitude to CO₂ being applied to ice-making?

A．Unclear.

B．Opposed.

C．Doubtful.

D．Favorable.

4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?

A．The Beijing Winter Olympic Games Are Coming

B．Beneath Olympic Ice

C．The Use of Refrigerants in Olympic Games

D．The Structure of Ice