1 . In January, 2021, the ice-making work on the ”Ice Ribbon“, a landmark venue for the Beijing Winter Olympics, was completed.
In the Winter Olympics, where races can be won or lost by a small time gap, tiny imperfections in the ice can make all the differences. ”It’s not just a hunk of ice like you’d normally think of, like ice cubes sitting in your freezer,“ told Kenneth Golden, a U. S. mathematician who studies the structures of ice. ”It’s a much more fascinating and complex substance than people would normally think.“
The first step for building any ice rink is to purify the water to remove dissolved solids like salts and minerals. Such impurities don’t fit in the regular hexagonal(六边形的)structure of ice that forms as water freezes. The purer the water, the more consistent the ice surface.
In addition to the need for excellence in the raw materials of ice-making, technology is also very important, As one of the most advanced technologies for winter sports venues, a carbon dioxide cooling technology has been applied on a large scale for the Beijing Winter Olympic Games. CO2 , is not new when it comes to ice-making. However, it has been gradually replaced by the man-made refrigerant, like Freon.
With increasing attention toward climate change, the old refrigerant has come into use again. As an element of the atmosphere, CO2, doesn’t damage the ozone layer. Although CO2 is a greenhouse gas, its greenhouse effect is much lower than that of other synthetic refrigerants. The Winter Olympics venues adopted CO2 instead of Freon as a refrigerant in ice-making, which will reduce carbon dioxide emissions greatly.
”We believe these technological innovations will bring Beijing 2022 to spectators all over the world in a more impressive way.“ told Gao Bo from the Media Operations Department of the Beijing Organizing Committee for the 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games.
1. What is the result of impurities in water for ice-making?| A．The water isn’t able to freeze completely. |
| B．The quality of the ice will be affected. |
| C．The ice surface will be more consistent. |
| D．It’s likely for athletes to fall on the ice. |
| A．It’s the most advanced technology for ice-making. |
| B．CO2 is more efficient than other refrigerants. |
| C．CO2 is more environmentally friendly than Freon. |
| D．CO2 has already existed in the atmosphere. |
| A．Unclear. | B．Opposed. | C．Doubtful. | D．Favorable. |
| A．The Beijing Winter Olympic Games Are Coming |
| B．Beneath Olympic Ice |
| C．The Use of Refrigerants in Olympic Games |
| D．The Structure of Ice |
2 . Tropical nations have never won a medal at the Winter Olympics. But this has not stopped more and more countries from striving to break this fate. At the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing, some of these countries are “coming for gold”. Let’s check them out.
From Arabian Dunes to Ice Slopes
Fayik Abdi, 24, was Saudi Arabia’s only representative at the Winter Olympics and competed in alpine skiing. The Winter Olympics, which opened in the Chinese capital on February 4, was the first participation in Saudi Arabia’s history. In this part of Saudi Arabia, snow falling from the sky is a rarity, enough to make news all over the world.
So, how did Abdi get here? His Olympic dream had an unusual start. Abdi initially responded to an ad, like more than 100 other applicants. It was handed out by the newly established Saudi Arabian Winter Sports Federation, looking for potential candidates to join the Olympic team. Abdi learned to ski at the age of four, and when he was in college in the United States, he took to the slopes whenever he had time. And his journey, as a trend representative of more and more “snowless” countries participating in the Winter Olympics, is a perfect fit. When the first Winter Olympics were held in 1924, only 14 European countries and the United States and Canada participated. By the last Winter Olympics hosted by Pyeongchang, South Korea, in 2018, a record 92 countries had participated.
Jamaica Snow Team
When it comes to a “layout country participating in the Winter Olympics”, you often think of Jamaica, a Caribbean island country, mainly because Hollywood had a movie Cool Runnings in 1993. The film is based on the Jamaican four-person snow team at the 1988 Calgary Winter Olympics in Canada. The film not only entertained audiences all over the world, but also inspired other “snowless countries” to try it out.
Although Jamaica had participated in the two-person snowmobile event in several Winter Olympics since then, the Beijing Winter Olympics was the first time the country had participated in the men’s four-person snowmobile event since the Nagano Winter Olympics in 1998.
In Beijing, the Caribbean island nation also had a men’s duo sled team, while Jazmine Fenlator-Victoria competed in the women’s sled.
1. What does the underlined word “rarity” mean in Paragraph 2?| A．Something common. | B．Something rare. |
| C．Something expensive. | D．Something important. |
| A．Abdi learned to ski when he was six. |
| B．Only fourteen countries took part in the first Winter Olympics. |
| C．More and more countries participate in the Winter Olympics. |
| D．The movie Cool Runnings is based on the Jamaican four-person snow team at the 1998 Nagano Winter Olympics Winter Olympics. |
| A．A science fiction. | B．A novel. |
| C．A travel guide. | D．A sport magazine. |
| A．Snowless tropical nations want to fight for gold. |
| B．Jamaica Snow Team competed in Winter Olympics in Beijing. |
| C．Different Winter Olympics in history. |
| D．Beijing Winter Olympics. |
With International Olympic Committee President Thomas Bach’s applause and the cheers from the audience, China’s 18-year-old freestyle skier Gu Ailing (谷爱凌),
The win is a historic
“Every time I see her on TV, she is confident and optimistic, her face shining with joy,
More and more people grow quite fond of Gu , a girl who enjoys eating dumplings and roast Beijing duck,
4 . The 2022 Winter Olympics were held in Beijing, China, and in two areas northwest of Beijing, Yanqing and Zhangiiakou. The areas get cold in winter, but they don’t get a lot of snow because they’re not far from the Gobi Desert, and are generally very dry. That meant some serious changes were needed to hold the Winter Olympics there. China took water from a reservoir which helps supply Beijing’s drinking water and sent it to a nearby river. To carry the water to the mountains for making snow, the country ran miles and miles of pipes. China says making the snow took about 185,500 liters of water. This is the first time the Winter Olympics has taken place on almost 100% artificial snow.
The snow at this year’s Winter Olympics was made with wind and solar energy. And the machines that make artificial snow are quite advanced. They can make several different kinds of snow depending on what’s needed for each sport. For example, the snow they make for downhill skiing is different from the snow made for cross-country skiing.
It’s useful to be able to make snow when nature doesn’t provide enough. But artificial snow isn’t the same as natural snow, which has more air and less water. An athlete used to natural snow might have to adjust their style on man-made snow. A few athletes have complained about the snow at this year’s Olympics. Most others say it’s been just fine.
In recent years, it has become more and more common to use artificial snow at winter sports events. That’s true even in places that used to have a lot of snow naturally. Some artificial snow was used in the Winter Olympics in 2010 and 2014 because of warm weather. In the 2018 Games in Pyeongchang, South Korea, roughly 90% of the snow was man-made.
As the world warms because of climate change, problems like this are expected to become far more common. You could not have winter sports now without man-made snow.
1. What is special for Beijing Winter Olympics?| A．The playgrounds lay in the large desert. |
| B．All the energy it needed was made in green ways. |
| C．The stadiums were built in abandoned buildings. |
| D．All its snow fields were made of man-made snow. |
| A．It must be environmentally friendly. | B．It must be made from drinking water. |
| C．It should be the most advanced snow. | D．It has to adapt to different snow sports. |
| A．The Winter Olympics will become more and more popular. |
| B．Athletes joining in the Winter Olympics must be very rich. |
| C．Artificial snow will play a key role in the Winter Olympics. |
| D．The Winter Olympics will fade away gradually from our life. |
| A．The snow for the Winter Olympics. | B．The 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics. |
| C．Weather effects on the Winter Olympics. | D．Problems in hosting the Winter Olympics. |
The mascot (吉祥物) for the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games
The image of it is designed based
The name “Bing Dwen Dwen” is a combination of several meanings in the Chinese language. “Bing” is the Chinese character for ice, while “Dwen Dwen” is
The mascot
The 2022 Winter Paralympics mascot (冬残奥会吉祥物) Shuey Rhon Rhon has won global recognition since it made its first public
Shuey Rhon Rhon features the shape of a traditional Chinese lantern, and symbolizes the spirit of hospitality (热情好客) and peace, as the first “Rhon” in Chinese means “to include”, and the second means “to melt, to warm”. In ancient times, lanterns
“One major task was to bring
The artists decided
1.收看时间(2月4日—20日)和方式；
2.邀请理由；
3.表达期待。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
内容包括：1. 活动目的； 2. 活动内容； 3. 活动感受。
注意：1. 自拟题目；
2. 字数在100左右；
3. 可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
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On Sept 17, a giant panda
The giant panda
“The two mascots combine traditional Chinese culture and a modern international style, as well as the characteristics of ice and snow sports, strongly
“Bing” and “Shuey” are equivalent (对应) to “ice” and “snow” in English. “Dwen Dwen” means “robust (强壮), lively” while “Rhon Rhon” has the
“They are designed
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号∧，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线划掉\。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Good morning, everyone! I’m extreme excited to express my understanding of the official motto of the 2022 Winter Olympics— “Together for a shared future”. The motto shows that inspiring by the Olympic spirit, we work together with the people of the world and helped each other. That we are devoted to is valuable to create for a better future. As a student, I should make a contribution to build a wonderful world. On one hand, we learn to be a student with good qualities, such as honesty, kindness, loyalty, modesty, perseverance etc. On the other hand, I study hard to be useful person. Last year, I am praised, because of winning the title of Virtue Youth, by many teacher.
