1 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。1.

A．They want to eat in a fashionable way like young people.

B．They prefer to eat food that is tastier and more widely accepted.

C．They become aware of the harm processed foods do to health.

D．They try to change their way of processing foods little by little.

2.

A．They contain not too many chemical additives.

B．They are cultivated in the soil rich in organic matters.

C．They produce as many calories as processed foods.

D．They are usually grown in commercial farming areas.

3.

A．They are allowed to move about and eat freely.

B．They are tasty though kept in the crowded building.

C．They can hardly grow in a healthy way without good food.

D．They produce eggs which usually contain important vitamins..

2 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。1.

A．To explain a new requirement for graduation.

B．To interest students in a community service project.

C．To discuss the problems of elementary school students.

D．To involve elementary school teachers in a special program.

2.

A．Providing jobs for graduating students.

B．Helping education majors prepare for final exams.

C．Offering tutorials to elementary school students.

D．Funding for a community service project.

3.

A．He teaches part-time in a local elementary school.

B．He observes elementary school students in the classroom.

C．He helps students who need consult prepare their resume.

D．He gives support to students who participate in a special program.

3 . The HISTORY Channel series Alone drops contestants into some of the planet’s most punishing environments, with a bare minimum of clothing, safety and survival gear. In their battle against the elements, contestants are forced to use their fitness, their courage and their creativity to become true survivalists.

Few people choose to be thrown into such extreme situations, but those who do have usually stumbled into some immense bad luck. Just check out one of the famous real-life survival stories:

Mauro Prosperi is an Italian police officer who gained worldwide fame after getting lost in the Sahara Desert in 1994. A keen athlete and long-distance runner, Mauro took part in the 1994 Marathon of the Sands in Morocco, a six-day-long endurance race in one of the driest and barren environments on the planet.

During the race, a sandstorm caused Prosperi, then 39 years old, married and father to three children, to become disoriented. One day after going off track, he found himself in an abandoned Muslim temple in Algeria. In order to survive, he killed and ate bats. For liquid, he was forced to drink his own waste, lick dew off of rocks and suck moisture out of his wet wipes.

Assuming he would never be found, he cut his wrists with a pen knife from his supplies. However, it was such a dry heat that the wounds thickened and concreted, and he was forced to go back into the desert and attempt to find help.

For nine days he walked through the desert and ate insects and cold-blooded animals. Finally, he found a small village. From there he was flown to a hospital, where doctors said his liver had almost completely failed.

Having traveled 180 miles in all, Prosperi lost 35 pounds in body weight during his severe suffering in the desert; it took several months before he could eat solid food again. But he has remained an enthusiastic runner and even returned and completed the race in 2012.

1. Prosperi have to discontinue the Marathon of the Sands because ______.

A．his supplies were running out

B．his children didn’t want to lose him

C．he lost his way for the bad weather

D．he couldn’t tolerate the extreme heat

2. What caused Mauro Prosperi to head back to the desert for help?

A．His intention to heal the wound.	B．His failure to take away his own life.
C．His decreasing interest in food sources.	D．His discomfort with the temple environment.

3. According to the passage, what can be inferred about Mauro Prosperi’s experience?

A．He found an alternative source of water in a traditional way.

B．He demonstrated the determination to survive all the way through.

C．His story was a proof of the worsening relationship between man and nature.

D．His eventual return to the race signified his persistence.

4. What is the primary purpose of the passage?

A．To entertain readers with an awe-inspiring fictional adventure story.

B．To educate readers about the possible dangers of punishing environments.

C．To inspire readers with human’s ability to survive the extreme challenges.

D．To remind readers of the value of essential survival skills and preparedness.

4 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

reflect               B. survival            C. horizon             D. contributors       E. success F. informed       G. collective            H. claims             I. tends              J. communication       K. revolutionized

Food is personal – it reflects our cultural background, lifestyles, values and purchasing power. Food is essential to our     1    : it largely determines our health and well-being. In today’s globalized and rapidly urbanizing world, what we eat is changing. Food systems are changing and becoming increasingly complex and this     2     to create uncertainty and concern for us as consumers. It is critical that civil society representatives and governments     3     on how they engage with consumers to “demystify” the global food system, understand consumers’ views and concerns, provide reliable information to guide healthy and safe food choices and create conditions that enable constructive dialogue and trust.

Unsafe food and unhealthy dietary choices are considered major     4     to the global burden of disease. Our behaviours as consumers can lessen risks of unhealthy diets.     5     consumers are willing to increase their consumption of nutritious foods, providing they are affordable and available, but there has been less     6     in persuading consumers to avoid unhealthy food. Governments, civil society groups and progressive elements of the food industry all have an interest in influencing consumer choices to optimize health. Consumers have the power to drive change. For a growing number, food choices are not only about their own health but about that of future generations and the planet, including the impact on climate change. By turning this     7     interest into action, more consumers can be empowered to make food choices that are good for their health and well-being and the world we live in.

Information tools have been     8     in recent years with the Internet and social media becoming important sources of information but also misinformation. The traditional tools to inform consumers about food and risk – such as labelling, brochures, radio, TV programs, workshops – can be complemented (补充) with innovative     9     tools, which also allow for dialogue and consumer engagement, enhance transparency and accountability and facilitate learning and behaviour change.

Our confidence, as consumers, in regulators and in the management of food systems is more important than ever given the sustainability challenges that lie ahead and the innovations on the         10    .

5 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Talking With — Not Just to — Kids Powers How They Learn Language

Children from the poorer families begin life not only with material disadvantages but cognitive ones. Research for decades    1     (confirm) this, including a famous 1995 finding by psychologists Betty Hart and Todd Risley: By age four children raised in poverty have heard 30 million fewer words, on average, than their peers from wealthier families. That gap has been linked to shakier language skills at the start of school,     2    , in turn, predicts weaker academic performance.

But just the quantity of words a child hears is not the most significant influence on language acquisition. Growing evidence has led researchers     3     (conclude) quality matters more than quantity, and the most valuable quality seems to be back-and-forth communication — what researchers call conversational turns.

A paper     4     (publish) last week in Psychological Science brings a new kind of support to this idea, offering the first evidence that these exchanges play a vital role in the development of Broca’s area, the brain region most closely associated with     5    (produce) speech. Further, the amount of conversational turns a child experiences daily outweighs socioeconomic status in predicting both the activity in Broca’s area and the child’s language skills.

The researchers confirmed the classic 1995 finding that, overall, kids from wealthier families hear more words. And small     6     their sample was, they even confirmed the 30-million-word gap between the poorest and richest children. But they found that “by far     7     (big) driver for brain development was not the number of words spoken but the conversations,” Gabrieli says.

The researchers calculated that a child’s verbal ability score increased     8     one point for every additional 11 conversational exchanges per hour.

The study is a “very, very important” addition to a growing body of work, says developmental psychologist Kathryn Hirsh-Pasek, director of the Infant Language Laboratory at Temple University. “We have known for quite a while that conversational turns — or     9     in my work we call conversational duets — are very important for building a foundation for language and maybe for learning generally. What remains to be done is to link it     10     we know it has to be linked.”

6 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。1.

A．How to book a movie ticket.	B．Whom to see a movie with.
C．Whether to see a movie.	D．Where to see a movie.

2.

A．It has been widely criticized.	B．It has received good comments.
C．It has a totally different style.	D．It has been reviewed many times.

3.

A．It creates better atmosphere.	B．He likes the company of strangers.
C．It is much more relaxing.	D．He dislikes Marvel’s old movies.

4.

A．She felt very tired.	B．She tried to avoid the tall guy.
C．She needed some sleep.	D．She’d like to see the tiny details.

7 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。1.

A．Many leaders are anxious about their team’s productivity.

B．Employees are happier when they work from home.

C．More and more people prefer to work at home now.

D．Working remotely improves employees’ productivity.

2.

A．4%.

B．18%.

C．38%.

D．58%.

3.

A．It can strengthen their leadership.	B．It can help them manage their time.
C．It can relieve them of some concern.	D．It can cause them to set higher goals.

8 .

A．$10.

B．$15.

C．$25.

D．$30.

9 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. backed   B. benefit   C. consumption   D. diversity   E. disordered   F. matter G. perceive   H. led   I. snacking   J. treat   K. wandering

Walking past a corner bakery, you may find yourself drawn in by the fresh smell of sweets wafting from the front door. You're not alone. The knowledge that humans make decisions based on their nose has     1     major brands like Cinnabon and Panera Bread to use the scents of baked goods in their restaurants, leading to big increases in sales.

But according to a new study, the food you ate just before your walk past the bakery may impact your chance of stopping in for a sweet     2    —and not just because you're full. Scientists at Northwestern University found that people became less sensitive to food odors (气味) based on the meal they had eaten just before. So, if you were     3     on baked goods from a coworker before your walk, for example, you may be less likely to stop into that sweet-smelling bakery.

The study found that participants who had just eaten a meal of either cinnamon buns (肉桂面包) or pizza were less likely to     4     "meal-matched" odors, but not non-matched odors. The findings were then     5     by brain scans that showed brain activity in parts of the brain that process odors was altered in a similar way. These findings show that just as smell regulates what we eat, what we eat—in turn—regulates our sense of smell.

Feedback between food intake and the olfactory (嗅觉的) system may have an evolutionary     6    , said senior and corresponding study author Thorsten Kahnt, an assistant professor at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. "If you think about our ancestors     7     around the forest trying to find food, they find and eat berries and then aren't as sensitive to the smell of berries anymore, "Kahnt said. So it could theoretically help facilitate (促进)     8     in food and nutrient intake.

While we may not notice the hunter-gatherer adaptation having an effect on our day-to-day decision-making, the connection between our nose, what we seek out and what we can detect with our nose may still     9    . If the nose isn't working right, for example, the feedback may be disrupted, leading to problems with     10     eating and obesity. There may even be links to disrupted sleep, another tie to the olfactory system the Kahnt lab is researching.

10 . Pretty much everyone has, at some point, made excuses to avoid working on a task they fear. But some people do this more often than others, which can result in disastrous consequences. Regularly putting off difficult or unpleasant tasks can lead to low grades at school, poor performance at work and financial consequences, such as late fees. Procrastination can also harm relationships and even affect your health, as it increases stress levels, sometimes resulting in illness.

It's possible to procrastinate by binge-watching (大量观看) your favorite show or doing other mindless activities, but procrastination doesn't always look like laziness. Some people procrastinate to avoid difficult tasks by working on easier but less important tasks. This can make them feel productive even as they neglect the most important items on their to-do lists.

In order to overcome procrastination, you must first understand why you procrastinate. Perhaps you are a perfectionist, so you find not completing a task less upsetting than doing it badly. Perhaps the task is complicated or confusing, and you don't know where to begin. Or perhaps you are waiting to feel inspired to complete the task or believe that you become better under pressure.

Correcting your thinking can aid you in overcoming procrastination. You probably tend to overestimate how quickly you can finish tasks and how motivated you will feel later. Most work does not need to wait until you feel inspired, and if you begin the task, feelings of inspiration may follow. Further, research shows that despite some people's perceptions (感知), most individuals do not actually produce better work under pressure.

If you are procrastinating because a task seems too overwhelming or too complicated, break it up into smaller pieces that feel more manageable. This can mean doing a part of the task, or dedicating a set amount of time - say, 15 minutes - to working on it.

It may help to think about why the task is important. How will it contribute to your goals? How will it affect other people? What negative consequences could come from not doing it in a timely manner?

Scheduling when you will work on tasks can be helpful as well, and so can ruthlessly eliminating distractions. You may need to put away your phone or go to a quiet room.

Overcoming procrastination is a challenge, but doing so leads to benefits in many areas of life.

1. The word procrastinate in the second paragraph most probably means ______.

A．keep off

B．get off

C．put off

D．take off

2. According to the passage, how many kinds of consequences may result from procrastination?

A．5.

B．2.

C．6.

D．7.

3. What can we conclude from the passage?

A．Nobody can entirely avoid procrastination in his personal life.

B．Doing easier or unimportant tasks can make us more productive.

C．The more pressure we have, the more productive we will become.

D．It's generally more subjective than objective to procrastinate in life.

4. The best title for the passage may be ______.

A．The challenges of procrastination and strategies to solve it

B．The reasons of procrastination and the ways of avoiding it

C．The advantages and disadvantages of procrastination in life

D．The causes and process of procrastination in communication