1 . How to Improve Climate Literacy

Climate literacy is the ability to identify, understand and explain information associated with climate science.     1    

Over the past few years, many young people and educators have pushed for the inclusion of climate literacy in national curricula. So what are the best ways in which this can be embedded within already packed school timetables?

True climate literacy must address not only the science of climate change, but also issues of climate (in)justice, including how climate change affects people and places unevenly and contributes to inequalities within and across nations.

    2     Many people in developed countries like the UK therefore see climate change happening elsewhere and to other people, with less relevance to their own lives.

    3     We need to start highlighting the local effects of climate change to ground abstract understanding in reality.

One way to do this is through visual storytelling. Storytelling, often involving drawings and paintings, has been used by human communities to pass on knowledge or tales of caution for at least 30,000 years — as you can see from the cave painting.

One effect of storytelling is its ability to create cognitive dissonance: the mental conflict and discomfort felt when a person’s behaviour isn’t in line with their beliefs. Stories that demonstrate the consequences of not acting eco-consciously — especially if those consequences are shown visually — can be a good way to do this, leading to individuals being more likely to take climate action in their own lives or by confronting corporate activities.

A．Therefore, the teachers we worked with remarked that lessons are typically focused on the physical processes of climate change.

B．However, at present, much of climate change education is focused on the physical aspects of climate change, often at a global scale.

C．The next stages of our research will reflect how a separated community has come together through this journey towards climate literacy.

D．Being climate literate allows individuals to become active participants in the fight against climate change.

E．This collective psychological distancing means many fail to recognise the urgency of the climate crisis.

2 . Coca-Cola Launched Coke-branded Energy Drinks

Coca-Cola recently said it was considering adding a new drink, Coca-Cola Energy, to its list of Coke products.

    1     Both companies have said that they value the relationship, but Coca-Cola CEO James Quincey is pushing for aggressive growth, and he’s not afraid to upset some feathers.

The energy drink is one of the fastest-growing parts of the drink industry, and it’s highly profitable because consumers are used to paying more for energy drinks than soft drinks. Plus, some people already drink Coke for caffeine. It’s a natural brand extension.

    2     That means that energy drinks compete with other types of drinks, and that people who may not seek out an energy drink may still be looking for an energy boost.

    3     In that way, the new drink could serve as addition, rather than competitor, to Monster.

A．Monster, Coca-Cola’s energy drink partner, isn’t excited with the plan.

B．Pretty much every drink category is experimenting with making full use of energy sections.

C．Coke recognized the importance of energy drinks when it struck a deal with Monster in 2014.

D．By using natural ingredients and its recognizable brand, Coke may be going after consumers who wouldn’t reach for a Monster drink.

E．Recently, consumers have been looking for functional ingredients — like caffeine for energy — in everything from sparkling water to juice.

3 . The fastest growing ‘new language’ in the world is emoticons (faces) and emojis (images of objects, which hail from Japan), which are one of the biggest changes caused by digital communications. “Facial expressions, visual presence and body language have always been vital to being a confident speaker, but now emojis are blurring the lines between verbal and written communication,” thinks Kermode, who adds that cavemen had early versions of emojis on the sides of their caves. “Pictures, cartoons or emojis are ‘shortcuts’ so we can be clear about what our message really means.”

Which of the following statement correctly interprets the underlined sentence but now emojis are blurring the lines between verbal and written communication in paragraph 5?

A．Emojis are mixing up the spoken words and the written words in our daily conversations.

B．Emojis are making the differences between spoken and written communication less clear.

C．Emojis are in line with spoken and written expressions.

D．Emojis are helping spoken and written communication become more straight-forward.

4 . To tease apart these features of emotion regulation, Varma designed an experimental situation in which they put participants into an “emotion induction (引导)” treatment. Participants read a story that was intended to cause a negative emotion such as a hit-and-run car accident or the death of your dog.

The underlined phrase “tease apart” (Para 3, Line 1) is closest in meaning to _________.

A．identify

B．combine

C．emphasize

D．dominate

5 .        Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists. Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike? Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort — the desire to explore, explain, and understand our world — is simply something that comes from our babyhood. Perhaps evolution provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children. The same cognitive (认知的) systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists. As some psychologists put it, “It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.”
What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

A．The world may be more clearly explained through children’s play.

B．Studying babies’ play may lead to a better understanding of science.

C．Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists.

D．One’s drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows.

6 . But Disney’s story actually started two decades earlier with what Walt Disney called "Daddy’s Day". On Saturdays in the 1930s and 1940s, Disney would take his two daughters to ride the Griffith Park merry-go-round, which they’d enjoy while he sat on a bench dreaming of ways for families to have fun together. Disney disliked the amusement parks they often visited, seeing them as dirty, unimaginative places run by rude employees.

Disneyland opened then. The 5,000 expected guests increased to 28,154, thanks to fake tickets. After the madness of opening day, Disney and his new park were criticized in the press. The media predicted a quick and early end. But the public didn’t listen. Visitors arrived in large groups, and within weeks Disneyland was a success.

Over sixty years later, Disneyland’s popularity continues to grow, with total overall attendance topping 700 million and showing no signs of slowing down.

Which is the best title for the passage?

A．Disneyland: How It All Began	B．Disneyland: An Overnight Success
C．Disneyland: How It Developed	D．Disneyland: A Park with a Long History

7 . People with a rare genetic disorder known as Prader-Willi syndrome never feel full, and this excess hunger can lead to life-threatening obesity (肥胖症). Scientists studying the problem have now found that the fist-shaped structure known as the cerebellum (小脑) — which had not previously been linked to hunger — is key to regulating satiation (饱食) in those with this condition.
What does the passage mainly talk about?

A．How our brain controls overeating.

B．How the aDCN works up our appetite.

C．How Prader-Willi syndrome can be prevented.

D．How lowering food intake benefits our overall health.

8 . Scientist can’t foresee the possible effects of GE foods, yet we eat them every day without even knowing it. We already have enough food, so why create more that could be potentially harmful to us, to the Earth and to all wildlife? I think that the benefits are amazing, but until we know for sure how these foods will affect us, they are not worth the risk.

What’s the author’s attitude towards genetic engineering?

A．welcoming

B．disapproving

C．unconcerned

D．optimistic

9 . WE COMBAT ANIMAL DISEASES TOGETHER!

We want to prevent serious animal diseases such as foot and mouth disease, classical swine fever and African swine fever from spreading to Finland. These and other animal diseases can be transmitted from one country to another by animals or by meat and dairy products even if they are packed for personal consumption or intended as gifts. Travelers like you play an important role in preventing the spread of animal diseases.

Don’t bring meat, meat products, milk and dairy products from non-EU countries to Finland!

A ban on personal imports applies to meat and dairy products brought into Finland by travelers or ordered and sent through the post. The ban applies to food stuffs intended for personal consumption or as gifts and to pet food. If you have food products of animal origin with you, throw them in a waste container in the point of entry or contact Customs!

Whom is this notice intended for?

A．Food importers in Finland.	B．Travelers to Finland.
C．Citizens in EU countries.	D．Medical staff from non-EU countries.

10 . Many amusics are happy when their condition is finally diagnosed (诊断). For years, Margaret felt embarrassed about her problem with music. Now she knows that she is not alone. There is a name for her condition. That makes it easier for her to explain. “When people invite me to a concert, I just say, ‘No thanks, I’m amusic,’” says Margaret. “I just wish I had learned to say that when I was seventeen and not seventy.”

In the last paragraph, Margaret expressed her wish that ________.

A．her problem with music had been diagnosed earlier

B．she were seventeen years old rather than seventy

C．her problem could be easily explained

D．she were able to meet other amusics