1 . The second experiment on how to grow crops on Mars and moon soil simulant(模拟装置)has given a surprising outcome. As a result of what the researchers of Wageningen University & Research center in the Netherlands learned from their first experiment, they were able to grow ten different crop species. Tomatoes, peas, rye, garden rocket, radish and garden cress were harvested.
A few improvements have been made since the first experiment. Researcher Wieger Wamelink said, “We used trays instead of original small pots and added organic material (fresh cut grass) to the Mars and moon soil simulant. This solved the problem we had with watering in the first experiment and also added manure(肥料)to the soils.” In particular, the crop growth on the moon soil simulant showed improvement. While in the first moon soil experiment most plants died, in the next round they flourished, and the researchers could harvest from the same species as on the Mars soil simulant and the Earth potting compost(混合肥料)control.
The production of biomass(生物量)on the Mars soil simulant was lower than on Earth control, but it was a minor difference and caused by one of the trays that showed less growth. It was also not statistically different from the Earth control. “That was a real surprise to us,” comments Wamelink. “It shows that the Mars soil simulant has great potential when properly prepared and watered. The biomass growth on the moon soil simulant was less than on both other soils, about half of the biomass. Only the spinach(菠菜)showed poor biomass production.”
Although the researchers harvested several eatable crops, they did not eat them. The soils contain heavy metals like lead, arsenic and mercury and also a lot of iron. If the components become available for the plants, they may be taken up and find their way into the fruits, making them poisonous. Further research on this is necessary and that is one of the reasons why a crowdfunding(众筹)campaign has been started to finance the third experiment that will be all about food safety. If the crops prove to be safe enough to eat, the funders will be invited for dinner where a ‘Martian meal’ will be served that includes the harvested crops; at least for those who dare!
1. What do the researchers gain from the first experiment?| A．They can harvest ten crop species. |
| B．They learn what the organic material is. |
| C．They’re sure that they will succeed next time. |
| D．They learn they have to change the plant containers. |
| A．The process of how to plant crops on soil simulant in the experiment. |
| B．In spite of some drawbacks, the Mars soil simulant has great potential. |
| C．The reasons why the production of biomass on the Mars soil simulant was lower. |
| D．The production of biomass on the Mars soil simulant is obviously different from that on the Earth control |
| A．What they harvested was not eatable. |
| B．They haven’t got enough funding support. |
| C．The crops may contain various poisonous substances. |
| D．The production of the crops was lower than that on the Earth control. |
| A．Crops Grown on Fake Mars and Moon Soil |
| B．Time to Crowdfund Eatable Crops |
| C．Growing Plants on Mars and the Moon |
| D．Colony in Outer-space Becomes Reality |
2 . London and Paris are two of Europe’s biggest tourist destinations, just a few hours away from each other by road or rail and an hour’s distance by air. What about the train-ferry combination that many recall fondly from their childhoods? Well, though it’s budget-saving, this option is too time-consuming today, so better leave it to your memories. Since the UK is not part the Schengen Area, passengers need to go through passport control prior to boarding.
Air trips
Though flying between London and Paris is by no means recommended, there are still a few people traveling between the two dynamic cities by air. A very low one-way fare is possible through advanced booking, but of course it’s rare, and that doesn’t include the taxi and rail fares traveling to and from the airports.
* One-way fares from Paris can be as low as 49;
* From London, Air France flies with fares as low as £39(46), and British Airways as low as £48 (56).
Rail trips
The only direct train between London and Paris is the Eurostar, which travels 15 -17 times per weekday. Eurostar’s 2015 edition trains can make the journey in two hours at speeds of up to 320 km/h. Besides, they offer good seating space.
* Fares begin at a reasonable £58(68), round trip;
* The earlier you book, the more you save.
Bus trips
The bus is by far the least expensive and longest way to travel between Paris and London. Eurolines and OUIBUS are two major bus lines traveling between the two capitals. The journey takes between seven and nine hours. Both lines advertise free Wi-Fi.
* One-way Eurolines fares begin at 15;
* One-way OUIBUS fares begin at 15 too, but early bird sales can even lower the fare.
1. Which way is probably the cheapest for a round trip?| A．By train-ferry. | B．By air. | C．By rail. | D．By bus. |
| A．Free booking. | B．Taxi pickup. |
| C．Good seating space. | D．Free Wi-Fi. |
| A．There are different competing companies. |
| B．They are cheaper if booked ahead of time. |
| C．They are more expensive from the Paris end. |
| D．There are still additional fees to be included. |
3 . 阅读下面材料， 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I was a proud mother of three children, my last little one being delivered in the middle of this pandemic. She was born in August and her name is Aida.
Shortly after having Aida, my mother-in-law showed me something she learned from her friend’s mother in an art class she attended weekly. She had shown me how to knit a scarf (织围巾). She showed me stitches and gave me her half done project. I spent a lot of time breastfeeding my sweet little girl, so I had some extra time to do something with my hands throughout the day. I enjoyed making the scarf so I purchased tons of yarn since it was winter. I wanted to make scarves for my three children as Christmas gifts.
There was a new family that moved in down the street. The only daughter of the family was Jane, a shy girl, aged 14, the same age of my oldest son David. It seemed that she came from a financially disadvantaged family, for she always wore old clothes. Worse still, in such cold days, she had no more clothes to wear and trembled with cold.
Due to the pandemic, society was thrown into crisis mode. Schools were closed, food supplies and deliveries were suspended and children were stuck at home. In such discouraging times, however, they became good companions, talking and playing at home or around the houses.
It was dreadfully cold this winter. Every time David came back from outside, with red face, he always cried, “Mum, it’s freezing outside!” then he came over to see whether I finished the scarf. I could tell how impatient he was to wear my scarf sooner! I had to speed the project to satisfy his expectation. But David comforted me saying he could wait a few days. What a kind and considerate boy he was! Then my great project finally was accomplished on the morning ahead of Christmas.
注意：
1.续写词数应为 150 左右
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I wrapped the scarf around David’s neck.
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Later that day David came back saying Jane also needed a scarf.
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4 . Kings Camps
About Our CampsKings Camps is part of the Kings Active Foundation and is devoted to helping young people reach their potential. We provide sports camps and summer camps at over 40 places across the UK for children aged 4-17. We bring together the very best parts of sports and holiday clubs to provide friendship, fun and exciting adventures for young people from the UK and around the world.
Why Choose Kings Camps※Creative, inspiring camps: We have a strong belief that sport has an important role to play in a happy childhood and our not-for-money state enables us to provide some places and invest in new and creative ways to inspire.
※Learn important life skills: Kings Camps prepare children with important life skills and an understanding that being active is important to health and well-being.
※International students are welcome: We welcome children from outside of the UK who will make friends here by communicating with kids from different backgrounds, but we do require that they at least understand English to make sure of their safety and that of others, and of course their enjoyment.
CommentsRyan has enjoyed every part. When we’ve asked about his day, he’s said it was “amazing and fantastic”. All the staff are extremely friendly, enthusiastic and have a true belief in what they are doing.
— Tracy Lee
Fantastic & friendly staff! It’s an action-packed week of multiple sports. My sweetheart made new friends, overcame swimming fears & came away more confident too! I cannot recommend it enough!
— Kay Court
1. What does Kings Camps aim to do?| A．Mix sports and holiday clubs. |
| B．Get kids to play outdoors. |
| C．Provide adventurous and challenging camps. |
| D．Encourage kids to develop their potential. |
| A．Awareness of safety. |
| B．Love for media. |
| C．Basic English ability. |
| D．Good communicating skills. |
| A．Parents. | B．Teachers. | C．Campers. | D．Staff. |
5 . In January, 2021, the ice-making work on the ”Ice Ribbon“, a landmark venue for the Beijing Winter Olympics, was completed.
In the Winter Olympics, where races can be won or lost by a small time gap, tiny imperfections in the ice can make all the differences. ”It’s not just a hunk of ice like you’d normally think of, like ice cubes sitting in your freezer,“ told Kenneth Golden, a U. S. mathematician who studies the structures of ice. ”It’s a much more fascinating and complex substance than people would normally think.“
The first step for building any ice rink is to purify the water to remove dissolved solids like salts and minerals. Such impurities don’t fit in the regular hexagonal(六边形的)structure of ice that forms as water freezes. The purer the water, the more consistent the ice surface.
In addition to the need for excellence in the raw materials of ice-making, technology is also very important, As one of the most advanced technologies for winter sports venues, a carbon dioxide cooling technology has been applied on a large scale for the Beijing Winter Olympic Games. CO2 , is not new when it comes to ice-making. However, it has been gradually replaced by the man-made refrigerant, like Freon.
With increasing attention toward climate change, the old refrigerant has come into use again. As an element of the atmosphere, CO2, doesn’t damage the ozone layer. Although CO2 is a greenhouse gas, its greenhouse effect is much lower than that of other synthetic refrigerants. The Winter Olympics venues adopted CO2 instead of Freon as a refrigerant in ice-making, which will reduce carbon dioxide emissions greatly.
”We believe these technological innovations will bring Beijing 2022 to spectators all over the world in a more impressive way.“ told Gao Bo from the Media Operations Department of the Beijing Organizing Committee for the 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games.
1. What is the result of impurities in water for ice-making?| A．The water isn’t able to freeze completely. |
| B．The quality of the ice will be affected. |
| C．The ice surface will be more consistent. |
| D．It’s likely for athletes to fall on the ice. |
| A．It’s the most advanced technology for ice-making. |
| B．CO2 is more efficient than other refrigerants. |
| C．CO2 is more environmentally friendly than Freon. |
| D．CO2 has already existed in the atmosphere. |
| A．Unclear. | B．Opposed. | C．Doubtful. | D．Favorable. |
| A．The Beijing Winter Olympic Games Are Coming |
| B．Beneath Olympic Ice |
| C．The Use of Refrigerants in Olympic Games |
| D．The Structure of Ice |
In 1949, the Basketball Association of America (BAA) and the National Basketball League (NBL) came together to form the National Basketball Association (NBA). In 1996 the NBA
The NBA is one of the four major professional sports
In 1992, the United States Olympic men’s basketball team was called the “Dream Team”. For the first time there were players from the NBA. Among them were Michael Jordan and Larry Bird. There’s no doubt
Yao Ming became the first international player without college experience in the US
Yao became the third Chinese national ever to play in the NBA. The first was Wang Zhizhi. He joined the Dallas Mavericks in 2001. The second was Mengke Bateer. He made his first NBA appearance in 2002.
7 . My daughter had been accepted into graduate school. After months of praying (祷告) for her as she
I
I drove up and down streets, hoping to
“Excuse me, ma’am,” a stranger bent and whispered in my ear. “Can you
“Thank you, ma’am. God bless you,” he said. I smiled widely.
When I had given up on the task I had planned, the
| A．considered | B．provided | C．analyzed | D．completed |
| A．familiar | B．special | C．creative | D．interesting |
| A．determined | B．demanded | C．pretended | D．continued |
| A．water | B．clothes | C．money | D．paper |
| A．relied on | B．focused on | C．called on | D．took on |
| A．question | B．reason | C．rule | D．task |
| A．find | B．control | C．describe | D．instruct |
| A．permission | B．consideration | C．success | D．failure |
| A．Finally | B．Suddenly | C．Generally | D．Accidentally |
| A．collect | B．exchange | C．charge | D．spare |
| A．simply | B．secretly | C．carefully | D．properly |
| A．solution | B．response | C．doubt | D．struggle |
| A．found | B．happened | C．delayed | D．disappeared |
| A．view | B．measure | C．decision | D．chance |
| A．unusual | B．unfriendly | C．unexpected | D．unimportant |
8 . The concept of showing movies outdoors isn’t novel. However, it let an auto-parts salesman such as Hollingshead find a way to give a car-loving society one more activity they could do in their cars.
He first imagined the drive-in as the answer to a problem. “His mother was rather fat for indoor theater seats,” says Jim Kopp of the United Drive-in Theatre Owners Association. “So he seated her in a car and put a 1928 projector (放映机) on top of the car, and tied two bed sheets to trees in his yard.”
Hollingshead experimented for a few years before he created a ramp (坡道) system for cars to park at different heights so everyone could see the screen. He opened the gates to his theater in 1933. A few others followed.
“Drive-ins started to take off in the 1950s,” Kopp says. “They offered family entertainment. People could sit in their cars and bring their babies... Drive-ins offered more comfort than indoor theaters.” The indoor theaters were easier about scheduling, and could show one film five or six times a day instead of only at night.
D. Vogel, owner of the Benjies Drive-In near Baltimore, Md, says the price of land is the real reason many drive-ins disappeared. “People would build on the outer areas of town, and the town would grow,” he says. “Many drive-ins were mom-and-pop businesses that few sons and daughers chose to continue running. The results were a decreasing (减少的) number of drive-ins throughout the country.” Today about 400 drive-ins remain in the United States and another 100 drive-ins exist mainly in Canada and Australia.
“The digital cinema will be both a threat and an opportunity for drive-in owners,” says Patrick Corcoran, the association’s director of media and research. “Digital will allow them to get new movies sooner than they do. But the digital cinemas will be expensive to manage, and some people may not be able to do it.”
Kopp of course bets on the drive-ins’ survival. He and his wife bought an outdoor theatre. He says they have invested about $300,000 to modernize the technology. Today the theatre can hold 265 cars and show movies on a 60-foot-by-80-foot screen.
1. Why did Hollingshead let his mother watch the movie in a car?| A．It was too noisy in the theater. |
| B．His mother loved staying in a car. |
| C．There would be more space for his mother. |
| D．It was difficult for his mother to see clearly in a theater. |
| A．They can sell more tickets than indoor theaters. |
| B．They give people more freedom to do things. |
| C．They take less space than indoor theaters. |
| D．They are much cheaper than indoor theaters. |
| A．The appearance of digital cinemas. |
| B．The decreasing number of first runs. |
| C．The competition from indoor theaters. |
| D．The high price of land that drive-ins took. |
| A．Positive. | B．Concerned. |
| C．Critical. | D．Doubtful. |
9 . Welcome to our free resources for first aid (急救)
First-aid education has been included in the health curriculum for schools in England. Now, more children and young people will acquire the skills they need to save a life.
To celebrate the change, we’re launching a brand-new teaching website. It’s aimed at all schools in the UK.
We understand that, for some people, teaching first aid can be quite frightening — especially if you’ve never done it before. So, we’ve designed these free resources to help you confidently deliver lessons in line with the new curriculum.
Here’s how:
●Each first-aid skill focuses on one key action.
●The teaching resources provide you with all the guidance you need.
●The resources have easy-to-follow lesson plans that save you time in preparing for your classes.
This new interactive (互动的) learning website will include:
●a multimedia library with supporting materials you need for each lesson
●different learning activities for those aged 5-18
●a full curriculum mapping for the new requirements in England
How will it benefit learners?
Through all kinds of practical activities, learners will:
●have skills, confidence and willingness to act when someone needs first aid
●learn first aid for common injuries and what to do in a first-aid emergency
●develop basic life skills, including how to deal with challenging situations
●get other ideas such as kindness, safety and sharing learning with others
If you have any questions, please contact reducation@redcross.org.uk.
1. Who is the text written for?| A．Students. | B．Parents. |
| C．Teachers. | D．Doctors. |
| A．Making first aid learning fun. |
| B．Making first aid easy to teach. |
| C．Being based on life experiences. |
| D．Being open to learners of all ages. |
| A．They can treat various common injuries. |
| B．They can be quite willing to perform first aid. |
| C．They can gain basic medical knowledge. |
| D．They can build up confidence in challenging jobs. |
10 . Luis Ortiz loves to build houses. All the houses he builds have one thing in
For many years, Luis and his mom shared a bedroom in a tiny apartment, but Luis wished for his own bedroom. His mom was
“A dream came true.” Luis said, “That first night, I felt very delighted in my own home. I wanted other kids to have a(n)
Kids
Since 2008, more than 1,000 house-banks have been
| A．detail | B．mind | C．common | D．sight |
| A．borrows | B．describes | C．sells | D．decorates |
| A．saving | B．crying | C．receiving | D．waiting |
| A．so | B．or | C．and | D．but |
| A．mom | B．house | C．bed | D．pet |
| A．food | B．money | C．animals | D．toys |
| A．paid | B．returned | C．donated | D．threw |
| A．chance | B．opinion | C．question | D．idea |
| A．successful | B．rich | C．fortunate | D．lovely |
| A．afford | B．find | C．help | D．choose. |
| A．collected | B．tested | C．designed | D．operated |
| A．doubted | B．understood | C．refused | D．loved |
| A．coins | B．numbers | C．wishes | D．papers |
| A．. rest | B．sale | C．ability | D．end |
| A．crashed | B．run | C．ordered | D．raised |
