1 . It is nearly dawn, and the yellow moon has just set behind coconut trees. Spots of pink appear in the sky and a glorious red ball of fire slowly rises. Birds have begun to gather in their hundreds in the Changaram wetland in Kerala’s Alappuzha district. George, with binoculars glued to his eyes, is busy recognizing the birds: “Little egrets, garganeys…” He pauses. “But what are those three there? Ah, spot-billed ducks,” he says when he spots the typical band of brilliant jade-green on the wings.
His binoculars are off his eyes now, but his fingers are flying over his phone screen, typing the names of the species he has sighted on eBird, an app where birdwatchers upload real-time information on species. As a citizen scientist, he has been one Bird for three years and takes pride in being the country’s “eighth best eBirder” based on the number of his check-lists.
eBird is just now drawing in ordinary people into the process of ecological (生态学的) science and conservation. Citizen scientists can ask questions, volunteer to collect data, and analyse them. For researchers, citizen scientists are a boon: with their large numbers, they can contribute extensive data over vast geographical areas, something trained scientists could not dream of gathering either individually or in teams.
While it may appear to be a new concept, the public has always participated in ecological science, said a team of American scientists in a 2012 study. Chinese citizens and officials, for instance, tracked locust (蝗虫) a tacks for at least 3,500 years although they did not know their observations would later be used for science.
Today, thanks to smartphones, the Internet and the endless possibilities of apps, citizen science has truly come of age around the world, helping create a vast and valuable collection of data.
1. Why does George visit the Changaram wetland?| A．To enjoy the sunrise. | B．To collect bird data. |
| C．To protect the wetland. | D．To observe bird habitats. |
| A．It is aimed at training citizens into scientists. |
| B．It is placed eighth among the country’s apps. |
| C．It selects species information for birdwatchers. |
| D．It promotes the development of citizen science. |
| A．target | B．challenge | C．benefit | D．threat |
| A．locust research started 3500 years ago in China |
| B．the public seldom played a role in scientific research |
| C．ordinary citizens have long been in ecological science |
| D．the records of locust attacks failed to be used for science |
Jenny was very nervous. She had a swimming competition in the morning and could not sleep. She tossed and turned all night. She was no stranger to competition. In fact, she loved it. Jenny was very athletic and was not only part of a swim team, but a soccer team, as well. She even won a soccer championship with her teammates last year. But this particular swimming competition was important. She had made it all the way to the finals and didn’t want to let her teammates down.
When her alarm went off at 6: 00 am, she hit the snooze button and rolled onto her side, wishing she could just stay in bed all day. Having slept so poorly, Jenny was not at all ready for the day. After a few minutes, she stretched her arms above her head and yawned before throwing her covers back and climbing out of bed.
She was terribly anxious about the competition, so much that she couldn’t even eat breakfast. It felt as though she got butterflies in her stomach. Jenny’s mother looked concerned. “You have to eat something,” she said. “It’s important to keep your strength up.”
“I know, I’m just not hungry this morning,” Jenny replied, picking at her eggs with a fork. All she could think about was facing the competition. What if she performed poorly? What if she disappointed her coach and teammates? She wouldn’t be able to forgive herself.
Jenny’s mom sensed her daughter’s worry and gave her a comforting pat on the back. “You’ll be great, dear. Just do your best. That’s all that matters.”
Jenny felt a bit of relief and appreciated her mother’s kind words. But by the time she got to the athletic club where the swim meet was being held, that feeling of comfort had disappeared. She went to the locker room to prepare for the competition.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
When she opened her gym bag, she was quite surprised to see her soccer uniform and realized she had grabbed the wrong bag.
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Jenny headed for the swimming pool with a bright smile.
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3 . Looking for a good job is a fierce competition for graduates, so we must be careful to make our personal choices. Our family and friends may say it doesn’t matter whatever we are wearing, but the workplace may not.
Some companies forbid visible tattoos (纹身), nose rings, or certain odd dress styles. A high school newspaper editor says it is unfair to judge a person by his appearance. However, as for me, I think we have to admit what we wear does convey certain messages. What we wear, including tattoos and nose rings, is an expression of our identity and our thoughts. So it makes sense that companies dress standards exist in the business world, but the main concern is often about what customers accept.
Others may argue what we dress is a matter of personal freedom, but for companies it is more about whether they can make money. Most employers do care about the personal appearances of their employees because those people represent the companies to their customers.
I am paid to be a hiring manager and to choose the people who would make the best impression on our customers. There are so many qualified candidates, so it is not wrong to refuse someone who might disappoint my customers. Even though I am open-minded, I can’t expect all our customers are.
You should be responsible for yourself, if the company says your dress does not match the standards. No company should have to change to satisfy a candidate simply because he or she is unwilling to respect its standards, as long as its standards are legal.
1. Which of the following will the newspaper editor agree with according to Paragraph 2?| A．The candidate should also be treated equally even if he wears tattoos or nose rings. |
| B．What people dress is only a way to carry messages about themselves. |
| C．It isn’t encouraged to wear strange dress styles. |
| D．Companies dress standards will be influenced by customers’ choices. |
| A．Candidates have the freedom to decide what to wear for an interview. |
| B．Because customers’ choices matter most, what to wear is not a matter of personal choice. |
| C．As a hiring manager, one should make the best impression on their candidates. |
| D．Companies sometimes have to change their standards to meet their candidates’ need. |
| A．Your Appearances Matter | B．Personal Choices Matter |
| C．Employers Matter | D．Hiring Managers Matter |
| A．Disagreeable. | B．Unconcerned. | C．Favorable. | D．Objective. |
In low spirits I watched the workers packing things into our space vehicle(交通工具). It was too bad that we had to move to Mars. I was hoping to get a puppy(小狗)this summer, not a one-way ticket to a planet of red rocks.
“I know you’re disappointed, Cassie,” Mom said. “But I’ve been offered my dream job. And the rocket is first-class. We can travel to Mars in eight days instead of eight months. We’ll come back-finally.”
As Mom went to answer a worker’s question, I sat and pulled grass from the ground. There was no grass on Mars, I thought. Or flowers. Or animals. There’s almost nothing alive on that red wasteland! If only Mom wasn’t an aeronautical(航空)engineer and Dad wasn’t a climatologist(气象学家). If they were zoologists, we could stay on Earth and hang out with animals!
Mom called, saying the vehicle was ready for launch. I walked slowly behind my parents. If only I had a puppy, then maybe moving to Mars wouldn’t feel so awful.
The flight was fast! Soon we reached the red planet. Several of my parents’ scientist friends welcomed us to space. We took a quick tour of the laboratories and everyone talked about things I didn’t understand. Then, we paused at a door. Everyone stopped speaking and looked at me. Mom touched a button on the wall.
注意：1. 所续写短文的词数应为100左右；
2. 至少使用3个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分为一段，开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
“We thought you might like to help out in here,” Mom said to me.
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5 . As a medical student, I was absorbed in studying and hardly spoke with real patients in a hospital. Then I started visiting local hospitals to gather
One cold evening, I was “hunting” for the final three patients I needed to
Ms. A then talked about herself. She told me that her husband died and her pay as a cleaner was
Ms. A taught me one of the most important
| A．material | B．record | C．news | D．evidence |
| A．start | B．stop | C．complete | D．continue |
| A．differing | B．resulting | C．recovering | D．hearing |
| A．intention | B．protection | C．instruction | D．function |
| A．bow | B．rise | C．escape | D．stay |
| A．normal | B．common | C．ordinary | D．usual |
| A．although | B．when | C．until | D．after |
| A．awfully | B．narrowly | C．absolutely | D．extremely |
| A．attempted | B．managed | C．failed | D．expected |
| A．faint | B．dull | C．high | D．blank |
| A．happily | B．proudly | C．quietly | D．nervously |
| A．crashed | B．changed | C．guided | D．struck |
| A．reply | B．value | C．skill | D．point |
| A．permission | B．admiration | C．amazement | D．agreement |
| A．sorry | B．thankful | C．glad | D．angry |
| A．focused | B．relieved | C．excited | D．confused |
| A．belief | B．luck | C．promise | D．duty |
| A．gifts | B．classes | C．lessons | D．means |
| A．inspiration | B．patience | C．determination | D．convenience |
| A．spare | B．waste | C．kill | D．save |
6 . We often hear honesty is the best policy, and no one likes to be called a liar.But is dishonesty always wrong? Not necessarily.
According to psychologists,there are two types of lies: lies that help your relationships and the people around you are called prosocial lies; and lies that hurt them are called antisocial lies.
How often have you clicked “Like” on Wechat Moment, not because you actually like what your friends posted, but because you want to show your support? This white lie is an example of a prosocial lie. But when people tell lies on social networks to make their own lives seem more exciting，or to make others jealous, this is antisocial lying.
Workplace lies range from harmless lies to destructive untruthful statements. An example of a prosocial workplace lie is complimenting someone on their presentation — even though it was only average — because you know they were nervous beforehand. In this case your intention is simply to protect your colleague’s feelings. However, people sometimes tell bigger lies at work for the purpose of avoiding blame or to stay on the boss’s good side. These are antisocial lies. They are antisocial because your boss is likely to discover the truth and as a result, will probably stop trusting you.
Lying is also a significant part of the natural world. So it’s little wonder we resort to it almost reflexively. Human babies sometimes pretend to cry, check to see if anyone is listening, and then start crying again. By the age of five, children learn to say things that are completely untrue, and most nine-yearolds have mastered keeping secrets to protect themselves.
Lying can be incredibly harmful to our relationships and to the people around us. But that’s only true for antisocial lies. Prosocial lies have the opposite effect — they can actually help us.
1. What may help us tell a prosocial lie from an antisocial lie?| A．The purpose it serves. | B．The way it is told. |
| C．The occasion where it is told. | D．The people it is told to. |
| A．We usually tell prosocial lies to protect our own feelings. |
| B．Lying always hurts both the liar and the person being lied to. |
| C．Lying on social media is prosocial, but facetoface lying isn’t. |
| D．Sometimes, making people feel good benefits more than telling the absolute truth. |
| A．Lies That Harm Us | B．Lying is A Second Nature |
| C．Lies That We Need to Tell | D．Honesty is the Best Policy |
Missus Sommers one day found herself the unexpected owner of fifteen dollars. It seemed to be a very large amount of money for her. For a day or two, she walked around in a dreamy state as she thought about her choices. Her daughter Janie was wearing worn shoes and needed new ones. And she would buy new shirts for the boys. Her daughter Mag should have another dress. And still there would be enough left for new stockings for her children. The idea about how to spend the dollars made her restless with excitement.
On the day she planned to go shopping with the money and shopping note, she ate a light meal ---no! Between getting the children fed and the house cleaned, and preparing herself to go shopping, she forgot to eat at all.
When she arrived at the large department store, she spotted a pile of silk stockings at the entrance. A sign nearby announced that they had been reduced in price. A young girl behind the counter asked her if she wished to examine the silky leg coverings. She smiled as if she had been asked to inspect diamond jewelry, and started to feel the soft, expensive items. Missus Sommers picked up a black pair and looked at them closely. Excitement suddenly showed on her pale face. She looked up at the shop girl and said proudly, “Well, I will buy this pair. ”
Missus Sommers changed her cotton stockings for the new silk ones in the ladies’ rest area. She had let herself be controlled by some machine-like force that directed her actions and freed her of responsibility.
How good was the touch of the silk on her skin! Then she put her shoes back on and put her old stockings into her bag. Next, she went to the shoe department, where she tried on a new pair of boots. Her feet and ankles looked lovely. She could not believe that they were a part of herself.
注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已写好；
Para 1: After buying the new pair of boots, she walked into the clothing department.
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Para 2:She was about to leave the store when a kid running around reminded her of something.
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1. Where does the conversation probably take place?
| A．In a concert | B．In a studio | C．In a school |
| A．He started to write music at ten. |
| B．He enjoys giving concerts in schools. |
| C．He has sold out all of his CDs. |
| A．Excellent. | B．Creative. | C．Just so so. |
1. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
| A．Inexperienced drivers. | B．A terrible car accident. | C．Safe driving on the road. |
| A．A car cuts in at will. |
| B．A car is close behind her car. |
| C．A car turns without turn signals. |
1. What have Frazer and Peter done recently?
| A．They have enjoyed going swimming. |
| B．They have worked on the computer. |
| C．They have done lots of homework. |
| A．To earn money. | B．To help his brother. | C．To win a prize. |
| A．It’s on sale around the country. | B．It took 200 days to finish it. | C．It helps to learn words. |
