1 . Vinegar makes salad，fries and dumplings taste better， and you can even use it to clean your windows． And now， according to scientists， it may even the planet's population survive climate change．

Researchers from the RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science （CSRS） in Japan found that growing plants in vinegar makes them more resistant to droughts． This could mean that in the future， worries about climate change affecting the world's supply of food will be much lower． The discovery was made after the researchers studied the Arabidopsis， a plant known for its ability to survive in dry weather． It was found that when the plant was placed in drought﹣like conditions， it produced a chemical called acetate（醋酸盐）﹣the main component of vinegar．

After discovering this， the scientists experimented further by adding acetate to the soil of other plants， before they stopped giving them water completely． After leaving the plants for 14days， they found that the ones treated with acetate had survived， while the untreated plants had dried up and died．

It's hoped that this simple method of survival could soon be used to help farmers in dry countries keep their crops alive． "In the experiment， we targeted the staple foods of the world﹣rice， wheat and maize﹣and the basic plant of breeding species， rapeseed（油菜籽），" Jong Myong Kim， co﹣author of the study， told Popular Science magazine．

Kim also told the magazine he's already been in touch with people all over the world who are interested in trying this simple and cost﹣effective method out for themselves from flower growing companies to amateur gardeners． Although at this point keeping thirsty plants alive isn't as easy as just pouring vinegar over them， Kim said he and his team are working on making the process as simple as possible． "Now we are trying to cooperate with some farmers， and also some companies， to make a method to apply this system， "he said． And for those of us who always forget to ask our neighbors to water our plants when we goaway， hopefully this means the end of returning home from a trip to find our favorite flowers have died．

1. What is the article mainly about？

A．The world's food supply will be increased．

B．Plants better survive droughts．

C．The Arabidopsis is resistant to droughts．

D．Vinegar could be used to fight droughts．

2. It was discovered that acetate can　 　．

A．be used by farmers to replace soil

B．only be produced by the Arabidopsis

C．help plants survive dry conditions

D．be used to improve poor soil

3. What are the target plants of the experiment？

A．all breeding species．

B．wheat and Arabidopisis．

C．rice and maize．

D．rapeseed and Arabidopisis．

4. Jong Myong Kim's experiment of trying out the method　 　．

A．can make people's trips pleasant

B．turned out a worldwide success

C．is as simple as pouring vinegar over the plants

D．appeals to many flower growing companies

2 . Qigong,     1    (call) “Life Energy Cultivation” in China, is a practice of focusing on breath, movement, and awareness for exercise, and healing(愈合). If you have taken Chinese lessons, you must be familiar with Confucius, according to     2    qigong provides a means to become a Junzi(gentleman) through awareness of morality. Taoism considers qigong to be able to provide a way to achieve spiritual improvement. Qigong is    3    (traditional) viewed as a practice to balance qi (inner life energy), which is now practiced throughout China and worldwide.         4    a form of gentle exercise, qigong is made up of movements that are typically repeated, strengthening the body. Qigong     5    (believe) to help develop human potential, allow access to higher degrees of awareness, and awaken    6    (one) “true nature”.

What makes qigong special is that it can be done     7    (lie), sitting , or standing; thus it is     8    (access) for disabled persons, seniors, and people recovering from injuries. As a healing art, qigong practitioners focus on prevention and self-healing, which has been widely used in China as part of traditional Chinese medicine, and is included in the curriculum of Chinese    9    (university). Besides, qigong is practiced for self-cultivation as a means to get rid of     10    complexity of the earth.

3 . A drug used to treat severe bleeding could save thousands of lives for mothers giving birth. A global trial of the drug found it reduced the risk of bleeding deaths during childbirth by nearly one-third. The study involved 20,000 women in 21 countries, mainly in Africa and Asia. The trial was carried out by London's School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. The drug is called d tranexamic acid (氨甲环酸). It is low-cost and researchers said it does not cause serious side effects for mothers or babies.

The drug is used to treat mothers for severe bleeding during childbirth, also known as postpartum hemorrhage (产后出血).It is the leading cause of mother’s death worldwide, according to the World Health Organization.

Haleema Shakur is the project director of the trial. She says despite medical advances in many countries, severe bleeding after childbirth remains a big problem in some parts of the world. “It's one of the biggest killers of mothers. In Africa and Asia. about 10 percent of women will end up with severe bleeding. " The drug works by stopping blood clots(血凝块) from breaking down after a mother gives birth. The treatment can prevent the need for doctors to perform surgery to find the source of bleeding.

Shakur said the best results were reported when the drug was given to women as soon as possible after childbirth, “The earlier you give it- so within the first three hours of giving birth—the better the effect is. ”

The next step will be to get the drug where it is needed provide training for doctors and nurses on how to use it. During the trial, women were given the drug in a hospital. But researchers are looking for easier ways to administer the drug so it can be more widely used in small clinics and rural areas.

1. Tranexamic acid is a drug that________ .

A．should be used for every mother

B．helps mothers before giving birth

C．ensures most new-born babies’ health

D．can help mothers giving birth stop bleeding

2. What is the reachers’ next plan?

A．To know how much the drug is.

B．To get permission to use the drug.

C．To let more people know the drug.

D．To make medical staff know how to use the drug.

3. What can we learn from the text?

A．The more mothers use the drug, the better its effect is.

B．African and Asian countries made great progress in medicine.

C．There is a long way to go before the drug can be used more widely.

D．Postpartum hemorrhage is the leading cause of women’s death.

4. What may be the best title for the text?

A．Care for the Health of Mothers

B．How Can We Use Tranexamic Acid Well?

C．Childbirth Drug Greatly Reduces Bleeding Deaths

D．What's the Biggest Killer of Mothers?

4 . 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：把缺词处加个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Baymax(大白) is a health care robot in film Big Hero 6. He becomes popular with people around the world when the film was first shown. He is high intelligent, but he never harms human beings. He is devoted, sweet but extremely considerate towards all patient.

Baymax is created by Hiro. Baymax is an inflatable white robot, who can detect vital statistics about a person’s health. He is such fat that he looks very cute. His structure is like the appearance of a big marshmallow(棉花糖). Baymax is famous for its warm hug. Equipping with a heating system, his body warms anyone which lies on him. When his battery is dying, he is like a drunken man, which makes the audience to laugh.

5 . America is a fast-paced society, which may seem very troubling to foreign visitors. One’s first _____ is likely to be that everyone is in a rush. City people always seem to be ______ and are very impatient if they are delayed even for a brief moment.

______, this may seem unfriendly to you. _____, drivers will rush you; storekeepers will be in a hurry as they _____ you; people will push you _____ walking along the street. You will ____ brief conversations with people when you shop or dine there as people seem to be on the go.

Do not ____ that because Americans are in such a hurry they are ______. To them, that is just part of their _____ of life. Americans who live in cities often think that everyone is _____ in a hurry to get things done so they naturally ____ others to behave similarly. _____, when they discover that you are a stranger, most Americans become quite kind and will take great _____ to help you. Many of them first came to the city _____ strangers and they remember how frightening a new city can be. If you need help, _____ a friendly-looking person and say, “I am a stranger here. Can you help me?”

Most people will stop, ____ you, and help you find your way. But you must let them know that you need help. Otherwise they are _____ to pass you by, not noticing that you are new the city and ____ help. If, occasionally, you find someone too rushed to give you help, don’t be _____; just ask someone else. Most Americans enjoy helping a stranger.

1.

A．concept

B．discovery

C．experience

D．impression

2.

A．walking

B．hurrying

C．jogging

D．dragging

3.

A．Immediately

B．Eventually

C．At first

D．First of all

4.

A．For example

B．In short

C．On the contrary

D．On the other hand

5.

A．occupy

B．hire

C．employ

D．serve

6.

A．because

B．while

C．although

D．before

7.

A．wear

B．enjoy

C．miss

D．trust

8.

A．think

B．annoy

C．convince

D．doubt

9.

A．unhappy

B．unexpected

C．uncertain

D．unfriendly

10.

A．means

B．way

C．method

D．approach

11.

A．equally

B．gradually

C．apparently

D．properly

12.

A．forbid

B．limit

C．expect

D．select

13.

A．Otherwise

B．Therefore

C．Besides

D．However

14.

A．temper

B．care

C．step

D．energy

15.

A．with

B．at

C．as

D．to

16.

A．choose

B．reject

C．dismiss

D．avoid

17.

A．point at

B．smile at

C．laugh at

D．glance at

18.

A．likely

B．unable

C．possible

D．probable

19.

A．in terms of

B．in favor of

C．in spite of

D．in need of

20.

A．tired

B．embarrassed

C．discouraged

D．surprised

6 . Lake Titicaca is a famous lake in South America. The culture of the ancient people around the lake is thought to be     1    (true) advanced but has long remained a mystery. Recently, however, scientists participating     2     an exploration project there have found what is believed to be     3     1000-year-old temple under the water.

The temple     4     (build) by ancient people was indeed quite well preserved. The project leaders hope to begin raising important materials from the site in the     5    (expect) that they can solve the mystery eventually.

“Scientists have not yet had the opportunity to study the materials carefully due to a great many     6     (hardship). Yet with our efforts, we are bound     7    (achieve) greater success if we can keep     8     up.” said project director, John Aubi.

Since 2016, divers from the research team     9    (make) over 200 dives into water 30 meters deep. They have kept recording the ancient remains on film. A meeting,    10     will start later, is aimed to review the film.

7 . Believe it nor not, ancient Chinese people had their own methods of heat preservation in winter.

• “Wen Ding”, ancient rice cooker

The “Wen Ding”, an ancient cooking container, preserved heat by burning fuels like charcoal. The one unearthed in Nanjing in 1989 is thought to be the oldest of its kind discovered in China, dating back to the Stone Age.

• “Ran Lu”, ancient small hot pot

The “Ran Lu” is a small-sized cooking vessel (器皿) made of bronze. A charcoal stove forms the main structure, with a bottom tray to hold charcoal ashes, and a movable cup at the top. Some experts have concluded that the vessel’s structure suggests that these vessels became popular in the Warring States Period (475—221 BC).

• Bronze You, ancient kettle

The Bronze You, one of the most common wine containers during the Shang and Zhou, dynasties, could also be used to warm wine. For example, the Bronze You with beast mask design, unearthed in Jiangxi province, had an opening where charcoals could be placed, allowing people to enjoy a hot drink.

• Bronze Yan, ancient steamer

Although the “Wen Ding” was effective at keeping food warm, ancient Chinese people later found that its burning produced pollution. As a result, the Bronze Van was made with a two-tier (双层的) structure and used to steam rice and other grains. After the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 25-AD 220), further improvements to the Bronze Yan led to the modern day steamer.

1. When did the “Ran Lu” begin to gain popularity?

A．In the Zhou Dynasty	B．In the Warring States Period.
C．In the Eastern Han Dynasty.	D．In the Stone Age.

2. One of the main functions of the Bronze You was to       .

A．place hot charcoals	B．pour hot water
C．keep wine warm	D．hold charcoal ashes

3. One advantage the Bronze Yan had over the “Wen Ding” was that       .

A．it was useful	B．it was convenient
C．it was environment-friendly	D．it was warm

4. According to the passage, which of the following may have the longest history?

A．The “Wen Ding”.	B．The “Ran Lu”.
C．The Bronze You.	D．The Bronze Yan.

8 . Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids. According to a new survey(调查) by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early. Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day, and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school.

How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age. Babies need a lot of rest: most of them sleep about 18 hours a day! Adults need about eight hours. For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal(理想的). But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10- to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours. And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime? Watch TV.

“More children are going to bed with TVs on, and there are more opportunities(机会) to stay awake, with more homework, the Internet and the phone,” says Dr. Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School. She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep. Other experts say part of the problem is chemical. Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers’ bodies develop adult characteristics, but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.

Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers, some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to. Three years ago, schools in Edina, Minnesota, changed the start time from 7:25 am to 8:30 am. Students, parents and teachers are pleased with the results.

1. What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on?

A．American kids’ sleeping habits.	B．Teenagers’ sleep-related diseases.
C．Activities to prevent sleeplessness.	D．Learning problems and lack of sleep.

2. How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day?

A．7 hours.	B．8 hours.
C．10 hours.	D．18 hours.

3. Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon?

A．They are affected by certain body chemicals.

B．They tend to do things that excite them.

C．They follow their parents’ examples.

D．They don’t need to go to school early.

9 . A build-it-yourself solar still(蒸馏器) is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5＇×5＇ sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container— perhaps just a drinking cup — to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.

To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole.

Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.

The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink.

1. What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?

A．It’s delicate.	B．It’s expensive.
C．It’s complex.	D．It’s portable.

2. What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to?

A．The tube.	B．The still.
C．The hole.	D．The cup.

3. What’s the last step of constructing a working solar still?

A．Dig a hole of a certain size.	B．Put the cup in place.
C．Weight the sheet’s center down.	D．Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.

4. When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup from ________.

A．the plastic tube	B．outside the hole
C．the open air	D．beneath the sheet

10 . Bill Gates recently has predicted that online learning will make place-based colleges less significant, and five years from now, students will be able to find the best lectures in the world online. I applaud Mr. Gates. But what’s taking us so long?

As early as 1997, MIT(麻省理工) decided to post videos of all university lectures online, for free, for all people. But today, how many students have you met who mastered advanced mathematics or nuclear physics from an MIT online video? Unfortunately, the answer is not many. The problem is the poor quality of online education websites and the experience they provide to students. Those who go to the MIT website and watch courses online are surely very smart people, but it’s not like playing a video game such as World of Warcraft. Only the most ardent students, those who are highly motivated, will devote themselves to studying these boring online videos.

The real question is why we aren’t spending more to develop better online education platforms. Where is the Avatar of education? Think about this. The market for Hollywood films per year is worth around 30 billion USD. Education in the world is a trillion-dollar-a-year market, hundreds of times bigger than Hollywood movies. Yet the most expensive digital learning system ever built cost well under 100 million dollars.

Bill Gates’ prediction is going to happen. There is no doubt about it. But it will only happen when we create high level educational content and experiences that engage and excite more than has ever been possible in the real world.

1. What has Bill Gates forecast about online learning?

A．It will concentrate on physics lectures

B．It will completely replace real universities

C．It will help to make universities more successful

D．It will play an increasingly important role in education

2. What does the underlined word “ardent” in Paragraph 3 mean?

A．Creative	B．Enthusiastic
C．Well-behaved	D．Experienced

3. According to the author, what is holding back the popularity of online learning?

A．The lack of lectures available online

B．The high cost of access to the websites

C．The low standard of educational websites

D．The competition with online computer games

4. Why does the author mention Hollywood?

A．To show that Hollywood produces many successful movies

B．To prove that education is more profitable than entertainment

C．To argue that movie directors should produce educational content

D．To urge that more money be spent developing educational websites