1 . Abraham Lincoln turns 200 this year, and he’s beginning to show his age. When his birthday arrives, on February 12, Congress will hold a special joint session in the Capitol’s National Statuary Hall, a wreath (花环) will be laid at the great memorial in Washington, and a webcast will link school classrooms for a "teach-in" honoring his memory.
Admirable as they are, though, the events will strike many of us Lincoln fans as inadequate, even halfhearted — and another sign that our appreciation for the 16th president and his towering achievements is slipping away. And you don’t have to be a Lincoln enthusiast to believe that this is something we can’t afford to lose.
Compare this year’s celebration with the Lincoln centennial, in 1909. That year, Lincoln’s likeness made its debut on the penny, thanks to approval from the U. S. Secretary of the Treasury. Communities. and civic associations in every comer of the country erupted in parades, concerts, balls, lectures, and military displays. We still feel the effects today: The momentum unloosed in 1909 led to the Lincoln Memorial, opened in 1922, and the Lincoln Highway, the first paved transcontinental thoroughfare (大道) .
The celebrants in 1909 had a few inspirations we lack today. Lincoln’s presidency was still a living memory for countless Americans. In 2009 we are farther in time from the end of the Second World War than they were from the Civil War; families still felt the loss of loved ones from that awful national trauma (创伤) .
But Americans in 1909 had something more: an unembarrassed appreciation for heroes and an acute sense of the way that even long-dead historical figures press in on the present and make us who we are.
One story will illustrate what I’m talking about.
In 2003 a group of local citizens arranged to place a statue of Lincoln in Richmond, Virginia, former capital of the Confederacy (南方联邦). The idea touched off a firestorm of controversy. The Sons of Confederate Veterans held a public conference of carefully selected scholars to “reassess” the legacy of Lincoln. The verdict — no surprise — was negative: Lincoln was labeled everything from a racist totalitarian to a teller of dirty jokes.
I covered the conference as a reporter, but what really unnerved me was a counter-conference of scholars to refute the earlier one. These scholars drew a picture of Lincoln that only our touchy-feely age could recall. The man who oversaw the most savage war in our history was described — by his admirers, remember — as “nonjudgmental,” “unmoralistic,” “comfortable with ambiguity (模棱两可) .”
I felt the way a friend of mine felt as we later watched the unveiling of the Richmond statue in a subdued (征服) ceremony: “But he’s so small!”
The statue in Richmond was indeed small; like nearly every Lincoln statue put up in the past half century, it was life-size and was placed at ground level, a conscious rejection of the heroic — approachable and human, yes, but not something to look up to.
The Richmond episode taught me that Americans have lost the language to explain Lincoln’s greatness even to ourselves. Earlier generations said they wanted their children to be like Lincoln: principled, kind, compassionate, resolute. Today we want Lincoln to be like us.
“This helps to explain the long string of recent books in which writers have presented a Lincoln made after their own image. We’ve had Lincoln as humorist and Lincoln as manic-depressive, Lincoln the business sage, the conservative Lincoln and the liberal Lincoln, the emancipator and the racist, the stoic philosopher, the Christian, the atheist (无神论者) — Lincoln over easy (两面煎的) and Lincoln scrambled (把…搅乱) .
What’s often missing, though, is the timeless Lincoln, the Lincoln whom all generations, our own no less than that of 1909, can lay claim to. Lucky for us, those memorializers from a century ago — and, through them, Lincoln himself — have left us a hint of where to find him. The Lincoln Memorial is the most visited of our presidential monuments. Here is where we find the Lincoln who endures: in the words he left us, defining the country we’ve inherited. Here is the Lincoln who can be endlessly renewed and who, 200 years after his birth, retains the power to renew us.
1. The author thinks that this year’s celebration inadequate and even halfhearted because ________.A.no Lincoln statue will be unveiled. |
B.no memorial coins will be issued. |
C.no similar appreciation of Lincoln will be seen. |
D.no activities can be compared to those in 1909. |
A.approved of the judgment by those carefully selected scholars. |
B.offered a brand new reassessment perspective. |
C.came up with somewhat favourable conclusions. |
D.resulted in similar critical remarks on Lincoln. |
A.conforms to traditional images. |
B.reflects the present-day tendency of worship. |
C.shows the present-day desire to match Lincoln. |
D.reveals the variety of current opinions on heroes. |
A.Lincoln’s greatness remains despite the passage of time. |
B.The memorial is symbolic of the great man’s achievements. |
C.Each generation has its own interpretation of Lincoln. |
D.People get to know Lincoln through memorializers. |
2 . Everyone knows that taxation is necessary in a modern state: without it , it would not be possible to pay the soldiers and policemen who protect us;
In most countries, a direct tax on
And countries with taxation nearly
Probably this last kind of indirect tax, together with a direct tax on incomes which is low for the poor and high for the rich, is the best arrangement.
1.A.nor | B.neither | C.never | D.not |
A.look into | B.look over | C.look after | D.look through |
A.In accordance with | B.By means of | C.With reference to | D.On account of |
A.If | B.When | C.Though | D.As |
A.when | B.how | C.why | D.which |
A.persons | B.sectors | C.communities | D.classes |
A.form | B.way | C.measure | D.method |
A.quicker | B.speedier | C.more | D.larger |
A.periodically | B.almost | C.often | D.always |
A.which | B.who | C.what | D.whom |
A.manner | B.form | C.means | D.way |
A.either | B.also | C.too | D.often |
A.lent | B.saved | C.borrowed | D.collected |
A.alike | B.like | C.as | D.for |
A.heavier | B.fairer | C.finer | D.better |
3 . The modern Olympic Games, founded in 1896, began as contests between individuals, rather than among nations, with the hope of promoting world peace through sportsmanship. In the beginning, the games were open only to
From the perspective of many athletes,
A slender and imprecise line separates what we call “financial support” from “earning money.” Do athletes “earn money” if they are reimbursed for travel expenses? What if they are paid for time lost at work or if they accept free clothing from a manufacturer or if they teach sports for a living? The runner Eric Liddell was the son of poor missionaries; in 1924 the British Olympic Committee
In 1971 the International Olympic Committee (IOC)
There are those who
A.amateurs | B.professionals | C.men | D.women |
A.survival | B.fame | C.profit | D.pleasure |
A.at all costs | B.by contrast | C.as a result | D.at first |
A.however | B.therefore | C.furthermore | D.instead |
A.punished | B.trained | C.unpaid | D.educated |
A.youngest | B.smartest | C.strongest | D.wealthiest |
A.booked | B.extended | C.financed | D.cancelled |
A.value | B.definition | C.origin | D.use |
A.balance | B.begin | C.change | D.restrict |
A.restored | B.created | C.removed | D.studied |
A.field | B.support | C.organization | D.team |
A.regret | B.investigate | C.explain | D.welcome |
A.displayed | B.carried | C.retain | D.lost |
A.reasonable | B.questionable | C.unbelievable | D.valuable |
A.debate | B.complaint | C.concern | D.inquiry |
4 . In 1965, 17-year-old high school student Randy Gardner stayed awake for 264 hours to see how he’d cope without sleep. On the second day, his eyes stopped focusing. Next, he lost the ability to
Sleep is
How can sleep
So, what's happening in our brain when we sleep, to prevent this? Scientists found something called the Lymphatic System, a clean-up mechanism(机能) that removes this build up and is much more
A.produce | B.identify | C.move | D.discover |
A.balancing | B.reminded | C.struggling | D.intended |
A.ability | B.outcome | C.response | D.damage |
A.essential | B.healthy | C.investigated | D.neglected |
A.scarcely | B.temporarily | C.regularly | D.hopefully |
A.occurred | B.linked | C.increased | D.developed |
A.deprivation | B.sufficiency | C.absence | D.pressure |
A.accumulation | B.discovery | C.resource | D.prevention |
A.symptom | B.power | C.difficulty | D.urge |
A.clearing | B.blocking | C.holding | D.assisting |
A.overload | B.pollute | C.protect | D.explore |
A.harmful | B.active | C.tense | D.necessary |
A.serve as | B.block up | C.tear down | D.point to |
A.analyzing | B.removing | C.following | D.dividing |
A.system | B.priority | C.opportunity | D.necessity |
5 . A true reality of retirement planning is that your future is riding on the quality of your assumptions. Humble
For example, eight years into this bull market, expecting stocks to deliver as strong returns over the next decade is an uncertain proposition many are nonetheless
Another potential
"If you plan on working longer as a way to get by in retirement, you are going to be in trouble," says Craig Copeland, senior research associate at EBRI. "It should be a
It's simply too
Prudential estimates that on a company-wide level, delayed retirement can
Fewer than one-third of employees surveyed by TCRS report their employer has some sort of "transition" program such as flexible work schedules, reduced hours or
"Workers' vision of retirement is changing faster than employers' business
A.pessimism | B.optimism | C.concern | D.consideration |
A.relying on | B.holding back | C.accounting for | D.turning down |
A.reliable | B.possible | C.flawed | D.firm |
A.As a result | B.In addition | C.Needless to say | D.By comparison |
A.complement | B.composition | C.compliment | D.comprehension |
A.ridiculous | B.sensible | C.risky | D.logical |
A.extended | B.exited | C.existed | D.remained |
A.economically | B.mentally | C.financially | D.physically |
A.However | B.Therefore | C.Instead | D.Moreover |
A.delays | B.expects | C.gets | D.decides |
A.influence | B.decrease | C.increase | D.transform |
A.later | B.sooner | C.faster | D.slower |
A.shifting | B.altering | C.ranging | D.functioning |
A.deals | B.practices | C.customs | D.operations |
A.prospect | B.capabilities | C.odds | D.outputs |
6 . Examples of effective conservation of places matter to the world. They range from the 1960s Nubian campaign to safeguard Ancient Egyptian monuments from the waters of the Aswan Dam to the removal in 2018 of the Belize Barrier Reef from the List of World Heritage in Danger. Conservation is the core purpose of the World Heritage Convention and it may also be its biggest challenge.
The following example shows how successes at specific sites now serve as models for conservation and sustainable (可持续性) development. A year after Vienna was included on the World Heritage List in 2001, the World Heritage Committee (WHC) expressed concerns about the architectural solutions and height of four planned towers of the Wien-Mitte project. This development project, close to the Historic Centre of Vienna in the site’s buffer zone, the one that lies between two or more other areas, affected the urban scale (规模) and visual effects in and around the property (地产). As a result of the Committee’s concerns, Vienna changed its building codes and launched a new design competition for the Wien-Mitte project to work out architectural plans with reduced size in keeping with World Heritage protection.
The successful practice inspired the government of the city to invite over 600 experts and professionals from 55 countries to an international conference on World Heritage and contemporary architecture, held in Vienna in May 2005. The global discussion that followed, detailing an approach to managing conservation and development, was recorded in the UNESCO Recommendation in 2011.
The Recommendation put forwards an all-rounded and combined approach to balancing urban heritage (遗产) conservation and economic development, arguing that active protection and management of urban heritage supports the goal of sustainable development.
The Recommendation supports the harmonious combination of contemporary involvement into the historic urban framework while holding on to values linked to history, memory and the environment.
1. Why does the author mention the Belize Barrier Reef in Paragraph 1?A.To explain the goal of the organization. |
B.To encourage the public to protect the world. |
C.To show the positive effect of conservation. |
D.To remind people of the environmental problems. |
A.It took up too much public land of the city. |
B.It had a bad effect on the Historic Centre of Vienna. |
C.Its original designs were not environmentally friendly. |
D.Its architectural solutions couldn’t meet safety standards. |
A.The ways to combine conservation and development. |
B.The creation of the new UNESCO Recommendation. |
C.The international urban management and development. |
D.The styles of the contemporary architecture of Vienna. |
A.To examine the challenges faced by global urban planners. |
B.To introduce alternative ways of protecting the environment. |
C.To stress the importance of the value of history and memory. |
D.To promote active conservation and sustainable development. |
7 . I was cycling and noticed a person, about a quarter of a kilometer in front of me. I could tell he was cycling a little slower than me and decided to try to
So I
After I passed him, I
Isn't that what happens in life when we
The
Therefore, just take what life has given you, your height, weight and personality. Stay focused and live a healthy life. There's no
A.follow | B.catch | C.remind | D.grasp |
A.before | B.after | C.unless | D.when |
A.stopped | B.enjoyed | C.started | D.regretted |
A.way | B.block | C.step | D.time |
A.apart from | B.above | C.ahead of | D.behind |
A.protected | B.pushed | C.supported | D.comforted |
A.thought | B.remembered | C.dreamt | D.hoped |
A.Fortunately | B.Finally | C.Surprisingly | D.Apparently |
A.calm | B.lucky | C.astonished | D.good |
A.racing | B.exercising | C.celebrating | D.cycling |
A.believed | B.expected | C.realized | D.understood |
A.escaped | B.missed | C.made | D.lost |
A.worry about | B.care for | C.depend on | D.focus on |
A.prove | B.declare | C.explain | D.inform |
A.tears | B.money | C.energy | D.pain |
A.paths | B.entrances | C.plans | D.barriers |
A.task | B.difficulty | C.problem | D.goal |
A.movement | B.cycle | C.event | D.routine |
A.never | B.often | C.sometimes | D.always |
A.mistake | B.competition | C.pressure | D.challenge |
8 . Anecdotal evidence has long held that creativity in artists and writers can be associated with living in foreign parts. Rudyard Kipling, Pablo Picasso, Ernest Hemingway, Paul Gauguin, Samuel Beckett and others spent years living abroad. Now a pair of psychologist has proven that there is indeed a link.
As they report in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, William Maddux of INSEAD, a business school in Fontainebleau, France, and Adam Galinsky, of the Kellogg School of Management in Chicago, presented 155 American business students and 55 foreign ones studying in America with a test used by psychologists as a measure of creativity Given a candle, some matches and a box of drawing pins, the students were asked to attach the candle to a cardboard wall so that no wax would drip on the floor when the candle was lit. (The solution is to use the box as a candleholder and fix it to the wall with the pin.) They found 60% of the students who were either living abroad or had spent some time doing so, solved the problem, whereas only 42% of those who had not lived abroad did so.
A follow-up study with 72 Americans and 36 foreigners explored their creative negotiating skills. Pairs of students were asked to play the role of seller of a petrol station who then needed to get a job and a buyer who would need to hire staff to run the business. The two were likely to reach a deadlock because the buyer had been told he could not afford what the seller was told was his minimum price. Nevertheless, when both negotiators had lived abroad 70 % struck a deal in which the seller was offered a management job at the petrol station in return for a lower asking price. When neither of the negotiators had lived abroad, none was able to reach a deal.
Merely travelling abroad, however, was not enough. You do have to live there. Packing your beach towel and suntan lotion will not, by itself make you Hemingway.
1. What is the purpose of mentioning the famous names in the opening paragraph?A.To show the relationship between creativity and living abroad. |
B.To indicate the link between artistic creation and life experience. |
C.To emphasize how great these artists are. |
D.To impress the importance of creativity. |
A.William Maddux and Adam Galinsky have carefully designed the test. |
B.Negotiators who had lived abroad are more flexible in negotiating. |
C.American business students are less creative than those oversea students. |
D.One's creativity is associated with the length one has spent abroad. |
A.There exist sharp differences between travelling and living abroad. |
B.You shouldn't lie on the beach when travelling. |
C.Only real experience of living abroad can help drive creativity. |
D.Living abroad is more meaningful than just travelling abroad. |
A.A diary. | B.A magazine. |
C.A novel. | D.A guidebook. |
Many athletes have been told that smiling while
Researchers decided
10 . After getting "paying-it-forward. " several times, I always wish I could buy a coffee for a stranger too.
That particular morning, I
Are you kidding me? I was
Now I was the one who was
A.noticed | B.watched | C.recognized | D.glanced |
A.crazy | B.well-dressed | C.pale-looking | D.cautious |
A.positive | B.passive | C.uncertain | D.ashamed |
A.opinion | B.idea | C.voice | D.wish |
A.loose | B.easy | C.soft | D.low |
A.wasting | B.spending | C.giving | D.losing |
A.However | B.Instead | C.Besides | D.Therefore |
A.price | B.debt | C.order | D.budget |
A.amused | B.regret | C.encouraged | D.relief |
A.Unfortunately | B.Immediately | C.Unexpectedly | D.Obviously |
A.came up | B.turned up | C.visited | D.moved |
A.appreciate | B.expect | C.miss | D.dislike |
A.argue | B.smile | C.complain | D.cry |
A.helped | B.cheated | C.treated | D.defeated |
A.once | B.before | C.as | D.though |
A.talked | B.heard | C.cared | D.worried |
A.sending back | B.fighting back | C.taking back | D.getting back |
A.advised | B.convinced | C.astonished | D.reminded |
A.command | B.request | C.duty | D.urge |
A.hesitation | B.debate | C.delay | D.tremble |