4 . How to prepare for a thrilling hike? Hiking needs mental and physical preparation weeks before the material day. If you’re a fan of hiking mountains. Here is a guide to help you.

You need to train your body at least three months before the challenge.     1     You can start with baby steps and gradually take more demanding exercises and distance. You can often carry your hiking stick to promote stability. Keep track of your progress to help you achieve your goal.

    2     . Wear light absorbent pants to reduce friction and promote absorption of sweat. Long pants keep you safe from stinging weeds, insects and tough weather.

    3    

You must consider various factors before purchasing the most appropriate hiking shoes. First, mind the terrain (地形) of the hiking ground. A mild terrain will do fine with light shoes. On the other hand. A tough, hard and mountainous terrain require hardy hots to help navigate the rocky grounds.

Your bag is your lifeline when hiking. Water is the most essential itch when hiking. The body performs best when you hydrate frequently throughout the challenge. Carry adequate clean water and sip often.     4     These are primary tools to help you find your way, water points, emergency towers, and other places. Hope for the lest but always prepare for ever-agencies. Thus, ensure you have a flash light, a lighter and a whistle.

Hiking is a refreshing way of keeping fit, having fun and building resilience.     5    

5 . Diplomacy (外交) is an art. It requires not only strategy, but also other aspects, including intuition, persuasion, and even tricks, human skills that have long been unreachable to even the most powerful artificial intelligence (AI) approaches. Now, an AI algorithm (算法) from a high-tech company has shown it can beat many humans in a game of diplomacy, which required both strategic planning and negotiations with other players. The work, researchers said, could point the way toward virtual exercise coaches and conflict mediators (调解员) .

AI has already beaten humans in some games of strategy. It is also proving powerful at natural-language processing, in which it can generate humanlike text and carry on conversations. In the game of diplomacy, seven players vied for control of Europe. On each turn, players issued orders regarding the movement of army and naval units, following discussion with other players, whom they could attack or support.

There are two technical innovations noted by Jonathan Gratch, a computer scientist at the University of Southern California who studies negotiation agents. First, the Al agent’s com-munication is grounded in multistep planning. Second. the Al agent keeps its remarks and game play within the range of human common practice.

To test its skill, the researchers had the Al agent play 40 online games against humans. It placed in the top 10% of players who’d played at least two games. “In a game that involves language and negotiation, that agents can reach human equal level is very exciting,” said Yu, a computer scientist at Columbia University.

According to Brown, a computer scientist at the company who co-authored the paper, the work could lead to practical applications in fields that now require a human touch. One specific example is that virtual personal assistants might help consumers negotiate for better prices on plane tickets. Gratch and Yu both see opportunities for agents that persuade people to make healthy choices or open up during therapy.

6 . Conifers (针叶树) are generally better than broad-leaved trees at purifying air from pollutants. But deciduous (落叶的) trees may be better at taking in particle-bound pollution. A new study led by the University of Gothenburg shows that the best trees for air purification depend on the type of pollutants involved.

Trees and other greener in cities provide many benefits that are important for the well-being of residents. Leaves and needled on trees filter air pollutants and reduce exposure to poisonous substance in the air. But which trees purify the air most effectively? Researchers from the University of Gothenburg have collected leaves and needle from eleven different trees growing in the same place in the Gothenburg Botanical Garden (GBG) to analyse which cub-stances they have absorbed.

“This tree collection provided a unique opportunity to test many different species of trees with similar environmental conditions and exposure to air pollutants,” said Jenny Klingberg, a researcher of the GBG

A total of 32 different pollutants were analysed, some of which are bound to articles of various sizes. Others are gaseous. This project has focused on paths (多环芳烃). In cities, traffic is the biggest source of these pollutants, which are released due to incomplete burning in engines.

“Our analysis show that different species of trees have different abilities to absorb air pollutants. Conifers generally absorb morn gaseous paths than broad-leaved trees. Another advantage of conifers is that they also act as air purifies in winter, when air pollution is usually at its highest,” said Jenny Klingberg.

“This study contributes to improving our understanding of the ability of trees to clean the air and which species are best at absorbing air pollutants,” said Jenny Klingberg. This known-edge is important for urban planning when designing sustainable cities. While trees and green-era can contribute to better air quality in cities, at the end of the day, the most important measure is to reduce emissions.

7 . From life-saving medical technologies to everyday household items, these four brilliant women left an indelible mark on history with their inventions.

Before the invention, clothing used to be ironed on wooden planks balanced between chairs. Though it seems like a simple invention, Bone put a lot of thoughts into it, which was evident in the end product. Aside from solving the initial problem of uneven ironing, Boone also made the ironing board’s legs folded for storage and designed a curved (弧形的) shape for the body to accommodate sleeves and curved areas. Alongside her invention, Boone also became one of the first African-American woman to receive a patent.

Though there is no way of confirming the account, ancient writings (including Confucius’) attribute the first invention of silk to the Chinese Empress Lei Zu, who was four-teen at the time and had been enjoying tea in the imperial gardens when a fateful incident took place. A cocoon (茧) fell into her teacup and lost its cohesiveness (粘结性) upon contact with the hot water. The fact that the cocoon was a single strand of silk had drawn Lei Zu’s attention and she wove the thread into fabric, creating silk cloth.

Dr Shirley Ann Jackson broke the glass ceiling as the first African-American woman to be awarded a doctorate from MIT. She contributed to the invention of caller ID and call waiting during her research period at AT&.T Bell Laboratories, so we can now see the phone number and name of whoever is ringing our phones.

Dr Fiona Wood introduced spray-on skin repair technique to the world in the 1990s. The technique changed the way in which burn victims used to be treated, as spray-on skin repair technique can be directly applied to wounds to form a new layer of skin that promotes healing and minimises the risk of infection.

8 . Last Saturday, two teenagers, Jim and Bob, went to the Rocky mountains with their parents for the weekend. In the morning, the two boys decided to _________ Cathedral Mountain by themselves while their _________ relaxed at the campsite.

After three hours, they reached the top successfully. However, _________ began when they climbed down the mountain. Bob fell three meters off the path. He was badly injured in his right leg and couldn’t _________. Jim didn’t want to leave his friend and waited for help with Bob.

When the boys didn’t return that evening, their parents became very _________. They got in touch with park workers and began _________ the boys.

While waiting for help, Jim gave Bob his food and water and let him lie on his jacket to make him more _________.As it was getting darker, Bob told Jim to go back to the campsite, but Jim still didn’t   _________. He used his extra shirt to keep Bob warm.

At sunrise, Jim and Bob started the long climb back to their anxious parents with great difficulty. _________, after four hours, they arrived at the campsite. Bob thanked Jim for saving his __________, saying that is the greatest thing a person can do for his friend.

9 . Chocolate is a kind of food. But do you know it came as a drink at first? It was made from the seeds of cacao trees. The seeds were first found to be useful about 2,000 years ago. Early Central Americans and Mexicans used the seeds of cacao trees to make a drink that tasted bitter, not sweet. Later on, this drink was made into a sweet drink, known as hot chocolate today.

Why does chocolate taste sweet? That’s because a lot of sugar is added. This means that chocolate can be bad for your teeth and health. But it’s proved that chocolate is safe to eat unless you have too much of it.

There are mainly three types of chocolate: white chocolate, milk chocolate and dark chocolate. Among the three, white chocolate tastes the sweetest. Milk chocolate is sweet, but not as sweet as white chocolate. Dark chocolate is the least sweet and has the strongest chocolate flavor.

Today chocolate is often used in cakes, ice creams, puddings, candies and so on. It is popular with people, especially the young. However, according to a report, chocolate could not be seen any more in the year of 2050. It may disappear because of higher temperatures and drier weather conditions. Some scientists have begun to work hard to save the cacao trees.

10 . Join Us and Have Fun!

Four clubs have been set up to enrich our after-school life. You can choose any club you like. Join us and have fun!