1 . Lights tend to lure(引诱) large numbers of outdoor insects at night. There’s even an old saying that describes this irresistible attraction: like a moth to a flame. But when it comes to attracting insects, not all lights are equal. Which ones are most alluring can be traced to the wavelengths that they give off. Different wavelengths mean different colors of light.
People designing bugzappers(灭虫灯) will want lights that are the most attractive to insects. But homeowners looking for a porch light or who want to protect their plants will want just the opposite, says Michael Justice. He’s a scientist in Atlanta, Georgia, who took part in the test.
Justice and his colleagues carried out a simple experiment, in which the researchers tested some types of light bulbs. One was the oldfashioned incandescent lamp(白炽灯) that is largely out of date in industrial nations. These bulbs heat up a small wire until it glows(发光)，giving off a broad range of wavelengths. The second type was a fluorescent bulb(荧光灯)．It contains a gas that gives off light in only a narrow range of wavelengths. The halogen light(卤素灯) that they tested takes its name from the type of gases and other materials inside it. These bulbs produce a pattern of wavelengths similar to that of the incandescent bulb. The team also tested a type of bulbs whose glow comes from lightemitting diodes, or LEDs.
The team then compared these lights to the socalled “bug light”. This yellow bulb’s golden light is supposedly harder for some insects to see than bluer or whiter light. These bulbs also advertise the fact that they won’t draw bugs to your house.
The team conducted the test during the summer. They used only one type of bulb each night. At sundown, they put out the test equipment and turned on its light. At dawn the next day they collected any insects that had been drawn to the light and trapped. On nights between April 26 and September 28, they collected more than 8,600 insects and 259 spiders. It’s not clear if the spiders were attracted to the lights or if they were attracted to the insects as a food source, the researchers say.
The total number of hours spent testing each bulb varied slightly, due to the weather and other factors. So the team calculated how many insects of each type were attracted during each hour of test time. Overall, the white incandescent light brought in the largest number of insects, about 8.2 per hour. The LED light bulb attracted 4.5 insects per hour. Indeed, it lured even fewer insects than the yellow bug light.
1. What decides a light’s ability to lure insects most?| A．The brightness of the light. |
| B．The duration of the light. |
| C．The location of the light. |
| D．The color of the light. |
| A．being the brightest |
| B．killing the most insects |
| C．having the longest wavelengths |
| D．being the least attractive to insects |
| A．How some major bulbs function. |
| B．Types of light bulbs people mainly use. |
| C．Types of light bulbs used in Justice’s experiment. |
| D．How Justice and his colleagues did the experiment. |
| A．A fluorescent bulb. |
| B．An incandescent bulb. |
| C．A halogen light bulb. |
| D．A LED light bulb. |
2 . Robots make me nervous—especially the ones which seem to think for themselves.I was embarrassed to admit this till I heard that Bill Gates，the founder of Microsoft，felt the same way.
Gates said in an interview with the social networking and news website Reddit：“I am in the camp that is concerned about super intelligence.First the machines will do a lot of jobs for us and not be super intelligent.That should be positive if we manage well.A few decades after that though the intelligence is strong enough to be a concern.”
Well，maybe I don’t have to worry about my computer and kitchen equipment yet.After I use them I can always pull the plug.But in the future，machines might find a way to prevent us from switching them off.There’s a terrible thought!
Maybe the problem with computers too clever for us is not that they are evil like some we’ve seen in scifi movies.What could put us in danger is that they might be too efficient.That’s what philosopher Nick Bostrom from Oxford University believes.He says that machines are indifferent to humans and in pursuit of their own goals，the destruction of people might be just additional damage.Bostrom gives us an example：A machine which might have as its only goal to produce as many paperclips as possible might look at human bodies as extra material for paperclips and go after you.Because it is，well，a machine，it would not take pity on you.
It’s a good thing that American writer Isaac Asimov thought about how far robots can go and left us his three rules of robotics.He states that a robot may not hurt a human being or allow the human being to come to harm.
I’m glad my machines at home are “dumb”．All my cleaner wants to take over is the carpet in my living room.Let’s hope they don’t create an appliance which wants to take over the world!
1. The author quoted Bill Gates’ words in Paragraph 2 in order to make the text .| A．betterknown | B．more persuasive |
| C．betterorganized | D．more interesting |
| A．it is much cleverer than us |
| B．it would take over the world |
| C．it would see us just as material |
| D．it has the strong feeling of destroying us |
| A．Optimistic. | B．Sympathetic. |
| C．Disappointed. | D．Regretful. |
3 . The best kept secret in San Diego is waiting to offer you a delightful getaway—without leaving town.
Less than three years ago, the Parisi Hotel was just an office building above the shops on the corner of Prospect Street. Now, that valuable space is an intimate luxury hotel with several rooms overlooking the ocean. You'll be amazed when you enter from the corner and ascend the curving staircase to the secondfloor lobby. It will take you into a different world.
What will you find when you enter the large contemporary lobby is a hand some and peaceful space that was designed with a hint of Tuscany in its modern Mediterranean style. The lobby has a large fire place with comfortable sofas in warm neutral colors surrounding it. You'll feel relaxed just sitting there—with its skylight overhead letting in the morning sun. All the rooms are more like suites (套间), with large comfortable beds, beautiful baths and stylish customdesigned furnishings and art throughout.
The Parisi Hotel is the perfect place for seniors because it's quiet and restful—with only 20 rooms. You won't find many hotels like this in the center of a tourist town.
The shops are all around you. Likewise for some of the city's best restaurants, you will never have to take your car out of the garage during your stay. And, by the way, the underground parking lot at the Parisi Hotel is free for hotel guests.
Once you stay at this little gem (珍品), you'll want to return again and again. I know we do. It's a perfect place for seniors.
Rates for standard suites begin at $ 275. You can call the hotel for reservation at (858)4541513. The Parisi Hotel is located at 1111 Prospect St. right across from La Valencia.
1. What does the underlined word “ascend” in Para.2 mean?| A．Find. | B．Change. |
| C．Use. | D．Climb. |
| A．it is decorated with Mediterranean furniture |
| B．the walls are painted in bright colors |
| C．a large fireplace is burning all the time |
| D．sunlight comes through the window in the roof |
| A．all the rooms are like suites with beautiful ocean view |
| B．it can give them the sense of peace |
| C．it is convenient for them to go shopping |
| D．it has stylish customdesigned furnishings and art throughout |
| A．the price of the suites in the Parisi Hotel varies |
| B．the Parisi Hotel has furniture specially designed for old people |
| C．the Parisi Hotel is located in a secret place in San Diego |
| D．you must make a reservation before entering the hotel |
Love Tunnel sees lots of love and trash
Bearing a resemblance to the forest－surrounded “Love Tunnel” in Ukraine, the twokilometer tunnel in Jiangning district Nanjing saw a recent rise in popularity as more than 2,000 tourists paid a visit every day this summer.The high number of visitors caused traffic safety concerns and increased the workload of sanitation workers.The Nanjing government had intended to cut the trees by the end of 2014.After the Nanjing government was forced to draft plans to cut the trees due to public pressure, visitors poured into a railway section that runs through thick forest for sightseeing and to take photos this weekend, leaving the railway with overwhelming piles of trash.
However, in response to the government's plan, complaints and outcries were made by the citizens that the love tunnel should be reserved.They claim that walking along the leafy green tunnel is like entering a fairy tale, and a possible decision to tear down the trees could bring the story to a pitiful end.
注释：sanitation 卫生
【写作内容】
1．以大约30个词左右概括短文的内容要点；
2．以大约120个词谈谈你对“爱情隧道”该不该保留的看法，并说出你的理由。
【写作要求】
1．作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不能直接引用原文中的句子；
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
【评分标准】
概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。
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5 . I do not know Sybrina Fulton. Nor can I claim to understand the depth of her pain. Yet, we share a deep connection. A common feature experienced by those women who face the challenge of raising a Black male child in a nation that far too often views Black male bodies through fear. You see, Ms. Fulton is living my nightmare (恶梦). A constant worry that has stayed in the back of my mind since the birth of my eldest son, some sixteen years ago.
Through the years, I have witnessed the world’s reaction to my son evolve as he has grown from a small boy to a young man. In his early years, his easy smile and lovable character were nothing less than magnetic (有磁性的). Complete strangers would approach him in the street, draw him into conversation, and find themselves easily struck by his lively spirit. Even at that time I worried, how would my son react when in the years to come some of those who found themselves so impressed by this cute, intelligent boy, might grasp their purse tighter as he walked by.
Over the years I have sought to protect his spirit from the hurt that comes from undeserved hatred. I have also sought to arm him with the knowledge that could one day save his life. He knows, for example, that if he is ever pulled over by the police, that he is to keep both hands on the wheel at all times and only reach for his license when the officer is specifically observing his actions. He knows, even in less threatening situations, that rough play and loud interactions with his buddies of any color will be viewed very differently when he does it, than when his white friends display the very same behavior. Still, the truth of the matter is, no amount of advice or voiceless behavior overcomes the physical, immovable fact of the color of his skin. His intelligence, easy smile, and lovable character won’t protect him from unfounded assumptions of criminality.
What makes the Trayvon Martin travesty (歪曲) of justice so painful to me, personally, is the knowledge that Trayvon’s mother loved her baby no less than I love mine. The various pictures of moments throughout a happy childhood that have now found a home on nationwide newscasts provides clear evidence of that. Yet no amount of love and care, and no words of advice could have saved her son from the cruel killing he faced at the hands of a self-appointed neighborhood watch-dog. And perhaps even worse, nothing could have prepared her for the inhuman way her son has been treated by officials even in death. To think for three long days, his parents searched for him while officials failed to inform them of his fate and instead, performed drug and alcohol tests on his lifeless body, while failing to do the same for his attacker—the only one of the two who indeed had a criminal past is frankly, unforgivable. To know that the words of her son’s killer were given more weight than eye-witnesses and taped evidence of her child’s screams and eventual death must be heartbreaking. But to also have to live with the fact that his attacker still breathes free while her son lays buried underground is certainly more than any sorrowful parent should have to endure (忍受).
It is this type of pain that is not unfamiliar to the Black experience in America, for this is the Black mothers’ burden. A burden we have endured for centuries. We know the pain of having our newborn babies grabbed from our loving arms to be sold into lifelong servitude (奴役) and to never again experience the warmth of a mother’s loving hug. Yet, there is still the rightful expectation, that in modern-day America, the wheels of justice would not be stopped.
So today, it is my hope that Trayvon’s mother, father, family and friends can take some comfort in the fact that millions of Americans of every color stand with them in their fight for justice. This is a burden no family should have to endure alone.
We will not give up.
We will not forget.
We will continue the fight until justice is done.
1. What do you know about Sybrina Fulton?| A．She was anxious about her son. | B．She was painful to lose her son. |
| C．She had trouble in raising her son. | D．She had the same dream as the writer. |
| A．Passers-by. | B．White people. |
| C．Teenagers. | D．Wealthy people. |
| A．get ready to resist | B．remain where he is |
| C．show his innocence | D．pretend to be scared |
| A．he was killed simply because of his color of skin |
| B．he was accused of taking drug even after his death |
| C．he kept silent even when he was being attacked |
| D．the police failed to find strong evidence against the attacker |
| A．draw attention to the facts about killings | B．give comfort to the victims’ families |
| C．appeal for the end to the terrible situation | D．display hatred for terrible phenomena |
| A．The cruel killings | B．The daily sufferings |
| C．The black son’s fate | D．The black mother’s burden |
6 . Have you ever wondered why birds sing？Maybe you thought that they were just happy.After all，you probably sing or whistle when you are happy.
Some scientists believe that birds do sing some of the time just because they are happy.However，they sing most of the time for a very different reason.Their singing is actually a warning to other birds to stay out of their territory.
Do you know what a “territory” is？A territory is an area that an animal，usually the male，claims (声称) as its own.Only he and his family are welcome there.No other families of the same species are welcome.Your yard and house are your territory where only your family and friends are welcome.If a stranger should enter your territory and threaten you，you might shout.Probably this would be enough to frighten him away.
If so，you have actually scared the stranger away without having to fight him.A bird does the same thing.But he expects an outsider almost any time，especially at nesting season.So he is screaming all the time，whether he can see an outsider or not.This screaming is what we call a bird’s song，and it is usually enough to keep an outsider away.
Birds sing loudest in the spring when they are trying to attract a mate and warn others not to enter the territory of theirs.
You can see that birds have a language all their own.Most of it has to do with attracting mates and setting up territories.
1. What is a bird’s “territory”？| A．A place where families of other species are not accepted. |
| B．A place where a bird may shout at the top of its voice. |
| C．An area for which birds fight against each other. |
| D．An area which a bird considers to be its own. |
| A．Because they want to invite more friends. |
| B．Because their singing helps frighten outsiders away. |
| C．Because they want to find outsiders around. |
| D．Because their singing helps get rid of their fears. |
| A．By describing birds’ daily life. |
| B．By reporting experiment results. |
| C．By comparing birds with human beings. |
| D．By telling. |
| Playa La Audiencia，Manzanillo Playa La Audiencia is one of the most popular beaches in Manzanillo for families and one of the best beach spots along Mexico’s Pacific coast. Playa La Audiencia is a stunning little beach with a golden shoreline which overlooks the bay and offers great conditions for swimming，diving，and other cool water sports such as jetskiing and kayaking. If you are a diving enthusiast，you’ll definitely love spending time in Playa La Audiencia since its waters are shallow，calm and filled with rocks covered with corals. |
| Playa Brujas，Mazatlan Playa Brujas is probably one of the best surfing spots in Mazatlan. Playa Brujas is located 20 minutes’ drive from the heart of Mazatlan and it’s a popular spot among local surfers. If you are a surfer looking to hit some waves along the west coast of Mexico，you’ll find Playa Brujas a very good spot to visit since Brujas possesses satisfactory waves all year round. |
| North Beach，Isla Mujeres North Beach is one of the nicest beaches in Isla Mujeres and it is one of Mexico’s finest beaches in the Yucatan Peninsula. North Beach boasts a nice stretch of beach with whitepowdery sand，warm turquoise waters and great diving spots. The best bit about North Beach besides its private location is that the beach is just minutes away by boat from Cancun，so you’re never too far from Cancun’s tourist attractions such as Wet’n Wild Water Park and Xplor Eco Park，where you can enjoy caving adventures and zipline rides. |
| Xpu Ha Beach Xpu Ha Beach is located roughly between Tulum and Playa del Carmen and it is a nice spot for relaxing under the sun，walking and horseback riding. Xpu Ha is located along the stunning Riviera Maya and unlike other beaches along the Mexican Riviera，Xpu Ha Beach boasts a subtle beach club atmosphere. Xpu Ha Beach isn’t as busy as Mamita’s beach club but it still possesses cool beach clubs，a rental shop and a hotel. |
1. If someone has appreciation for caving adventures, he or she should go to ________.
| A．North Beach |
| B．Xpu Ha Beach |
| C．Wet’n Wild Water Park |
| D．Playa Brujas |
| A．tourists can have some sports |
| B．they have clubs |
| C．the waters are shallow |
| D．they have satisfactory wave |
8 . Stroke(中风) patients are more likely to regain their cognitive(认知的) functions if they speak more than one language, new research has discovered. A study of more than 600 stroke victims found 40.5% of those who are multilingual had normal mental functions afterwards, compared to 19.6% of patients who only speak one language.
The study was carried out by a team from the University of Edinburgh together with the Nizam Institute of Medical Sciences in Hyderabad—with the Indian city chosen as the location for the study because its multicultural nature means many languages are commonly spoken. Researchers took into account other factors such as smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes and age to ensure results could not result from having a healthier lifestyle. The study found the results support the notion of a protective role of bilingualism(双语) in the development of poststroke cognitive impairment.
It is the first time a study has been done looking at the relationship between the number of languages spoken and a patient’s cognitive outcome after stroke. “The percentage of poststroke patients with undamaged cognitive functions in bilinguals was more than twice as high as in monolinguals，” the paper said. “In contrast, patients with cognitive impairment were more common in monolinguals.”
Researchers believe the study suggests the mental challenge of speaking multiple languages can build cognitive reserve, which is an improved ability of the brain to cope with damaging influences such as stroke.
Coauthor Thomas Bak of the University of Edinburgh’s school of philosophy, psychology and language sciences said, “Bilingualism makes people switch from one language to another, so while they inhibit(抑制) one language, they have to activate another to communicate. This switching offers practically constant brain training, which may be a factor in helping stroke patients recover.”
1. What kind of people are more likely to be chosen for the study?| A．Smokers in the multicultural area. |
| B．People who have an unhealthy lifestyle. |
| C．Stroke patients with high blood pressure. |
| D．People who are the same age and multilingual. |
| A．They get protected. |
| B．They can be easily harmed. |
| C．They can’t be damaged at all. |
| D．They are a challenge to brain functions. |
| A．People speaking only one language. |
| B．People speaking more than one language. |
| C．People under damaging influences of stroke. |
| D．People with undamaged cognitive functions. |
| A．The significance of the study. |
| B．The reason behind the conclusion. |
| C．The significance of the conclusion. |
| D．The reason for carrying out the study. |
9 . Jonathan Lawler loves to work the land.For seven years，he operated Lawler Farms，a forprofit produce farm，harvesting nearly 700,000 pounds of food annually.
Now he’s on a mission to feed the hungry in Central Indiana.Lawler has turned his 36acre farm into a nonprofit operation called Brandywine Creek Farms.His goal for the first year is to donate 500,000 pounds of food，which he said is realistic based on the farm’s produce capacity(产量) and the addition of a large number of volunteers to help through the season. On top of that，Lawler has worked together with Gleaners，Midwest Food Bank，Kenneth Butler Soup Kitchen and other area food banks as distribution partners.
Lawler，who also owns a transportation consulting firm that helps pay the bills，says his 15yearold son inspired him to start thinking differently when it came to his farm.“He came home from school and talked about kids who take home food from the food bank，”Lawler said.“My awareness of hunger was limited to the homeless in Downtown Indianapolis.The last place I would expect it is in a rural farming community like where I live.”As he began to look around，he realized that the farms in Hancock and surrounding counties produce tons of corn，soybeans and wheat，“but nothing you can just pick up and eat，” he said.
Lawler and most of his neighbors are selfsufficient(自给自足的)．They grow what they need or have access to quality food at supermarkets.If he needs something he didn’t grow himself，he can jump in his truck and drive 12 minutes to the nearest store.“But for someone who doesn’t have reliable transportation，that 12minute drive could be a twohour hike，” he said.
1. Lawler was inspired to donate food by .| A．his son |
| B．his neighbors |
| C．the hungry kids |
| D．the homeless in his town |
| A．is selfsufficient in quality food |
| B．changed Gleaners into a food bank |
| C．donates 700,000 pounds of food annually |
| D．thought there was no hunger in farming communities |
| A．Kind and generous. |
| B．Brave and successful. |
| C．Confident and modest. |
| D．Ambitious and hardworking. |
10 . The question of what children learn, and how they should learn it, is continually being debated and redebated. Nobody dares any longer to defend the old system, the parrot-fashion (way of learning by repeating what others say) of learning lessons, the grammar-with-a-whip(鞭子) system, which was good enough for our grandparents. The theories of modern psychology have stepped in to argue that we must understand the needs of our children. Children are not just small adults; they are children who must be respected as such.
Well, you may say, this is as it should be, and a good idea. But think further. What happens? “Education” becomes the responsibility not of teachers, but of psychologists. What happens then? Teachers worry too much about the psychological implications (暗示) of their lessons, and forget about the subjects themselves. If a child dislikes a lesson, the teacher feels that it is his fault, not the child’s. So teachers worry whether history is “relevant” to modern young children. And do they dare to recount stories about violent battles? Or will this make the children themselves violent? Can they tell their classes about children of different races, or will this encourage racial hatred? Why teach children to write grammatical sentences? Oral expression is better. Sums? Arithmetic? No; real-life mathematical situations are more understandable.
You see, you can go too far. Influenced by educational theorists, who have nothing better to do than write books about their ideas, teachers leave their teaching-training colleges filled with grand, psychological ideas about children and their needs. They make complicated preparations and try out their “modern methods” on the long-suffering children. Since one “modern method” rapidly replaces another, the poor kids will have well been fed up by the time they leave school. Frequently the modern methods are so complicated that they fail to be understood by the teachers, let alone the children; even more often, the relaxed discipline so necessary for the “informal” feeling the class must have, prevents all but a handful of children from learning anything.
1. Under the old system, children were .| A．made to learn passively |
| B．spoiled by their parents |
| C．treated as adults |
| D．were forced to become parrots |
| A．children must be understood and respected |
| B．children are small adults and they know what they need |
| C．children are better off without learning lessons |
| D．education of children is the responsibility of psychologists |
| A．They find that children dislike the lessons. |
| B．They tend to blame students for their failure in teaching. |
| C．They don’t pay enough attention to students’ actual lessons. |
| D．They no longer want to teach children history. |
| A．Children will learn well in a relaxed classroom atmosphere. |
| B．Only a few children will actually learn when there is no discipline. |
| C．Relaxed discipline is necessary for children to develop. |
| D．No children will learn anything without strict discipline. |
| A．Uninterested. | B．Tolerant. |
| C．Satisfied. | D．Critical. |
