1 . Whom should you marry? Where should you live? How should you spend your time? For centuries, people have relied on their gut instincts (直觉) to figure out the answers to these life-changing questions. Now, though, there is a better way. We are living through a data explosion, as vast amounts of information about all aspects of human behavior have become more and more accessible. We can use this big data to help determine the best course to chart.
There has long been overwhelming- and often surprising- evidence that algorithms (算法) can be much better than people at making difficult decisions. Researchers have collected data on various kinds of choices people make, the information they base those choices on, and how things turn out. They have found, for example, that a simple data-driven algorithm would have been better than judges at deciding whether a defendant should stay in jail (监狱) or be released; better than doctors at deciding whether a patient should get a procedure; and better than school principals at deciding which teachers should be promoted.
The power of data analysis has been proved in the sports and business worlds, too. As made famous by the book and movie Moneyball, baseball teams found that algorithms were better than scouts (物色优秀运动员的人) at picking players, and better than managers at picking strategies. In finance, the hedge fund (避险基金) Renaissance Technologies dramatically defeated competitors by seeking out patterns in stock market data and using them to inform its investment strategy. Tech firms in Silicon Valley have found that data from experiments provides better insights into how to design their websites than designers could.
These are the early days of the data revolution in decision-making. I am not claiming that we can completely outsource (外包) our lifestyle choices to algorithms, though we might get to that point in the future. I am claiming instead that we can all dramatically improve our decision-making by consulting evidence mined from thousands or millions of people who faced dilemmas similar to ours. And we can do that now.
1. What makes people better at finding answers to life-changing questions?A.People’s better gut instincts. | B.Changed human behavior. |
C.The modern information era. | D.Various courses accessible. |
A.court rulings | B.job promotions |
C.operative estimation | D.teaching practices |
A.The plot of the movie Moneyball is related to successful data analysis. |
B.Scouts and managers are not needed in successful baseball teams. |
C.The hedge fund Renaissance Technologies had some financial problems. |
D.Tech firms in Silicon Valley mainly relied on data to design websites. |
A.The modern information era is mature enough to take advantage of. |
B.People should outsource all the lifestyle choices to algorithms. |
C.With big data people can learn from countless similar examples. |
D.Face-to-face consultation will be the major trend in the future. |
2 . A charming three-story home sits at the corner of 10th and Center streets on the Georgia Instiute of Technology (Georgin Tech) campus in Atlanta. From the outside, it appears just like any other home, but inside, Georgia Tech researchers are testing and developing advanced devices to determine which can make the home safer and smarter — for older adults.
The house is actually a living lab, called the Aware Home, and research conducted there has revealed (显示) many top homerelated concerns among older adults — unattended cooking, water left running, TVs left on... and doors left unlocked.
Now, some in home technologies are in development — or on the market — to address those concerns.
One new device called Inirv React connects your stove (炉具) to a sensor in your home and a smartphone app. The sensor will automatically turn the stove off if it no longer detects movement around the appliance after a certain period of time. You can also turn the stove off using your smartphone.
Devices of the future are expected to collect and use date to become smarter, according to Elizabeth Mynatt, a professor at Georgia Tech. “They will learn more about your habits, your likes, your dislikes, your routines, when you’re most likely to forget to take your medicine, what are the aspects (方面) of your health that need the most attention,” she said.
With any technology, “most people ask that question ‘How invasive (侵扰的) is it?’. But what we hear from older adults is that they value the security and the safety that the technology provides for them,” Mynatt said.
75-year-old Albert Bolet of Atlanta thinks most older adults are typically ready to bring technology into their homes. “People have the misguided impression that seniors are opposed to technology.” said Bolet. “We do understand wireless technology, and we understand how these things will make things easier. Being independent is most important in the mind of anybody that gets to be our age or older.”
1. What is the Aware Home?A.A smart house. | B.A research lab. |
C.A nursing home. | D.A science museum. |
A.Turn the stove off directly. |
B.Give out a warning sound. |
C.Activate a sensor in the house. |
D.Send a message to a connected phone. |
A.They will provide medical advice. |
B.They will be more like caregivers. |
C.They will become more personalized. |
D.They will replace caregivers in most case. |
A.They are willing to use smart home devices. |
B.They find it hard to keep up with new technology. |
C.They prefer a simple life without technology. |
D.They are becoming more dependent on the Internet. |
3 . As we all know, insects can be remarkably agile (灵活的) in flight. This is really hard to build into flying robots, but MIT Assistant Professor Kevin Yufeng Chen has developed an insect-sized drone (无人机) that approaches insects’ agility.
Typically, drones require wide open spaces. “If we look at most drones today, they’re usually quite big,” says Chen. “Most of their applications involve flying outdoors. The question is: Can you create an insect-sized drone that can move around in very crowded and complex spaces?”
According to Chen, he overcame many problems when building the drone. The insect-sized drone requires a fundamentally different construction from a larger one. The large drone is usually powered by a motor, but the motor loses efficiency as you shrink it. So, Chen says, “For an insect-sized drone, you need to look for alternatives.” The principal alternative until now has been employing a small, rigid actuator (执行器) built from new materials. Chen designed a more agile tiny drone using soft actuators instead of hard ones.
Each actuator can beat nearly 500 times per second and weighs just 0.6 gram, approximately the mass of a large bee. It gives the drone insect-like agility. “You can hit it when it’s flying, and it can recover,” says Chen. “It can also turn over in the air.” The drone looks a bit like a tiny cassette tape with wings, though Chen is also working on a new one shaped like a dragonfly.
Chen says his drone can be useful in industry and agriculture. It can perform machinery inspections to ensure safety and function. Its potential applications include completing search-and-rescue missions following a disaster. “All those things can be very difficult for existing large-scale drones,” Chen explains.
1. What can we know about the actuator designed by Chen?A.It weighs about six grams. |
B.It drives the insect-sized drone. |
C.It loses efficiency too much. |
D.It employs conventional materials. |
A.Easy. | B.Costly. | C.Fruitless. | D.Challenging. |
A.Its safety standards. | B.Its flying range. |
C.Its possible applications. | D.Its design principle. |
A.An Insect-like Small Drone |
B.The Future of Insect-sized Drones |
C.How Drones Will Change the Agriculture |
D.What Challenge Drone Development Faces |
4 . Very few people enjoy going to the dentist, especially for a filling. Often fillings need to be replaced during the patient’s lifetime. But is filling the cavity (蛀牙洞) with a foreign material really the best treatment? Is it possible that the tooth could repair itself with its own material — dentine (牙质)? Researchers at King’s College London have found a process that may replace the traditional method.
Paul Sharpe of King’s College London says the new treatment for cavities is simpler. It uses a drug that causes the tooth to fill in the hole naturally with dentine. “It involves putting a drug in the hole. It excites a natural process, which starts to occur anyway following the damage, so you can actually get the big hole repaired and the repair is the production of the natural material, the dentine.”
Usually a new drug requires repeated testing before it is approved for treatment. However, this drug that produces the regrowth material in teeth has already been approved. It is a drug used to treat Alzheimer’s disease and other disorders of the nervous system. Researchers explain that they use only a small amount and they use it locally. Usually that means the medicine is put directly on the affected area. It does not travel through the patient’s blood.
Nigel Carter heads Britain’s Oral Health Foundation. He describes the new treatment as an exciting possibility for dental care. But Carter also has a warning, “Actually regrowing the tooth that has been lost with a cavity would be really a huge step forward. But it's also important that we remember that filling the cavity is not the first place. It’s a preventable disease.”
1. When it comes to the dental treatment, researchers at King’s College London focus on .A.why the cavity must be filled | B.what skills dentists should learn |
C.when people have to see a dentist | D.how the tooth can repair itself |
A.the full use of a new drug | B.the natural process of tooth repair |
C.the good quality of filling materials | D.the practical way of finding the damage early |
A.It has little effect on Alzheimer’s disease. |
B.It is being tested before it gets final approval. |
C.It has been put to use for treating other diseases. |
D.It travels through the patients' blood and has side effects. |
A.We should take good care of our teeth in daily life. |
B.When you find the cavity, it is unnecessary to get it filled. |
C.Taking exercise is the best way to prevent dental disease. |
D.When you find a damaged tooth, you'd better repair it. |
5 . Whether in work or study, great people always do things as effectively as possible. Productive (高效的) people have one thing in common: A solid routine made up of small habits that helps them to keep a healthy mindset and lifestyle. Research shows a habit takes about 2l days to become normal behavior.
●Make daily to-do lists.
●
●Have a rest. Whatever you are working on, you do not have to use up every ounce of energy you have.
●Clean up and organize for tomorrow.
A.Keep a journal. |
B.Make great progress. |
C.Making a list of tasks for the day helps you to stay on track. |
D.After a long day, the last thing you may want to do is clean. |
E.Take a break at the same time each day, despite just 10 minutes. |
F.You should be energetic all day and spare no effort to finish your work. |
G.Here are some habits you can start practicing to become more productive. |
6 . “Regrets, I’ve had a few. But then again, too few to mention,” Frank Sinatra chanted in his 1969 hit “My Way”. The song’s idea is attractive: that anyone can just declare what’s done is done and move on. Some take the declaration a step further and claim they have no regrets at all. Whether a boast or an actual attitude, “no regrets” suggests that life can and should be lived without looking through the rear-view mirror.
Easier said than done, though. In 2020, author Daniel H. Pink launched the World Regret Survey, the largest ever survey on the topic. With his research team, Pink asked more than 15,000 people in 105 countries, “How often do you look back on your life and wish you had done things differently?” 82% said regret is at least an occasional part of their life; roughly 21% said they feel regret “all the time.” Only 1% said they never feel regret.
If you are of the “no regrets” type, you might think that all this regret is a recipe for unhappiness. But that isn’t the case. True, being overwhelmed(不知所措) by regret is indeed bad for you. But going to the other extreme may be even worse. To rid yourself of regrets doesn’t free you from shame or sorrow; it leads you to make the same mistakes again and again. To truly get over our guilt requires that we put regret in its proper place.
As uncomfortable as it is, regret is an amazing cognitive(认知的)achievement. If today your relationship with your partner has worsened, your regret might mentally take you back to last year. You would remember your being mean and sensitive, and then imagine yourself showing more patience, being kind instead of hurtful at key moments. Then you would fast-forward to today and see how your relationship could be progressing instead of languishing.
But regret doesn’t have to be left unmanaged. The trick is to acknowledge it and use it for learning and improvement. You can be honest with yourself about what went wrong and use that knowledge to enjoy better relationships in the future.
1. What should we do if we have had a bitter quarrel with a close friend according to Frank Sinatra?A.Attract more people to your argument. |
B.Send him/her a letter of apology. |
C.Boast about being more reasonable. |
D.Forget about it and just let it go. |
A.We can do nothing about regret. |
B.Unhappiness results from regret. |
C.Ignoring regrets is missing the opportunity to improve. |
D.Ridding yourself of regrets helps free you from sorrow. |
A.Improving. | B.Maintaining. |
C.Showing up. | D.Breaking up. |
A.Regret to become smarter—if you let it. |
B.Long for a different past? Regret it! |
C.Regret? Not my way! |
D.Stay away! Regret will heal itself. |
7 . Central Park
Explore Central Park, one of the largest city parks in the world and one of the most famous symbols of New York. Let’s have a look at its main sights.
Central Park is New York’s largest city park and one of the biggest in the world, with an area of 843 acres (about 3.4km2). This park is home to man-made lakes, waterfalls, grass and wooded areas. You will also find the Central Park Zoo, among other attractions in this greenspace of New York.
Besides being the city’s primary green lungs, Central Park is also a favorite spot for many New Yorkers. It is perfect for sunbathing, going for walks, or doing any outdoor sports. Something that we found curious is seeing so many people running with their babies in prams (婴儿车).
On Foot or by BicycleTo get to know some of the wildest parts of Central Park we suggest walking. However, to get a general feel for the whole park, the best thing to do is hire a bicycle and enjoy the scenery.
If you decide to hire a bike, you will find lots of bike rental stores around Central Park that are not very expensive.
Open TimeFrom 7 a.m. to 10 p.m. on weekends.
From 6 a.m. to 8:30 p.m. on weekdays.
PriceEntry to the Park is free. But if you visit some parts like Central Park Zoo, you need to buy a ticket.
TransportSubway: Line 5, 6, 7, A, B, C and D.
Bus: Line M1, M2, M3, M4 and M10.
Nearby placesMetropolitan Museum of Art (447 m)
Guggenheim Museum (564 m)
American Museum of Natural History (688 m)
Whitney Museum of American Art (1 km)
The Frick Collection (1.3 km)
1. What can we learn about the Central Park from the text?A.It is home to lakes and waterfalls. |
B.It is perfect for doing outdoor sports. |
C.It is the largest city park in the world. |
D.It is the most famous symbol of New York. |
A.Hiring a bicycle. | B.Entrance to Central Park. |
C.Visiting Central Park Zoo. | D.Going to the Metropolitan Museum of Art. |
A.In a science report. | B.In a geography book. |
C.In a fashion magazine. | D.In a travel guide. |
8 . Tired of standing in line? Wait a bit longer, and you may never have to again.
Amazon has opened 24 of its Amazon Go stores, which use cameras and artificial intelligence (AI) to see what you’ve taken off shelves and charge you as you walk out. Some companies are closely copying Amazon’s approach to using AI-powered cameras fixed in ceilings. But others are trying an entirely different way to skip the checkout: smart shopping carts. These companies have added cameras and sensors (传感器) to the carts, and are using AI to tell what you’ve put in them. Customers pay by entering a credit card, or through an online payment system. When a customer exits the store a green light on the shopping cart shows that their order is complete, and they’re charged.
The companies behind the smart carts, including Caper and Veeve, say it’s much easier to add technology to the shopping cart than to an entire store. Amazon’s Go stores rely on hundreds of cameras in the ceiling. The shelves also include sensors to tell when an item is removed. Ahmed Beshry, co-founder of Caper, believes the technology to run Go is too expensive to use in a large-format grocery store. Neither Caper nor Veeve has said how much their smart shopping carts will cost, making it difficult to compare the different formats. Shariq Siddiqui, CEO of Veeve, said, “We’re always happy when Amazon is doing something. They force retailers (零售店) to get out of their old school thinking.”
Each time a business uses AI and cameras, it raises questions about customers’ privacy and the effect on jobs. Beshry notes that the cameras in his shopping cart point down into the cart, so only a customer’s hand and part of their arm will be captured (拍摄) on camera.
1. What do we know about the smart shopping carts?A.They are able to recognize goods put in them. |
B.They are linked to the cameras fixed in the ceilings. |
C.They flash the green light when the order is canceled. |
D.They can tell customers where to find what they want. |
A.It is likely to help retailers to think differently. |
B.It has attracted many more retailers than before. |
C.It is far more expensive than their shopping carts. |
D.It may reduce the cost of running a store greatly. |
A.That they can only buy goods online. |
B.That goods in the stores may be more expensive. |
C.That they have to wait in a line for a longer time. |
D.That somebody may know their privacy. |
A.The new technology improves retail sale. |
B.AI-powered cameras are used in retail stores. |
C.Artificial intelligence affects the future of job market. |
D.Smart shopping carts will let you skip the line. |
9 . Visitor code of conduct
The Canada Agriculture and Food Museum is a national museum and open to all. Respectful use of the space, sources, and animals ensures a safe and enriching environment for all visitors.
Prohibited items
The possession or use of objects that are dangerous or prohibited by law is not permitted during museum visits or events. Backpacks, sports bags, and purses may be subject to “bag searches” at all entry points. The following items are not permitted into the museum: any object that makes noise, any animal except service animals, any dangerous items, any weapon, pocket knife, blade, pepper spray, and any object considered to be suspicious(可疑的) by security personnel.
Hours
The museum is open yearround. Current hours of operation are 9:10 am 4:30 pm from Wednesday to Sunday, including statutory holidays, except December 25. The museum offers free admission from 3:30 pm 4:30 pm. Please reserve your tickets in advance.
Admission
Adult: $12.25
Age 60+: $10.25
Youth (ages 317): $10.25
Member: Free
Filming and photos
The museum welcomes visitors to take either photos or video images of the museum’s animals, buildings, exhibitions, and grounds during opening hours. All photos are for personal use only, not professional. Please be respectful of the animals while using your camera. Getting too close or being too aggressive in your attempt to get an image could compromise your safety and cause stress to the animals. For safety reasons and for the enjoyment of all visitors, all indoor photography or video recording must be done with handheld devices only; no tripod(三脚架) or selfie sticks indoors.
Contact
Phone: 6139913044
Address: P. O. Box 9724, Station T Ottawa, ON K1G 5A3 Canada
1. Which of the following is allowed to be brought into the museum?A.Pet cats. | B.Blades. | C.Fireworks. | D.Guide dogs. |
A.45 dollars. | B.34.75 dollars. | C.22.5 dollars. | D.32.75 dollars. |
A.It makes your objects out of focus. |
B.It might endanger the visitors around you. |
C.It might disturb the animals you photograph. |
D.It leads to your being considered unprofessional. |
10 . Generally, people take vacations to relax themselves. However, one loving grandpa didn’t. When Grandpa David arrived at his Mexican destination, he made a shocking discovery in his suitcase, and went to “work” throughout his vacation.
David found several Peppa Pig toys when unpacking. It turned out that his granddaughter Lisette had placed the toys there. She hoped those toys would keep her grandpa company during the vacation. Instead of simply ignoring the Peppa Pig toys, David came up with an idea to create videos with them. David said, “I’m going to film everything I do with those toys. And I’ll put the videos together as a gift to my granddaughter.”
This thoughtful grandpa started making videos of the Peppa Pig toys swimming, sunbathing, and taking a trip to see the whales. He added, “I enjoy being silly and playful.” Then David posted them online. His videos went viral on social media. People fell in love with David’s sweet and loving gesture and wanted to know more about this grandpa’s film-making adventures.
The reaction from David’s granddaughter, 4-year-old Lisette, was precious and priceless. The child couldn’t contain her excitement when watching those videos. She was extremely delighted to see her toys enjoying this vacation with her grandpa.
At the end of the video, David explained why he chose to spend his vacation busy creating the video for his beautiful granddaughter, “I saw Lisette’s toys in my suitcase, and I knew she loved those toys. Yet she gave them to me. I wanted to do something for her in return. You know, one of the joys of being a grandparent is to see the smile on those cute little faces.”
1. What did David do during his Mexican vacation?A.He relaxed himself. | B.He bought toys. |
C.He accompanied Lisette. | D.He made videos. |
A.Spread wildly. | B.Suffered attacks. |
C.Sold well. | D.Raised doubts. |
A.Easy and amazing. | B.Busy but worthwhile. |
C.Silly and adventurous. | D.Dangerous but sweet. |
A.Seeing is believing. | B.Travel broadens the mind. |
C.Love is the reward of love. | D.East or west, home is the best. |