1 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. well-being                 B. individual               C. considerately               D. topping            E. consumption F. features                 G. deliver               H. expanded               I. assessed               J. significantly K. promoted

We all ream of living a long, happy life, but where are the happiest places in the world?

A new map of 151 countries has revealed exactly which parts of the globe    1    long and happy lives for their citizens. The results may surprise you, with Costa Rica, Colombia and Vietnam    2     the league. The UK    3    at position 44 higher than Germany（47）Spain（62）, Canada（65）, Australia（76）and the US（105）.

The map was made by the relocation website Movehub, using data from the latest Happy Planet Index（HPI）-a global measure of sustainable    4    .

The HPI measures life expectancy, the level of well-being experienced and ecological footprint. Each of the three aspects is given a traffic-light score based on thresholds for good（green）, middling （amber）and bad（red）performance. These scores are combined to an    5    six-color traffic light for the overall HPI score, where, to achieve bright green - the best of the six colors, a country would have to perform well on all three    6    components.

Experienced well-being: This was    7    using a question called the 'Ladder of Life’. This asks respondents to imagine a ladder, where 0 represents the worst possible life and 10 the best possible life, and report the step of the ladder they feel they currently stand on.

Life expectancy: Alongside experienced well-being, the Happy Planet Index includes a universally important measure of health -life expectancy. We used life expectancy data from the 2011 UNDP Human Development Report.

Ecological Footprint: The HPI uses the Ecological Footprint    8    by the environmental charity WWF as a measure of resource consumption. It is a per capita（人均）measure of the amount of land required to sustain a country's    9    pattern.

Two of the three main factors are directly about happiness. The third（Ecological footprint）is regarded as sustainable happiness. i.e. whether a country could sustain its citizens without any outside help. The idea is that if there was an incident which cut a country completely off from the outside world, or a country had to be completely self-sufficient, most of the developed world would be unable to do that.

The reason for some high-income nations to score    10    below other nations is the ecological footprint left on the planet. Mexicans and Canadians both appear to be happier than their US neighbor-most likely due to the country's ecological footprint.

2 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

E-Scooters

A.regardless   B.charged   C.option   D.mostly   E. transformative. F.powered G.connectivity   H.prospects   I.popularity     J.champions       K.invasion

Over the past two years, electric scooters have become ever-present in many of Europe and America's biggest cities. Britain is the last major western European country to hold out against the    1    . E-scooters are not allowed on public roads, though people do ride them on cycle Lanes and pavements     2    . But where they are permitted， e-scooter sharing companies

set up in large numbers. To their       3    , e-scooters are revolutionary: the "iPhone Of urban transport". To their critics, they are dangerous, anti-social and very annoying.

As with a dock less(无桩) bike，scooters are fitted with GPS trackers and wireless       4    Customers download an app and scan a QR code on the scooter to unlock it. They are then     5    a small amount. Bird, which launched its e-scooter in Santa Monica, California in September 2017 charges $l plus 15 cents per minute, on average, in the US-to travel where they want to go, at a maximum speed of around 15mph. At night, the scooters are rounded up, charged and returned to     6    .

E-Scooters have the potential to solve some of the worlds biggest transport problems. Most cities are already dangerously polluted and heavily congested, and it is simply not a(n)     7    to put more cars and taxis on the streets. Scooters are efficient; one kilowatt hour of energy carries on average a car     8    by petrol less than a mile, and an e-scooter 80 miles.

Scooters are clean, cheap, and they require little new infrastructure. For a country like car dependent America, they could be genuinely     9     roughly 60% of US journeys are under six miles, and most of the time drivers ride alone. Even in European cities, which     10     have good public transport systems, they are very useful for travelling the"final mile". According to Bird, 40% of taxi-riding journeys in London are under two miles, so e-scooters could help take a lot of cars off the streets.

3 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. moral                    B. infrequently                    C. rock                    D. dwelling E. chillingly             AB. emergency                    AC. address             AD. milestone AE. modeling            BC. highlight                      BD. ranking

Physicians Aren’t Immune to Suicide and Depression

Medicine is a tough profession. It’s both tremendously rewarding and terribly demanding. Physicians are at the front lines of humanity, along with nurses, therapists and more. But being at the front lines can be risky: In a study, nearly 50 percent of doctors reporting that they were burned out.     1     physicians, who are on call 24/7, have it the worst, followed closely by physicians working in other demanding subspecialties.

Studies about physician burnout are important but they typically don’t reflect this group’s high risk for even more dire mental health outcomes. Past research has also shown that physicians have a higher risk for suicide compared with other professions,     2     in the top ten of risky professions. And a recent Lancet study notes that     3    , one physician dies from suicide every day in the U.S.

Suicidal tendencies     4     the whole community. Health care systems respond with wellness meetings and other interventions but trainees still report feeling uncared for. In fact, several trainees privately tell me that they have to report fewer hours than they actually work.

Research studies     5     similar concerns to those I’ve heard. They report that workplace factors contribute to physician suicide “including a large workload, competitiveness of training programs, pressure of patient and service demands and the risk of     6     injury if physicians are forced to work in ways that conflict with their ethics and values.”

This new analysis is a major     7     for understanding and appropriately responding to the mental health crisis today. Instead of     8     on the past, the alarm has now been sounded: Greater attention must be paid to physician well-being. We want physicians to be safe and well, but we also need to help patients by     9     good health practices. Fortunately, preventive measures are already underway. Soon, we will hopefully be able to better     10     part of what is missing in the current conversation about physician mental health.

4 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. including     B. impressions     C. standing       D. restored     E. missing F. fun     G. comfort       H. associated        I. inspired       J. marked   K. contact

Ancient Civilizations Had Game Nights Too!

Morten Ramstad, a researcher at the University of Bergen, Norway, and his team spotted one of the rare objects while unearthing the remains of an Early Iron Age (400-300 BC) burial site in Western Norway. Burying loved ones with basic necessities like ceramic pots and clothing, to ensure their     1     in the afterlife, was a fairly common tradition in ancient cultures. However, the families of some lucky individuals went a step further by     2     a board game for entertainment.

Though the game board was     3    , the archeologists, who revealed their findings on April 5, 2020, managed to recover the dice（骰子）and 18 circular game pieces. Unlike the modern-day cubical（立体的）dice, which are     4     with a different number of dots from one to six on each face, the ancient game counter was square and had bulls-eye like     5    , which indicated zero to five on each of its four faces. The researchers suspect it may have been     6     by the oldest-known board game — the “Game of Mercenaries”. The two-person strategy game, which dates back to the 3rd century BC, was believed to be similar to modern-day chess.

The archeologists, who also unearthed remains of pottery jars and a bronze needle at the burial site believe the game pieces indicate the dead was a wealthy individual. In ancient civilizations, board games were a status symbol, signifying the owner’s high social and economic     7    . They indicated an individual’s intellectual ability and also proved he/she could afford to spend time on such activities.

“These are status objects that bear witness to     8     with the Roman Empire, where they liked to enjoy themselves with board games,” Ramstad said. “People who played games like this were from the upper class. The game showed that they had the time, profits, and ability to think strategically.”

The researchers planned to put the     9     game pieces in a museum as the discovery provides insights into Norway’s social structure during the Early Iron Age and gives some ideas of what tabletop     10     looked like during ancient times, at least for the upper class.

5 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. benefits                 B. attract               C. engagement        D. track               E . measuring     F. committed           G. promoting     H. rewards               I . motivated            J. seeking       K. satisfaction

Work is necessary to earn an income. And if you get good job    1     , it’s a bonus! But what can make it more worthwhile are the extra perks(工资外的补贴) that your employer offers you as reward for your loyalty and commitment.

Employee    2     are commonplace these days. Traditionally, these have included a good pension and extra days off work. But when a job used to be for life, there wasn’t much incentive to try and keep staff. Now when millennials are    3    a position, they want to know the benefits they’ll get on top of their pay.

But these perks come at a cost to an employer, and now technology is being used to discover if and when they offer value for money. The idea aims to enable a company to tailor what it can offer to    4    and retain the right staff.

As an example, at the merchant bank, Close Brothers, Al has been used to develop chatbots that can help employees to find information on subjects ranging from mental health to saving for retirement at any time. And Microsoft has developed software to help businesses    5    their employee’s well-being needs. Anna Rasmussen, founder of Open Blend, told the BBC “It shows companies what their employees need to stay     6     and reach their full potential in real-time?” Insurance company Vitality offer wearable technology to track employees’ movements. Staff can earn ‘    7    ’ by having their activity tracked. A study found that by     8    the participants’ performance, they did the equivalent of 4.8 extra days of activity per month.

It seems that if used in the right way, technology can provide greater    9    between an employee and the company. That can lead to a happier, healthier and    10     work force. But HR experts warn against relying solely on tech for deciding on employee benefits provision, they say.

6 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. modified B. suspected C. equivalent D. compound E. hardly F. substitute G. persists H. impacting I. crucial J. previously K. concentrations

Water on the Moon

NASA says there are water molecules (分子) on our neighbor's sunny surface. NASA has confirmed the presence of water on the moon's sunlit surface, a breakthrough that suggests the chemical     1     that is vital to life on Earth could be distributed across more parts of the lunar surface than the ice that has     2     been found in dark and cold areas.

"We don't know yet if we can use it as a resource," NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine said, but he added that learning more about the water is     3     to U.S. plans to explore the moon.

The discovery comes from the space agency's Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, or SOFIA — a(n)     4     Boeing 747 that can take its large telescope high into Earth's atmosphere, at altitudes up to 45,000 feet. Those heights allow researchers to peer at objects in space with     5     any visual disturbance from water vapor. To detect the molecules, SOFIA used a special camera that can distinguish between water's specific wavelength of 6.1 microns and that of its close chemical relative hydroxyl, or OH.

The data confirm what experts have     6    , that water might exist on the moon's sunny surface. But in recent years, researchers had been able to document only water ice at the moon's poles and other darker and colder areas.

Experts will now try to figure out exactly how the water came to form and why it     7    . NASA scientists published their findings in the latest issue of Nature Astronomy.

"Data from this location reveal water in     8     of 100 to 412 parts per million — roughly     9     to a 12-ounce bottle of water — trapped in a cubic meter of soil spread across the lunar surface," NASA said in a release about the discovery.

"Without a thick atmosphere, water on the sunlit lunar surface should just be lost to space," said Casey Honniball, the lead author of a study about the discovery. "Yet somehow we're seeing it. Something is producing the water, and something must be trapping it there."

There are several possible explanations for the water's presence, including the possibility that it was delivered to the surface by stony microobjects     10     the moon. Small balls of glass from that process could trap water, according to the researchers' paper.

7 . 从方框里选择合适的词语的适当形式填空

A. essence   B. amateur   C. influential   D. balanced   AB. recognition   AC. highlights   AD. maximizing   BC. overwhelmingly   BD. talented   CD. obsession     ABC. prioritize

When most of us recall our school sporting days, we tend to remember the friendships that were forged, the occasional personal     1    and the far more frequent moments when our skill levels didn't quite match our idols'. However, not all of the present generation of schoolchildren may be able to look back on their sporting experiences with such fondness. There are growing fears, within independent schools in particular, that moves towards professional standards and a focus on winning may disagree with the     2     of school sports.

The problem is, perhaps unsurprisingly, more prevalent in boys' sport, and especially so in rugby, where independent schools still provide the bulk of future England internationals. At the same time, there has been a surge in the number of schools offering scholarships to     3    rugby players, driven by a desire to widen access, but also, on occasion, by a(n)     4    that success on the playing field may be a potential marketing tool. One director of rugby at a top-performing school in the South-East reports that his star under-16 player was poached(挖走)by a rival school which offered him a full scholarship. ‘We weren’t prepared to enter into a bidding war over a 15-year-old kid,’ he says rather pitifully.

Chris Morgan, director of sport at Tonbridge, is a critic of these shifts towards becoming superstar sports schools, 'An increasing number of schools seem to be using sports scholarships as part of their business model,’ he says. ‘They place rugby above other sports as it seems to be more    5    in parents’ decision-making over which school they want to send their children to.’

As a result, some of Morgan's counterparts at other independent schools feel under pressure to focus on winning rather than    6     enjoyment. ‘If everything you put on your website is about which teams won, it is easy to see how coaches, boys and parents can think that results are the most important barometer of success.’

Several coaches feel that their efforts to     7    players’ enjoyment over results are at risk of being undermined by the temptation to see sport as an extension of academic league tables.

One director of rugby told me that whenever they lose a game, his headmaster calls a meeting on the Monday morning in which he demands an explanation for the defeat. ‘The head can't understand that sport isn't just about winning,’ he says.

So, with increasingly professional set-ups and a seeming     8    with winning at all costs, has school sport lost its innocence?

Certainly not, says Kevin Knibbs, Headmaster of Hampton School in South West London, and Chair of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference(HMC)Sports Sub-Committee ‘Independent schools understand that sport is hugely beneficial to young people. While there have been substantial improvements in the standard of sports facilities, coaching, and performance in independent schools over the past decade, this is    9     with, an emphasis on safety, wellbeing and general fitness. Together these things have had a(n)     10    positive impact on young people’s experiences of sport in HMC schools, ' he says. 'Pupils are free to enjoy playing a wide range of sports with their friends without facing undue pressure to wip or needing to follow an over-intensive training regime, Knibbs continue.

8 . 从方框里选择合适的词语填空。

impose        moral       tolerated        anger          ingredient       contain     loosing        attitudes       publish          disadvantaged       excuses

A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the victory of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people. Day after day my men and I struggle to     1     an epidemic of crimes. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A significant     2     is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability.

Accountability isn’t hard to define. It means that every person is responsible for his or her actions and liable for their consequences. Of the many values that hold civilization together --- honesty, kindness, and so on --- accountability may be the most important of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no trust, no law --- and, ultimately, no society.

My job as a police officer is to     3     accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned, to oblige themselves to do so. But as every policeman knows, external controls on people’s behavior are far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame and embarrassment.

Fortunately there are still communities --- smaller towns, usually --- where schools maintain discipline and where parents hold up standards that declare: “In this family certain things are not     4     --- they simply are not done!” Yet more and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner restraints are     5    . Your typical robber has none. He considers your property his property; he takes what he wants, including your life if you     6     him.

The main cause of this breakdown is a radical shift in     7    . Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, it’s the criminal who is considered victimized: by his underprivileged upbringing, by the school that didn’t teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with     8     guidance, by the parents who didn’t provide a stable home.

I don’t believe it. Many others in equally     9     circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities. If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of endless     10     where no one accepts responsibility for anything. We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it.

9 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Time: is there ever enough of it? In today's modern world, most of us are     1    with so-called time-saving devices and technological advancements and work less both at the office and at home. But why do we still feel busier?

A study by Derek Thompson on the “myth" of being busy suggests that while     2    brought us convenience, it also brought us new headaches. Consider the idea of FOMO (fear of missing out). Knowing exactly what we're missing out makes us feel guilty or anxious about the     3     of our time and our ability to use it effectively.

While being informed is important, it can lead to anxiety about keeping up with the times. If you find yourself unable to stop scrolling through Twitter, turn off the phone and take a mental break. Practice JOMO (joy of missing out), a(n)     4    on life that's a direct contradiction to FOMO. Get rid of feelings of guilt and “shoulds" and replace them with mindfulness and living in the moment.

Another thing technology has     5     us is the blurring (难以区分)between work and downtime. While constant connection has made the workday much more flexible, it's also harder to turn off at the end of the day. Always being "on" is a(n)     6    state of mind. Consider putting a hard stop on media and electronic devices an hour or two before bed.

Of course, if you want to move up the corporate ladder and get a bigger paycheck, working long hours has long been a     7     strategy. But if you don't have passion for your job or care about what you do, you might just be working yourself into more     8    .

People working the same hours feel completely different levels of time pressure depending on their passion. If most of the hours are spent doing something you don't feel     9    about, it's no wonder you start to feel out of control and anxious about your time. Taking back control of your time can ease this mental stress. Therefore, your time management goal shouldn't be to figure out how to do more, but     10    to figure out how to want less.

10 . Directions: Complete the passage with the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Most people get sweaty palms just staring at EI Capitan, a breathtaking rock formation i Yosemite National Park, California. Alex Honnold’s stayed dry. And this June, he managed to climb the 900-meter vertical wall, pulling on edges barely big enough for     1    .

Honnold could not     2     any slips. That’s because he carried nothing other than a bag of gymnasts’ chalk, to keep his fingers free of moisture. There was no rope to     3    him if he fell. After a four-hour     4     of power and precision, the 31-year-old safely challenged himself.

EI Capitan had been climbed     5     before, including by Honnold, but never in the way he has. In 2011, an American TV show about his earlier “free solos” drew seventeen million viewers. In climbing, “free” means using nothing but rocks for support.   “ Solo” means free of protection. It is the sport at its       6    . In Yosemite, the birthplace of American climbing, Hannold has reached its peak. Praise from fellow climbers was     7     only by relief at his safe return.

The achievement marks the latest in a series of milestones for sport climbing (竞技攀岩). In 2015, two other American Tommy Caldwell and Kevin Jorgeson, established a route up the Dawn Wall, EI Capitan’s     8    part, after years of attempts. They made the front page of the New York Times and got congratulations from Barack Obama for the achievement. Last year, sport climbing was       9     accepted into the Olympic program for Tokyo 2020.

These have strengthened climbing’s position in the sporting circle in America and elsewhere. Google has invited Jorgeson to give a motivational talk to its employees. Climbing gyms have appeared around the globe over the past decade, making the event safer and more     10    to ordinary people. The gyms have been popular among youngsters, who pay more attentions to exercises than to belongings.