2 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. alternative       B. astonishing             C. computerized       D. contribution             E. developing F. rate             G. modified             H. perfect          I. reject          J. relevance          K. sufficient

Using animals to test drugs intended for humans is controversial, with critics arguing there are other ways to ensure new medicines are safe and effective. But the scientists who carry out the research say animal studies remain necessary. Statistics indicate that in the UK around three million mice are being used for research and tens of millions worldwide.

Despite the difference in appearances, the genetic similarities with humans are     1    . The mouse genome (基因组) shares over 95% of its genes with humans. The animal acts as a “model”, genetically     2     to develop a human disease. But the use of mice, like any animal, in research is criticized by some.

Animal Defenders International (ADI) is one of the groups that campaigns for an end to the use of animals in research. “We would argue that it is extremely outdated, and not very good science for humans,” says Fleur Dawes of ADI. Ms. Dawes believes the suffering that the animals go through does not legalize their     3     to science and medicine for humans.” There is a big problem with that because there are huge differences between the species. And even though there are similarities with humans and mice, they react very differently to each other when experimented on. So what works in one animal is not an indication that that is how things work in other animals.”

However, Dr. Wells from Mary Lyon Centre (MLC) says they are constantly trying to     4     the process to reduce the suffering of mice.” If it’s a procedure where you can anaesthetize (麻醉) the mice, then you do it to reduce their stress. And if there is a (n)     5     method that doesn’t involve mice, you are not legally and normally allowed to do the procedure.”

If we     6     animal research, are there alternatives? Dr. Wells says, “There is a massive field     7     on alternatives, and we are very supportive of that field and we always keep track of what is going on in that field, because maybe we can replace one of our models. “Those alternatives include chips on human organs to study their function, micro-dosing treatments in humans and     8     models.” Lots of people say that there is a computer now to model what is going to happen in diseases,” Dr. Wells adds, “But we still don’t know enough to program those computers with     9     knowledge to be able to model what’s happening in every disease.”

Fleur Dawes agrees one alternative is not enough. But she says, “By combining the different alternatives, you can actually get a much better picture that is of much better     10     to humans.”

3 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. estimates       B. lack       C. potential       D. crucial       E. transforms       F. rejected                   G. anxiety          H. unemployed        I. routine        J. impact        K. affects

Joblessness is far more than an economic misfortune. It can be psychological disaster for the     1     and their families. It can cause illness, divide families and create a downward spiral (螺旋式下降) of feelings of worthlessness and     2     of self-esteem. According to research done by M. Harvery Brenner, associate professor of health at Johns Hopkins University, every 1% increase in the unemployment rate     3     37,000 deaths over the next 6 years, including over 20,000 deaths from heart attacks, 900 suicides and nearly 500 deaths from cirrhosis of the liver (肝硬化). In addition, Brenner     4     that 7,500 unemployed or their families will be admitted to prison after committing a crime or to a mental hospital. “The     5     goes well beyond the individual who loses a job,” said Brenner. “Stress caused by economic factors     6     our national life at every level.” Men who have been socialized as the family breadwinner are especially hard hit by unemployment. They suffer greater depression and     7     and have a higher possibility of psychotic behavior than men who are employed. “Nine month on this seems to be a     8     point when hope and patience give out,” said a leading psychologist. “After that illness, suicide, alcoholism, divorce, and even crime grow at an epidemic (流行的) rate.” Left without a job, many workers feel they have nothing to look forward to. They miss their co-workers and the     9     of going to work. For many, the sense of hopelessness grows worse every time they are     10     for a new job. When this happens often enough, the rejection unemployed workers feel may be exacerbated (恶化) if some friends and neighbors avoid them as if they had a contagious disease (传染病).

6 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. capable       B. controllable       C. faint       D. ideal       E. landscape       F. outpacing G. perceive       H. physical        I. promise       J. scrub       K. supporting

You’ll Never Be Truly Alone

In the decades to come, a large number of home robots could make today’s appliances seem interesting. The market for consumer and office robots is expected to develop quickly in the next three years, according to a 2015 report by Business Insider Intelligence, being greater than $1.5 billion and far     1     the growth of robots in manufacturing.

We already have robots that clean the house, like the Roomba, but in the future we’ll also have robot arms that can     2     surfaces and bathe people, says Christopher Atkeson, a roboticist at Carnegie Mellon, whose lab has produced such machines. Eventually, robots will fold laundry and cook meals. And if they work well, you won’t even notice them. The key to effective robots is ”being     3    of predicting what people will do,“ says Julie Shah, the head of the Interactive Robotics Group at MIT. ”The idea is either     4     people or staying out of their way.“

That said, some people may want a robot that hangs around. In Japan, a friendly humanoid robot called Pepper that can    5    and respond to human emotion has proved enormously popular since it went on sale two years ago. Pepper might turn out to be the     6    roommate- helpful, kind, and always up for hanging out, but never in the way.

Perhaps the already     7    line between online and offline life will disappear, and human relationships with intelligent machines will represent a new extension of our social    8    . Your in-hour robot could serve as an avatar(化身)for friends and family,     9     from afar so that, with the help of robotic arms and legs, you could dance with or hug a loved one who is halfway around the planet. The real     10    of - or problem with - the house of the future, then, might be that you’ll never have to leave it. However, what the future house will be like still remains to be seen.

7 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. assigned             B. attractive             C. bridge             D. cooperating          E. exposed     F. possessions G. requests             H. screen                  I. socializing        J. unappealing          K. virtual

The office used to be a place people went because they had to. Meetings happened in conference rooms and in person. Desks took up most of the space. The kingdom of Dilbert and of David Brent is now under threat. The pandemic has     1     the office to competition from remote working, and brought up questions about how it should be designed in the future.

Start with what the office is for. In the past it was a place for employees to get their work done, whatever form that took. Now other conceptions of its role strive for attention. Some think of the office as the new offsite (异地活动) . Its purpose is to get people together in person so they can do the things that remote working makes harder: establishing deeper relationships or     2     in real time on specific projects. Others talk of the office as a destination, a place that has to make the idea of getting out of bed earlier, in order to socialize with people who may have covid-19, seem       3     .

In other words, a layout that is largely devoted to people working at desks alongside the same colleagues each day all feels very 2019. With fewer people coming in and more emphasis on cooperation, fewer desks will be       4     to individuals. Instead, there will be more shared areas, where people in a team can work together flexible. More hot-desking (轮用办公桌) will also necessitate storage space for personal     5     : lockers may soon be back in your life.

To     6     gaps between teams, one strategy is to set aside more of the office to present the work of each department. Another option is to provide everyone with drink. Expect more space to be set aside for     7     and events. Bars in offices are apparently going to be a thing. Robin Avia of Gensler, an architecture firm, says she is seeing lots of       8     for places, like large auditoriums, where a company's clients can have “experiences”.

Designs for the post-covid office must also allow for hybrid work. Meetings have to work for       9     participants as well as for in-person contributors; cameras, screens and microphones will multiply. Gensler's New York offices feature mini-meeting rooms that have a monitor and a half-table sticking out from the wall below it, with seating for 4 or 5 people arranged to face the       10    , not each other.

8 . 阅读下面一段文本，并从每段文本方框的单词选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

A. balanced   B. determination   C. expectation   D. well-being   E. contributes   F. essential   G. compares

Sports and fitness play a (n)     1     role in maintaining a healthy and     2     lifestyle. Engaging in sports not only promotes physical     3     but also enhances mental and emotional health. Through sports, we can cultivate teamwork, discipline, and     4    . Participating in sports and fitness activities not only benefits our physical health but also     5     to overall happiness and long life.

9 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. generation       B. multiple       C. automated       D. personalize       E. place       F. forwards G. regularly        H. unprotected       I. respectively       J. identify.       K. insecure

What can you do to avoid Telecoms fraud (诈骗)?

Telecoms fraud and other security breaches (安全漏洞) can be prevented and minimized by implementing a full end-to-end procedure. In addition, it’s important for you to secure your devices and services to strengthen your security and avoid any fraudulent activity or threats.

Due to the    1    nature of the internet, it’s not always possible to guarantee protection against fraud. However, there are a variety of methods that you can put in    2    within your phone system’s security that can prevent this further:

Security

The most important action to take when protecting your phone system or PBX (Private Branch Exchange) is investing in good security and password/account management software. You should be using password    3    and saving systems, as well as choosing passwords with complex combinations. It’s also important that you don’t use the same password for    4     accounts or systems. If a hacker finds this password, they can use it to get into and take control of all your systems, so remember to    5     update your passwords and make sure no two passwords are the same.

Another way to protect your systems with passwords is to password protect your mobile phone. If you leave your mobile phone    6    , it’s very easy for a hacker or scammer to get in and setup call features, like    7    and voicemails on the handsets.

Calling pattern analysis

Call pattern analysis helps    8    patterns in call traffic and monitors and prevents calls which go over specific limits. This can be based around costs, call duration, volume, time of day and call destinations. Call traffic can’t be monitored all the time; however, a vast majority of fraudulent traffic can occur during holidays and weekends, when customers and suppliers arc away from the office and their devices. Any spikes (高峰) in traffic should generate    9    alerts to relevant parties and this activity can then be restricted, and additional measures can be put into place to protect you and your systems.

Call barring

Call baring lets you bar or block certain types of call, IP addresses and destinations from being made to or from your phone. You can    10    our call barring settings for both UK and international numbers. It’s also a good idea to bar calls from certain IP addresses and only authorize business or employee IP addresses to make calls.

10 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. ranging          B. appropriately     C. association     D. facilitating E. evidence                 F. modest             G. obtaining     H. offered I. rose       J. steer        K. treatment

That throbbing headache just won’t go away and your mind is racing about what might be wrong. It turns out googling your symptoms may not be as ill-advised as once thought.

Although some doctors advise against turning to the internet before going to the clinic, a new study suggests that researching symptoms online may not be harmful after all, and could lead to     1     improvements in diagnosis (诊断).

Using “Dr. Google” is controversial, with fears that it can lead to inaccurate diagnoses, bad advice on where to seek     2    , and increased anxiety.

Previous research into the subject has been limited to observational studies of internet search behavior, so researchers from Harvard sought to empirically (以经验为主地) measure the    3     of an internet search with diagnosis, triage (分诊，即按患者伤势决定治疗次序), and anxiety by presenting 5,000 people in the US with a series of symptoms and asking them to imagine someone close to them was experiencing the symptoms

The participants were made up of roughly equal numbers of men and women with an average age of 45. They were asked to provide a diagnosis based on the given information，which ranged from mild to severe, and described common illnesses such as viruses, heart attacks and stroke.Then, they looked up their case symptoms on the internet and again     4     a diagnosis. Participants were also asked to select a triage level,     5     from “let the health issue get better on its own” to calling emergency services, and to record their anxiety levels.

The result showed a sharp increase in diagnosis accuracy, which was 49.8% before the search and     6     to 54% after the search. However, there was no difference in triage accuracy, or anxiety, the authors wrote in the journal JAMA Network Open.

About three-quarters of the study participants were able to identify the severity of a situation, and     7     choose when to seek care.

The lead author, Dr. David Levine, said the findings suggested that medical experts and policymakers probably did not need to     8     patients away from the internet when it came to seeking health information and self-diagnosis or triage. Instead, using the internet was likely to help patients figure out what was wrong.

“Many physicians believe that using the internet to search for one’s symptoms is a bad idea and this provides some     9     that is unlikely the case,” he said. “Searchers for the most part did not use poor sources of information such as chat forums or social media. This similarly refutes the idea that folks who search the internet are     10     ‘bad advice’ from poor data sources.”