1 . Are you often getting angry? Do you often feel gloomy and down in your life? If the answer is “yes”, then maybe you have a Type D personality.

People with a Type D personality usually lack confidence and have a great fear of disapproval (反对).This stops them from opening up to others.    1    The right thing is that they might be interested in people but afraid of communicating with them, because they don’t want to be turned down by others.

Additionally, bad feelings such as worry, stress, depression (抑郁) and anger visit Type D people more often.A small event that is usually overlooked by others can upset them a lot, or even ruin their moods.

    2    The first thing you must understand about personality types is that they have nothing to do with genes (基因).Having a Type D personality doesn’t mean that you can’t change it.Learn to control your emotions, overcome the fear of disapproval and learn to express your feelings to others.

Or, are you a Type A, B or C person? The personality theory describes Type A people as outgoing, energetic and organized.     3    .They set deadlines (截止日期) and achieve them strictly.They also hate delays of any kind.“I’m late.I’m late!” could be their pet phrase.For their attention on time, people with a Type A personality also tend to feel anxious and over-stressed.

Different from Type A group, people with a Type B personality are laid-back.They have the ability to relax and enjoy small achievements.They seldom get stressed or depressed.However, individuals with such a personality have their weakness.     4    

To be brief, people with a Type C personality are perfectionists (完美主义者).They tend to take their time and check their work over and over again.Time is not that important to Type C people.     5    Because of their focus on details, they like to get to the bottom of things, and are often asking “why” or “how” something works.

3 . Kathleen Rooney knew that writing Cher Ami and Major Whittlesey, from the point of view of a pigeon, was a risk. Rooney, perhaps best known for her 2017 bestseller, Lillian Boxfish Takes a Walk, says her interest in a feathered narrator was excited by one of her students at DePaul University, where she is an English professor. “A student named Brian mentioned Cher Ami in a poem. It blew my mind that this pigeon was so heroic and is stuffed and on display in the Smithsonian National Museum of American History.”

Rooney learned that Cher Ami, a British homing pigeon, helped save a group of American troops during a horrific, multi-day World War I battle. The story of this amazing pigeon and the extraordinary man who commanded the battle, Major Charles Whittlesey, was altogether attractive.

In Cher Ami and Major Whittlesey, Charles reflects on his happier prewar days in New York City, where he ran a law firm with a college classmate. When it came time for battle, though, he and his fellows found themselves cut off from supply lines, surrounded by enemy German troops.

Carrier pigeons were the group’s only hope of contacting headquarters and getting the other Americans to stop dropping bombs on them. Cher Ami flew through gunfire to deliver Charles' message, which finally stopped the attack. She lost an eye and a leg, among other wounds, but was eventually able to hobble (蹒跚) on a tiny wooden prosthesis (义肢) that the Army made for her. She lived another year before dying of her injuries in 1919, but in the novel she continues speaking to readers behind glass in the Smithsonian where she’s been since her death.

There’s an interesting lesson to be learned from Charles’ decisions in the battle, too. “He was famous for something we’d describe as passive,” Rooney says. “Once they were in the pocket, he waited as long as he could. I’m an impatient, active person ... His act was stillness, waiting, keeping everybody’s spirits up. The way he did that was amazing.”

Rooney also hopes the book, with its portrayal of the charming and brave Cher Ami, will boost the appreciation of our furry and feathered friends.

4 . Music influences your emotions. In turn, your emotions influence your behavior. One of these is your food intake.     1     What does science say about this subject?

Researchers at the University of Arkansas studied how music influences people when they eat in a restaurant. For the study, they used four types of music: jazz, classical, rock, and hip-hop. Their results showed that people had more appetite when they listened to jazz music while they ate.     2     This has a lot to do with emotions. For instance, when you listen to music with harmonic rhythms like jazz, you feel happier. This increases your appetite.

However, another study published in Psychological Reports suggests it isn’t only increased appetite that causes people to eat more.     3     A more stimuli-filled environment makes you eat more. In fact, they tend to urge you on to eat and even “encourage” you to eat faster. On the other hand, if the atmosphere in the restaurant is relaxed, you’re likely to feel more relaxed and spend more time enjoying yourself. For this reason, you’ll tend to eat less.

Besides, the study conducted by the Journal of the Academy suggests that the volume of music can also have an effect on how you eat. More specifically, the study states that, with low-volume music, you eat better because you make healthier choices. On the other hand, the study claims that music at high volume increases stimulation and stress.     4    

For this reason, restaurants should consider the fact when thinking about the optimization of their products and services.     5     They equip themselves with the technology needed to provide memorable experiences through music, greatly strengthening their relationship with the customer.

5 . The best-sellers of Amazon’s self-help list

With Mental Health Awareness Week in full swing, we’ve turned to the best-sellers of Amazon’s self-help list. Here are the most popular books over the past year.

Quiet

Fearne Cotton

Written to control the inner voice that says you can’t and silence what Fearne calls ‘brain-chatter’ that holds you back and stops you from believing in yourself. It’s a handbook to help deal effectively with modern life filled with expert advice and ideas you can put into practice.

Can’t Hurt me

David Goggins

Sharing his astonishing life story—from poverty, prejudice, and physical abuse to a U.S. Armed Forces icon and one of the world’s top endurance athletes. David Goggins reveals that most of us only ever tap into just 40% of our capabilities. Goggins refers to this as ‘The 40% Rule’, with his story lighting a path that anyone can follow to push past pain and reach their full potential.

The Wim Hof Method

Wim Hof

If you’re fascinated by Wim Hof and his amazing achievements. Think, barefoot marathons over deserts and ice fields. As an endurance (耐力) athlete, he’s multiple broken world records bearing the most extreme temperatures through the power of the mind. Exploring the ways to activate your potential and go beyond your limits. Taking control of both your body and life by releasing the great power of the mind Hoff explains his method for surviving extreme conditions.

The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck

Mark Manson

“Don’t hope for a life without problems. There’s no such thing. Instead, hope for a life full of good problems.” Manson makes the argument, backed by academic research and amounts of toilet humour, that improving our lives depends not on our ability to turn lemons into lemonade, but rather learning to stomach lemons better.

8 . Imagine that you are a detective at the scene of a crime. What you find is confusion. Evidence has been moved, stepped on, broken. You even suspect that someone took crucial items as souvenirs! This would make your job much more difficult, right?     1    

Archaeologists are like detectives. We study clues left by people long ago and learn a lot about them: their culture, their environment, where they came from, and where they went. Anything made or modified by people is an artifact(文物).     2     These clues add to the great puzzle of history-- our history.

Archaeological sites are important to our cultural heritage. Laws protect them against damage by neglect, vandalism, or looters(掠夺者). Laws also help to preserve sites on public land.     3     This is true except in cases where human bones are found. Special laws regulate what can be done with human remains.

What if you find an artifact- -maybe an arrowhead, a piece of pottery, or an old cowboy spur --in your backyard?     4     Write down anything you notice. Is it on the surface, or was it buried? Are there other artifacts nearby? Take pictures. Every detail can help explain the artifact and maybe even reveal who left it behind.

    5     What is the local Native American tribe? Was there an old colonial or western town nearby? Were battles fought in your area in the revolution or the Civil War?

Then contact your state’s historic preservation officer or an archaeologist at a nearby college or university. These experts can help explain what you found.

9 . Hillary Clinton said, a decade ago, that "The subjugation(压迫) of women is a threat to the common security of our world." Societies that subjugate women are far more likely to be violent and unstable.

There are several possible reasons for this. In many places girls are selectively aborted(流产). This has led to abnormal sex ratios(比例), which mean millions of young men are doomed to remain single. Frustrated young men are more likely to commit violent crimes or join rebel groups.

Societies based on male bonding tend to subjugate women. Fathers choose whom their daughters will marry. Often there is a bride price -- the groom's family pay what are sometimes considerable sums to the bride's family. This encourages fathers to make their daughters marry early. Bride prices are common in half the world's countries. A fifth of the world's young women were married before the age of 18; a twentieth before 15. Child brides are more likely to drop out of school, less able to stand up to abusive husbands and less likely to raise healthy, well-educated children.

Peace talks should include women. Between 1992 and 2019, only 13% of negotiators and 6% of signatories of peace deals were female. Yet peace tends to last longer when women are at the table. This may be because they are more ready to compromise: or perhaps because a room without women implies a conflict between the men with guns without input from non-combatants(非武装人员).

More broadly, governments should mean it when they say they want to liberate half of humanity. Educate girls, many of whom have quit school to work or marry. Enforce bans on child marriage, hard though that is in remote villages. Equalize inheritance rights. Teach boys not to hit women. Introduce public pensions, which weaken the tradition where couples are expected to live with the man's parents. But policymakers who fail to consider the interests of half the population cannot hope to understand the world.

10 . Most of us may not have realized that mice can show an emotional expression at all. But a group of German neurobiologists have proven mice can, in fact, express emotions.

Nadine Gogolla, a neurobiologist, and her fellow researchers carried out an experiment with emotive mice and linked five emotional states -- pleasure, disgust, nausea, pain and fear -- to their facial expressions.

The team stimulated mice to react in certain ways to observe how their faces changed. They found that different stimuli(刺激物) would lead to different reactions. More interestingly, not every mouse reacted the same way T0 the same stimulus. They also showed slight changes in their facial expressions: When they experienced pain, their noses drooped and their ears flicked down. When they felt fearful, their ears stuck up and their eyes widened.

Observations alone couldn't determine the intensity of those emotions, though. So the neurobiologists next built descriptors for what each facial expression would look like and trained a computer to detect them within a second. This effectively “measured" the emotions.

But emotions don't arise just in response to stimuli, the researchers noted- they originate in the brain.

So the neurobiologists took a peek inside the mice's heads using light to activate neurons(神经元) that transmit information from the environment throughout the body to cause a mouse to react. The regions of the brain associated with emotions in humans lit up in mice, too, when a mouse's face showed pleasure.

In the mice brains, neurons reacted with the same strength at the same time the mice “made a face." This suggests that there are individual neurons that could be responsible for animals' Being, though this point requires more research.

Being able to measure the emotion state of an animal can hopefully help us to understand how we can interfere with the activity in particular brain regions to ease man's suffering." Gogolla said.