1 . Social Integration — Welcoming the Newcomers
Social integration is the process through which minority groups interact, come together or are incorporated within a community, Increased social integration helps reduce conflict and tension in society, and it can help the new migrants feel more connected to their new community. How do different groups remain relatively cohesive in society?
A few countries around the world have adopted integrated frameworks for their economic, social, political and cultural policies with regard to accepting these migrants into the local society.
Integration takes place in neighbourhoods. work places, schools and public places where people from diverse backgrounds spend most of their time.
A.Social integration is no doubt a continuous changing process. |
B.Formal education is one common platform that brings together diversified groups. |
C.Integration also takes place in various arts programmes which are supported by local community. |
D.Concerted efforts are made to ensure there are equal opportunities for migrants regardless of their backgrounds. |
E.Societies are better off if they promote social integration through common practices that reduce tension, discrimination and poverty. |
F.Social integration should be guided in reasonable steps and stimulated by local governments. |
2 . For thousands of years, the most important two buildings in any British village have been the church and the pub. In fact, until a place has a church and a pub, it is not really considered a community worthy of a name. Traditionally, the church and the pub are at the heart of any village or town, where the people gather together to socialize and exchange news. They are institutions at the heart of British society. After all, the word ‘pub’ is actually short for ‘public house’.
As a result, British pubs are often old and well preserved. Many of them have become historic sites. that tourists visit. One of the most famous examples is the city of Nottingham called “The Old Trip to Jerusalem”, which dates back to the year AD 1189 and is probably the oldest pub in England. It was the same year in which kings Richard the first came into power, who led the First Crusade into the Holy Land, towards Jerusalem.
Many British pubs have old names referring to governors, such as The King's Head or The Queen Victoria, but of course this doesn’t mean they are only for kings and queens. Pubs have always welcome people from all classes and parts of society. On a cold night, the pub's landlord or landlady can always find a warm place for you by the fire. There is always honest and hearty food and plenty of drink available at an affordable price.
That’s how things used to be. but there are worrying signs that things are beginning to change. Economic downturns, governmental financial measures, and cultural changes are causing many pubs to go out of business. People do not have a lot of spare money to spend on beer. On top of that, in 2007 smoking was banned in all public indoor spaces, including pubs, which may also have affected the numbers of customers going to pubs since then.
This decline is happening despite the fact that pubs are now allow by law to stay open after 11 pm. Previously, with 11 pm as closing time, customers would have to drink quite quickly, meaning they sometimes got more drunk than they would if allowed to drink slowly. The British habit of drinking is known as “binge drinking”, and it causes long-term health problems individuals and problems with violent crime for communities. The UK government is trying to find ways of discouraging binge drinking, and regularly spends money on television commercials to warn people of the problems of king too much.
1. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A.British pubs are preserved well mainly to attract tourists from all of the world. |
B.British pubs are quite popular and accessible to people from all walks of life. |
C.Most British pubs are going out of business because of economic and cultural bans. |
D.Most British pubs have to shut down to adjust themselves to meet the smoking ban. |
A.To stimulate customers to spend more on drinks. |
B.To help British pubs survive economic downturns. |
C.To encourage more sensible ways of drinking in pubs. |
D.To get rid of violent crime in most part of Britain. |
A.drinking too much and too quickly | B.social problems related to British pubs |
C.a new long-term drinking approach | D.problems caused by drinking too much |
A.Different methods to welcome new customers to pubs. |
B.Various advertisements encouraging people to quit drinking. |
C.The campaigns and strategies to support the traditional pubs. |
D.Trends of migrating back from the modern wine bars to old ones. |
3 . This era of “Industry 4. 0” is being driven by the same technological advances that enable the capabilities of the smartphones in our pockets. It is a mix of low-cost and high-power computers, high-speed communication and artificial intelligence. This will produce smarter robots with better sensing and communication abilities that can
In the manufacturing industry, where robots have arguably made the most headway of any division, this will mean a(n)
For large-scale manufacturers, Industry 4. 0 means their robots will be able to sense their environment and communicate in an industrial network that can be run and
For
While these machines are getting smarter, they are still not as smart as us. Today's industrial artificial intelligence operates at a
What's coming next is known as “deep learning”. Similar to big data analysis, it involves processing large quantities of data in real time to
A.compare with | B.adapt to | C.pick out | D.hold on |
A.extensive | B.accidental | C.convenient | D.dramatic |
A.Traditional | B.Removable | C.Fashionable | D.Potential |
A.temporarily | B.thoroughly | C.eventually | D.initially |
A.arranged | B.evaluated | C.monitored | D.composed |
A.gradually | B.collectively | C.similarly | D.approximately |
A.identify | B.reserve | C.exploit | D.indicate |
A.dominating | B.imposing | C.eliminating | D.scheduling |
A.high-speed | B.mass-produced | C.small-to-medium | D.multi-cultural |
A.multiple | B.feasible | C.profitable | D.independent |
A.promotions | B.improvements | C.highlights | D.resolutions |
A.separate | B.peculiar | C.narrow | D.mysterious |
A.come up with | B.account for | C.give way to | D.make decisions about |
A.difference | B.commission | C.phenomenon | D.expectation |
A.introduced | B.described | C.prepared | D.demonstrated |
A. cultivate B. reassuring C. opposing D. objective E. confidence F. evidence G. perceived H. functioning I. estimate J. existing K. scientism |
Why Doubt Is Essential To Science
The confidence people place in science is frequently based not on what it really is, but on what people would like it to be. When I asked students at the beginning of the year how they would define science, many of them replied that it is a(n)
But doubt in science is a feature, not a bug. Indeed, science, when properly
As a historian of science, I would argue that it's the responsibility of scientists and historians of science to show that the real power of science lies precisely in what is often
Scientists understand this, but in the
5 . Imagine you're standing in line to buy an after-school snack at a store. You step up to the counter and the cashier scans your food. Next, you have to pay. But instead of scanning a QR code with your smartphone, you just hold out your hand so the cashier can scan your fingerprint. Or, a camera scans your face, your eyes or even your ear.
In 2013, Apple introduced the iPhone 5s, one of the first smartphones with a fingerprint scanner. Since then, using one's fingerprint to unlock a phone and make mobile payments has become commonplace, bringing convenience to our lives. And since lasts year, San-sun has featured eye-scanning technology in its top smartphone, while Apple's new iPhone X can even scan a user's face.
When introducing the new iPhone's Face ID feature at Apple's Keynote Event in September. Phil Schiller, Apple's senior vice president, said. “
But it's already been done. In a video posted on community website Reddit on Nov 3, two brothers showed how they were each able to unlock the same iPhone X using their own face. Quartz reported. And they aren't even twins.
“We may expect too much from bio-metrics.” Anil Jain, a computer science professor at Michigan State University. told CBS news. “No security systems are perfect.”
Earlier this year, Jain found a way to trick biometric security. Using a printed copy of a thumbprint, she was able to unlock a dead person's smartphone for police.
“It's good to see bio-metrics being used more,” Jain told CBS News, “because it adds another factor for security.
A.But despite its popularity, experts warn that bio-metrics might not be as secure as we'd imagined |
B.Security experts don't think it absolutely necessary to use biometric technology. |
C.But using different security measures is the best defense. |
D.Now, this type of technology might not be far away. |
E.If a person's biometric information is stolen, that could have extremely serious results for him. |
F.The chance that a random person could look at your iPhone X and unlock it with his face is about one in a million. |
6 . What exactly is a lie? Is it anything we say which we know is untrue? Or is it something more than that? For example, suppose a firiend wants to borrow some money from you. You say “I wish I could help you but I'm short of money myself.” In fact, you are not short of money but your friend is in the habit of not paying his debts and you don't want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this. Is this really a lie?
Professor Jerald Jellison of the University of Southern Califormia has made a scientific study of lying. According to him, women are better liars than men. particular when telling a “white lie”, such as when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it looks awful. However, this is only one side of the story. Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more serious lies, such as making a promise which they no intention of fulfilling. This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at: the lie from which the liar hopes to profit or gain in some way.
Research has also been done into the way people's behavior changes in a number of small apparently unimportant ways when they lie. It has been found that if they are sitting down at the time, they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual. To the trained observer they are saying “I wish I were somewhere else now.” They also tend to touch certain parts of the face more often, in particular the nose. One explanation of this may be that lying causes a slight increase in blood pressure. The up of the nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressure make sit itch.
Another gesture which give liars away is that the writer Desmond Morris in his book Man-watching calls “the mouth cover” He says there are several typical forms of this, such as covering part of the mouth with the fingers, touching the upper-lip or putting a finger of the hand at one side of the mouth. Such as gesture can be understood as an unconscious attempt on the part of the lair to stop himself or herself from lying.
Of course, such gestures as rubbing the nose or covering the mouth, or moving about in a chair cannot be taken as proof that the speaker is lying. They simply tend to occur more frequently n this situation. It is not one gesture alone that gives the lair away but whole number of things and in particular the context in which the lie is told.
1. According to the passage, a “white lie” seems to be a lie ________.A.that other people believe |
B.that other people don't believe |
C.told in order to avoid offending someone |
D.told in order to take advantage of someone |
A.generally lie far more than men do |
B.are better at telling less serious lies than men are |
C.lie at parties more often than men do |
D.often make promise they don't intend to keep |
A.he looks very serious |
B.his blood pressure increase considerably |
C.he uses his unconscious mind |
D.there tends to be some small changes in his behavior |
A.The touching of the tip of one's nose | B.The changes of one's behavior. |
C.The circumstances where the lie is told | D.“The mouth cover” gesture. |
7 . Nothing seems more inevitable than aging and death-not even taxes. Every plant, animal and person you have ever seen will
We already know that some animals do not seem to age. Many cold-water ocean fish and some amphibians(两栖动物)never
Throughout the history of life on earth, one of the most common difficulties that animals and their cells) have faced has been a lack of food. About 70 years ago, scientists discovered that when animals are forced to live on 30 to 40 percent fewer calories than they would
About 15 years ago, armed with powerful new molecular-research technique, a few scientists began to
A.suddenly | B.eventually | C.gradually | D.unexpectedly |
A.desire | B.feeling | C.fear | D.understanding |
A.develop | B.design | C.control | D.solve |
A.reach | B.acquire | C.need | D.display |
A.brains | B.environment | C.growth | D.genes |
A.but | B.or | C.and | D.nor |
A.rarely | B.occasionally | C.normally | D.mainly |
A.resistant | B.similar | C.essential | D.accessible |
A.quickens | B.slows | C.avoids | D.overcomes |
A.available | B.extra | C.specific | D.original |
A.investigate | B.illustrate | C.record | D.prove |
A.famous | B.generous | C.responsible | D.convenient |
A.on | B.to | C.in | D.by |
A.disappointed | B.depressed | C.starved | D.scared |
A.look | B.feel | C.live | D.become |
A glimpse at the “private, hidden face” of Albert Einstein, including the celebrated scientist's thoughts on everything from his fears
The collection, which includes a previously unknown photograph of Einstein as a five-year-old and the only
“What is remarkable about them comes from the fact that he had this incredibly close relationship with his sister. It's quite clear that
In 1924, nine years after he completed the general theory of relativity in 1915. Einstein would write to Maja that “scientifically I haven't achieved much recently-the brain gradually goes oft (停止)
Venning said he had not seen Einstein
9 . Zelda Fitzgerald, as is revealed by numerous personal books and letters, wore many labels in her life. She was “the original flapper girl” and “the spirit of the Jazz Age.” Married to the celebrated writer F. Scott Fitzgerald (author of The Gireat Giatsby), she was by turns his muse and the woman who ruined his life. In her later years she was “Crazy Zelda”.
Accurate as all these descriptions may be, they do not tell the whole story. Born in Montgomery, Alabama, she was noted for her beauty and high spirits in dancing. In July 1918, at a country club dance, Fitzgerald was hooked immediately by the beautiful and charming 18-year-old Zelda who out-shined(使逊色)other beauties with her distinguished ballet. A light affection evolved into a lengthy long-distance pursuit of weekly letters, with Fitzgerald aware of her uncommitted dating of other men. He courted her after his discharge from the Army in February 1919, but Zelda had doubts. Her fiance wasn't rich and there was no guarantee he’d ever be famous. His short stories didn’t sell. His apartment was a dump. Zelda gave back the ring. Hoping to fix the “no money” part of his problem. Fitzgerald quit the job and started to rewrite novels for success and money so that he could win back his girl. Finally, he made it! On March 20, 1920, his novel This Side of Paradise got published and Zelda agreed to marry him.
However, their marriage was troubled by wild drinking, fighting, infidelity(不忠实)and bitter recriminations. Emest Hemingway, whom Zelda disliked, blamed her for Scot’s declining literary output, though she has also been portrayed as the victim of an overbearing husbano Actually. Zelda was also creative, pursuing both dancing and writing. Some scholars have portrayed Zelda as a creative talent ignored by the patriarchal(男权的)society of the day. Her inspiration was even drawn by her husband in literary creation-Scott used their relationship as material in his novels, even borrowing episodes from Zelda’s diary and applying them into his fictional writings. She detested(讨厌)her husband’s practice: “Mr. Fitzgerald-I believe that is how he spells his name-seems to believe that plagiarism begins at home.” To seek an artistic identity of her own value, as she put it “I wish I could write a beautiful book to break those hearts that are soon to cease to exist.”
Nevertheless her unique personality was starting to seem more unbalanced than charming. The couple-like the rest of the nation-was living on borrowed time. In October 1929 the stock market crashed, triggering the Great Depression. Six months later, Zelda suffered her first nervous breakdown. After being diagnosed with schizophrenia(精神分裂), she was increasingly confined to specialist clinics, and since then has departed with her husband. Zelda died later in a fire at her hospital in Asheville, North Carolina, putting an end to her flamboyant(绚丽夺目的)life. A young woman, especially one in the 1920s, who was against traditional dress and behavior.
1. Where will you most probably find this article?A.In a newspaper. | B.In a literary magazine. |
C.In a prepared speech | D.In a research report. |
A.Ideal partnership | B.Unbalanced love relationship. |
C.Love-hate relationship. | D.Mutually-jealous relationship |
A.copying | B.adaption |
C.reference | D.imagination |
A.Fitzgerald successfully won Zelda’s heart by reading her his novels and writing her weekly letters. |
B.Hemingway disliked Zelda because of her female identity and talent that outshined her husband. |
C.Zelda was glad to be her husband’s muse and provided him with literary materials. |
D.The “Crazy Zelda” died without Fitzgerald’s companion after severe schizophrenia. |
A. threatened B. enthusiastically C. charge D. viewed E. command F. satisfy G. undoubtedly H. approval I. favorable J. treasured K. considerable |
Public image doesn't make money directly. nor is it anything visible. However, excellent public image is such an important thing that it is
A firm's public image plays a vital role in the attraction of the firm and its products to employees, customers, and to such outsiders as stockholders, supplies, creditors (贷款方), government officials, as well as different special groups. With some things it is impossible to
A firm's public image, if it is good, should be