1 . In many casual discussion of language on the Internet, it’s common to hear about how “textspeak (短信语言)” is ruining language. Some people argue that technology has made us lazy about how we speak and write. Mainstream media have complained about the way in which people communicate using technology.
Of course, language does change when it’s used to text or write messages online. “Textspeak” is an evolution of language. It’s even the focus of the field of linguistics (语言学) called Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC). This field is devoted to the study of interaction facilitated by technology like computers, mobile phones and tablets. People have been complaining about language being “ruined” as long as they’ve been writing and speaking. In a talk, linguist John McWhorter shared stories of people complaining about language change through the ages. He said in AD 63, for example, a Roman scholar complained that students of Latin were writing in an “artificial language”. In fact, this writing was a new language that would become French!
Today, people are able to communicate rapidly using a wide variety of tools and technologies. Perhaps no linguistic development better indicates changes in the ways we communicate than the popular emoticon (表情符号), which can produce very clear pictures in our minds. The emoticon “:)”, for example, is a visual representation of a smiley face turned sideways. Although an emoticon may look like a smile, a frown or any number of facial expressions, it doesn’t really represent a face. Instead, it’s intended to express a feeling, such as “I’m happy” or “just joking”.
Emoticons that represent these feelings are what linguists call discourse particles. These are little pieces of language that offer information about the tone of the statement though some elders feel puzzled about it. Far from ruining language, it turns out that “textspeak” enables people to communicate complex feelings in a simple, streamlined manner. This kind of change is perfect for the modern, fast-paced world.
1. What have mainstream media complained about according to paragraph 1?| A．Communication barriers. | B．The mode of communication. |
| C．Technological innovations. | D．The laziness of modern people. |
| A．By giving an example. | B．By conducting an experiment. |
| C．By making comparisons. | D．By underlying assumptions. |
| A．Misty. | B．Violent. | C．Vivid. | D．Mysterious. |
| A．Approving. | B．Tolerant. | C．Unconcerned. | D．Unclear. |
2 . The universe is incredibly vast. The diameter (直径) of the observable universe is estimated to be about 93 billion light years across. With just our eyes, we can generally only see a few thousand light years worth of distance though there are some objects we can see that are much further away. The farthest object we can see with our eyes is Andromeda Galaxy (仙女座星系) located 2.5 million light years away, and yet it is only visible if there is little light pollution. In order to see farther into space, we must rely on telescopes. How far can we see using the most powerful telescopes?
The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) was the record holder for the farthest visible distance in space until the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in 2021. JWST is now the most powerful telescope ever built, and it is able to see the universe as it was only 200 million years after the Big Bang. That means that JWST is able to piece together an additional 300 million years of universal history compared to HST. JWST will be able to study some of the first galaxies to form after the Big Bang.
The farthest physical distance we can see is the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR). CMBR can be thought of as the echo (回声) of the Big Bang as it is the leftover radiation from the birth of the universe. The CMBR itself is the farthest possible distance humans can see as it represents the moment that the universe became transparent to light. Although light did exist before CMBR, gas and dust were simply too dense for light to cross space. CMBR formed only 380,000 years after the Big Bang, and so we are seeing the universe prior to the formation of even the first stars.
1. Why does the author mention Andromeda Galaxy?| A．To present the origin of the universe. |
| B．To stress the severity of space pollution. |
| C．To show the limited range of human vision. |
| D．To prove humans' wonderful view of space. |
| A．It was launched in 2022. |
| B．It is more advanced than HST. |
| C．It can see 300 million years after the Big Bang. |
| D．It was used to study the formation of the first galaxies. |
| A．Distant. | B．Rare. |
| C．Tiny. | D．Thick. |
| A．How Far Can Humans See In Space? | B．How Will JWST Be Applied? |
| C．How Will Humans Explore Space? | D．How Far Can JWST See? |
3 . Introduction to the Events Held in the British Library
International Translation Day
29th-30th, September 2022
International Translation Day returns with a two-day programme from English PEN. It is the annual event for translators, translation and translated literature. Following the in-person programme of London-based workshops, talks and networking opportunities, English PEN hosts online conversations with international speakers.
Audio Description Tour of Gold
19th September, 2022
On this tour you can explore items that are hundreds of years old and disclose the stories lightened by gold. Discover the masterful techniques used to handle such a precious metal. This is an online only event hosted on the British Library platform. People booking it will be sent a viewing link in advance to watch at any time for 48 hours after the start time.
Spring and Summer 2022 Programme
12th February-21st August 2022
The British Library has cooperated with West Dean College of Arts and Conservation to deliver a study programme on preservation and collection for libraries. The programme centers around continued professional development and is aimed at professionals, students and others interested in furthering their skills in this area.
Alexander the Great: The Making of Wonders
21st October, 2022-19th February, 2023
Alexander, born in ancient Macedonia, built an empire that stretched across the ancient world, and his exploration of unfamiliar lands, rulers and cultures, from European to Asian shaped his legacy into the fantastic stories we know of today. Join librarians, writers and historians to dig into these stories, as you decide for yourself who Alexander really was.
1. What do the first two listed events have in common?| A．Both last two days. | B．Both should be booked in advance. |
| C．Both are available on the Internet. | D．Both are based in London workshops. |
| A．The construction of college campuses. |
| B．The exploration of ancient technology. |
| C．The introduction of metal-handling techniques. |
| D．The development of library collection professions. |
| A．International Translation Day. |
| B．Audio Description Tour of Gold. |
| C．Spring and Summer 2022 Programme. |
| D．Alexander the Great: The Making of Wonders. |
4 . Jewel White, a 15-year-old student, gathers her books and signs herself out of a routine morning math class. She is not leaving school for the day, but is off to try some more challenging equations. This practice is not uncommon at Westmount Secondary School in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, where an unconventional learning approach is prevailing.
Westmount is one of the eight regular schools in the country where students work at their own pace and set their own direction, spending as much or as little time as they need on subjects. Teachers act as advisers. With the classroom teachers’ permission, students can sign out of a class to work on other materials or walk into another class to catch up on another subject. And every two weeks they make plans for their own learning time, with support from their adviser.
At a time when a shrinking student population is causing boards to close schools. Westmount sits at 30 percent overcapacity with 1,500 students. Its bursting number led education officials to consider expanding the program to other locations.
“If students are interested, we are going to do our best to provide that sort of programming,” said Todd White, chair of the Hamilton-Wentworth District School Board.
When students like Jewel are not in a classroom, they can usually be found in the school’s learning commons, a study area for all students. There are teachers available to help, but generally students are working on their own assignments or projects.
Jewel said Westmount’s self-paced style caught her attention when she was looking at high schools. Westmount is not the school close to her home. She said at elementary school she would often cause trouble in class because she would complete her work early and not have much else to do. “I find this kind of academic environment in Westmount is a lot better for me,” she said. “I like the thought of being able to work faster or slower if needed.”
1. What does the word “prevailing” underlined in paragraph I mean?| A．Catching on. | B．Giving way. | C．Slowing down. | D．Causing trouble. |
| A．Complex but familiar. | B．Flexible and efficient. |
| C．Traditional and common. | D．Difficult but interesting. |
| A．Tolerant. | B．Doubtful. | C．Positive. | D．Unconcerned. |
| A．It was a school closest to her home. |
| B．It provided too much homework for students. |
| C．Its learning atmosphere was not very satisfying. |
| D．Its students did not work as fast as Westmount. |
5 . These days, there’s a green version of just about everything. There are cars that run on electricity and alternative fuels, houses that are powered by solar energy and wind farms seemingly popping up on every open space from California to coastal Japan. Even drones (无人机) ate getting in on the action. The unmanned air vehicles are also being put to environmental uses around the globe.
The eye in the sky that they provide helps researchers better understand what’s going on with the natural world in which we live. For environmentalists and earth scientists, the flying machines can be sent way up in the air to record sweeping footage of a large area to track the impact of things like climate change, migration and the acts of cutting down and burning forest trees, which can be done without having to buy a helicopter, rent a plane or tape a video camera to a bird.
Sure, there’s plenty of satellite footage already out there, but drones let researchers accurately position the data set that they want to get a quicker, closer look at the area that they’re looking to monitor. In 2013, for example, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) sent a drone into the Turrialba Volcano in Costa Rica to gather data about its emissions. The temperature, ash height and gas concentration information collected during the mission helped earth scientists determine which way the volcanic and potentially poisonous gas erupting from the volcano was moving and take steps to limit its environmental impact.
Similarly, Arctic researchers are using drones to help study temperature change and the melting of glaciers. They use drones equipped with infrared (红外线的) cameras to sweep into places that they may otherwise not be able to reach to monitor and collect data on the melting ice. The same flying machines may also eventually be used to transport other data collection tools into the wild.
1. How does the author lead in the topic of the text?| A．By giving examples. | B．By listing data. |
| C．By drawing a distinction. | D．By making assumptions. |
| A．The high safety. |
| B．The huge space. |
| C．The recovery capability after damage. |
| D．The ability to collect data at a high altitude. |
| A．Their production steps. |
| B．Their practical functions. |
| C．Their potential impacts on the atmosphere. |
| D．Their data set for motoring the environment. |
| A．Drones: Poisonous | B．Drones: Eco-friendly |
| C．Drones: Limited | D．Drones: Adaptable |
6 . Douglas Smith, n gardener from Hertfordshire. the U.K., recently set a new Guinness World Record for the most tomatoes grown on a single stem (茎), 1,269.
Up until last summer, the record for the most tomatoes grown on a single stem had stood unchallenged for over a decade. Then English farmer Douglas Smith set his sight on breaking it, thinking that he could grow more than 488 fruits on s single stem. He proved that last year, when he managed to break the old record by growing 839 tomatoes on a greenhouse -grown plant. It was quite an achievement, but he was only getting started, as only a few weeks later Douglas Smith broke his own record by growing no less than 1,269 tomatoes on a single stem.
Is Douglas Smith a gardening addict? He spends up to four hours a day in his back garden tending his plants, and has been working hard on becoming the best possible gardener the world has ever seen. To maximize his chances of setting a new world record, he read various scientific papers and even took soil samples to be tested in a laboratory. And in the end, they all paid off.
“I am over the moon,” Douglas said. “This year was only meant to be an experimental year to see which varieties would produce the most fruits and we had to fight with early blight (疫病), which put paid to a number of other tomato plants. I’m amazed by how many tomatoes were on the plant in the end.”
Growing 1,269 tomatoes on a single stem is only Douglas Smith’s latest achievement. In 2020, he grew a 20-foot-tall sunflower, and also set a new national record for the heaviest tomato, with a 3.106 kg tomato. He likes to run little experiments on other vegetables and crops, and he is currently experimenting on peas, aubergines and potatoes.
1. What can we know about Douglas Smith from paragraph 2?| A．He broke the old record twice. |
| B．He had planted the best tomatoes. |
| C．He thought breaking the record was easy. |
| D．He had worked to break the record for a decade. |
| A．Strict and tolerant. | B．Attractive and brave |
| C．Patient and hard-working. | D．Friendly and humorous. |
| A．A lack of money. | B．Skill shortages. |
| C．Building a laboratory. | D．Dealing with the blight. |
| A．The record’s significance. |
| B．Douglas Smith’s next plan. |
| C．The details about the heaviest tomato. |
| D．More information about Douglas Smith’s planting. |
7 . The Best Hiking Near New York City
If you want to go hiking near New York City, you’re in luck. These trails can met your needs.
Ice Caves and Verkeerderkill Falls Trail Hike
Along the seven-mile tail, you get to get through the passages of the Ice Caves and walk past Verkeerderkill Falls. The trail is the highest waterfall trail in the Shawangunks. Take the Short Line bus from New York to nearby Ellenville and then take a 14-minute taxi ride to Sam’s Point Preserve.
Yellow Trail at Mount Beacon
Consider this 2.5-mile trail if you don’t have enough time. You can go on a quick but difficult hike there that sends you straight up to the Mount Beacon. You can take in beautiful views similar to its more popular neighbors there. You can even watch the sunset. To get there, take Metro-North to Beacon and take a 5-minute walk to the beginning of the trail.
Stairway to Heaven Trail
The trail lies about 50 miles outside the city, but it allows you to get everything you ever wanted in a hike. You’ll get good exercise if you choose the 7.3-mile “Stairway to Heaven”. Take NJ Transit bus route 196 or 197 to Warwick, New York, and it’s just a 10-minute taxi ride to the beginning of the trail.
Camp Smith Trail
This three and-a-half-mile hike is great for a day trip by yourself. With fairly easy landform (地形), even your four-legged friend can join you on the trail. Take the Metro-North Hudson Line to Peekskill Station for free buses or trains to the Bear Mountain Inn. And you can hike up to see unbelievable Hudson Valley view.
1. What can you do if you choose Yellow Trail at Mount Beacon?| A．Watch the waterfall. |
| B．Enjoy the beauty of nature. |
| C．Experience mountain biking. |
| D．Have team sports in the wild. |
| A．Ice Caves and Verkeerderkill Falls Trail Hike. |
| B．Yellow Trail at Mount Beacon. |
| C．Stairway to Heaven Trail. |
| D．Camp Smith Trail. |
| A．They can be easy to get to. |
| B．They are near the city center. |
| C．They are suitable for small kids. |
| D．They attract many hikers every year. |
8 . There are many options for recycling an old cellphone. Let’s take a closer look at how to properly deal with it.
If you have an old cellphone to recycle, you could start by checking with your cellular carrier (运营商).
Another option is Call2Recycle, a national consumer battery recycling program.
Actually, unless a cellphone no longer works, the best way to get rid of it often is to find someone else who wants or needs it. If your phone works but doesn’t have much trade-in value, you could check with friends and family to see if anyone might be interested in yours.
Aside from trading, donating, recycling, or gifting your old phone, you could also just keep it and repurpose it yourself.
| A．Unusable cellphones can also be donated. |
| B．Some have buy-back or trade-in programs. |
| C．And all you need to do is find a place and put it away. |
| D．If the phone still works, you could sell it on the Internet. |
| E．You can also find someone who needs it at local senior centers. |
| F．A smartphone without service can still be useful in several ways. |
| G．It accepts all types of cellphones and batteries whatever models. |
As a college student majoring in engineering, Tom was in bad need of an advanced computer, which would cost him an arm and a leg. Tom chose not to upset his parents with this issue because he didn’t want to be dependent on them all the time. After careful consideration, Tom decided that a second-hand computer of high quality would also do and he could afford one with the money he had earned by taking part-time jobs.
One Saturday morning, Tom went into a second-hand computer shop. Luckily for him, he came across a computer of the exact model he wanted. Better still, it was nearly brand new and was sold at just a third of its original price. It meant that if Tom bought it, he would still have 300 dollars left. It seemed too good to be true! Out of curiosity, Tom asked the shop owner why the computer was sold at such a low price. “Oh, it’s a sad story,” replied the owner, adding that it was from a college student called Steven who was diagnosed with some type of cancer last month and now was badly in need of money for his treatment.
Hearing this, Tom felt truly sorry for the young man who was supposed to have a promising future. But at the same time, he also felt lucky to have this ideal computer for his college life. Without hesitation, he paid the shop keeper, took the computer and went back to his dorm (宿舍). He couldn’t wait to show his computer to his roommates. Everyone in the dorm thought Tom was lucky to have got the computer.
But deep in his heart, he knew something was not going right.
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With the phone number given by the shop owner, Tom contacted Steven and paid him a visit.
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“Everybody in the world should receive a standing ovation（鼓掌）at least once in their life.” Marv said to Scruff and Max. “People like you can’t get a standing ovation.” Scruff and Max rebuted（反驳）him. Marv ignored them and walked away, thinking, “I will show them that I can receive a standing ovation!”
Every year on the final school day, one child is awarded The Edward Yellow Award. This award is awarded to the school topper. Marv desperately wanted this award.
Marv didn’t have normal legs like others. He walked in a very unusual way. Everyone did not go close to Marv. He was home-schooled till 4th grade as his parents were a little nervous to send him to a regular school. So he started formal education from 5th grade. He really liked the teachers in his school. One of his favorite teachers was Mrs. Harsia, who teaches maths and he really liked this subject. Mrs. Harsia used to call him the “Math Wiz”. Though he was disabled, he had a sharp mind to do difficult mathematics calculations.
5th grade’s math’s final assessment was coming up and he was teamed up with Scruff, who had developed a liking for Marv due to Marv’s brilliant maths.
“Ha, you are with the fat guy!” Max teased（取笑）Scruff.
“Stop teasing him,” Scruff said, “How would you feel if somebody called you this name?”
Max silently walked away.
Scruff asked Marv to start to do their project. Marv thought many great ideas. “Ah, this looks so awesome Marv!” Scruff said, “You ‘really are a Math Wiz!” They soon became good friends.
One day, Marv heard someone scream on the campus. He ran towards the voice. A girl was crying, her knee bleeding. In no time, Marv took out his handkerchief and covered the girl’s knee to stop bleeding.
“What is your name?” Marv asked.
“Kate. I know you are Marv. My brother often mentions you.” the girl responded.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Just then Max came running.
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Dr. Frederick, the headmaster, gave a speech at the awarding ceremony.
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