1 . The earliest discovered cave paintings date back to the Upper Paleolithic (旧石器) period. We might expect that they would be simply made, but the cave paintings of Spain and southern France show a high degree of skill. So do the cave paintings in southern Africa. Some of those appear to have been painted as much as 28,000 years ago, which suggests that painting in Africa is as old as painting in Europe. The early Australians may have painted on the walls of rock shelters at least 30,000 years ago.
The researchers identified three principal locations of paintings in the caves of western Europe: in obviously inhabited rock shelters and cave entrances; in galleries near the inhabited areas of caves; and in the inner reaches of caves, whose difficulty of access has been interpreted as a sign that magical-religious activities were performed there.
The subjects of the paintings are mostly animals. The paintings rest on bare walls, with no decoration. Perhaps, like many contemporary peoples, Upper Paleolithic men believed that the drawing of a human image could cause death or injury, and if that were their belief, it might explain why human figures are rarely found in cave art. Another explanation for the focus on animals might be that these people sought to improve their luck at hunting.
The particular symbolic significance of the cave paintings in southwestern France is more clearly revealed by the results of a study. The data suggest that the animals in the cave paintings were mostly the ones that the painters preferred for meat. For example, wild cattle and horses are found more often than we would expect by chance, probably because they were larger and heavier (meatier) than other animals in the environment. In addition, the paintings mostly draw animals that the painters may have feared the most because of their size, speed, natural weapons such as horns. That is, mammoths (猛犸) are drawn more often than deer.
1. What do we know about cave painting in Europe?A.It is as much as 28,000 years old. |
B.It is much more than 30,000 years old. |
C.It is much older than painting in Australia. |
D.It is older than painting in southern Africa. |
A.The paintings were in cave entrances. |
B.The paintings were in hard-to-reach places. |
C.The paintings were obviously more attractive. |
D.The paintings were similar to those in galleries. |
A.Human figures could improve their hunting luck. |
B.Human figures were too difficult to draw at that time. |
C.The drawings of human figures were believed to cause death. |
D.The drawings of human figures differ from those of contemporary people. |
A.Hunters did not fear deer as much as mammoths. |
B.Hunters didn’t hunt deer because of their size and speed. |
C.Hunters avoided deer because of their natural weapons. |
D.Hunters preferred deer’s meat to those of other animals. |
When my parents first told me I was going to a youth camp, I was not happy. And, to be honest, I was a little scared. My parents said they knew what was best for me. Most of my summer vacations were spent with family at home. I’d miss swimming at swimming pool, riding bikes to park nearby and picnicking there. Why would I want my perfect summer in the suburbs to be interrupted by some stupid youth camp where I wouldn’t’ know anyone? Would they be funny? What camp activities would there be?
I pouted(撅嘴) angrily in the backseat while my dad drove me to the youth camp for the first day. We went past the familiar city amusement parks and finally reached the destination— Lake Erie. I was also upset because the camp organization sent a list of things we should pack and a sari(纱丽) was one of them. As a tomboy(假小子) who lived in jean shorts and T-shirts, a girly fit wasn’t on my list of favorite things, not to mention the performance on the last day.
Wearing my best frown, I walked past screaming reunited campers and dragged my way to the girls’ cabin. Its tragic emptiness was a perfect match for my pathetic state of mind. I wanted to run after my parents and beg them to take me home, but instead I pulled my bag on an unoccupied bunk bed(上下铺) and unwillingly unpacked. Suddenly, the cabin door sprang open and Mishti bounced in. She threw a lot of questions at me. Where was I from? What school did I go to? Was I good at softball?
Mishti was an experienced camper there. She introduced me to all her friends. We all came from Indian backgrounds and grew up in the same region. We all used the same brand of mosquito repellent(驱蚊剂) recommended strongly by our Indian immigrant parents.
注意:
1.续写的词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
My initial worry disappeared and I had great fun there.
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I even helped styling the girls’ hair on performance day.
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城市居民出行方式调查结果(人数百分比)
1.出行方式选择状况描述;
2.简单评论。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.短文的题目和首句已为你写好,请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Means of Transportation Choice
Nowadays, there are various means of transportation for people to choose for their daily needs.
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4 . A man went to buy fruits and asked the shopkeeper about the
After the woman left with a smile, the shopkeeper looked toward the customer and said, “I didn’t mean to
After he learned the story, tears
A.quality | B.variety | C.price | D.taste |
A.raised | B.addressed | C.examined | D.explained |
A.strength | B.request | C.contact | D.thought |
A.excitement | B.joy | C.anxiety | D.shock |
A.nervously | B.peacefully | C.cheerfully | D.hurriedly |
A.cheat | B.harm | C.frighten | D.ignore |
A.check | B.comparison | C.stop | D.preparation |
A.content | B.grateful | C.excited | D.ready |
A.neighborhood | B.community | C.block | D.department |
A.reasonable | B.high | C.half | D.minimum |
A.concentrating | B.depending | C.focusing | D.pressing |
A.disappear | B.decline | C.increase | D.start |
A.dried up | B.welled up | C.slowed down | D.settled down |
A.bargaining | B.arguing | C.comparing | D.balancing |
A.explore | B.serve | C.help | D.connect |
5 . It was a cold, rainy day, and I had no desire to drive up the winding mountain road to my daughter Carolyn’s house. But she
So here I was,
Turning down a narrow track, we
Then we turned a corner and stopped at the top of the mountain and I was entirely held in
As we drove home, I was so moved by what we had seen that I could
The wonder of it would not let me go. “Imagine,” I said, “if I’d had a dream and
A.asked | B.commanded | C.insisted | D.predicted |
A.unwillingly | B.undoubtedly | C.unknowingly | D.unexpectedly |
A.walked | B.inched | C.wandered | D.fled |
A.pulled over | B.stepped down | C.looked up | D.turned off |
A.greeted | B.flowed | C.reached | D.towered |
A.admit | B.fill | C.control | D.read |
A.amazement | B.curiosity | C.amusement | D.confusion |
A.pushed | B.moved | C.swung | D.bathed |
A.Doubts | B.Ideas | C.Questions | D.Requests |
A.signal | B.symbol | C.symptom | D.sign |
A.Each | B.Some | C.One | D.That |
A.surely | B.barely | C.mostly | D.instantly |
A.beginning | B.intention | C.ending | D.absence |
A.set off | B.worked out | C.set down | D.worked at |
A.Later | B.Better | C.Happier | D.Harder |
6 . Buildings with windows filled with water could save energy greatly, according to researchers backing the new technology.
Traditional glass windows increase the heat and temperature in the room in summers, and let the heat inside escape in winters, resulting in more electricity consumed for air-conditioners and more carbon emissions (排放). Now, researchers at Loughborough University (UK) have created a water-filled window that can overcome these problems.
The “water-filled glass” (WFG) system, designed by Dr. Matyas Gutai, involves a sheet of water being trapped between a panel (嵌板) of glass, and the water is practically invisible. The windows are connected to an indoor storage tank (箱) using pipes hidden in the walls, allowing water to flow easily between the windows and the tank.
This system allows the house to cool and reheat themselves automatically. When sunlight streams through the glass, the windows keep the buildings cool as the water takes in external and internal heat. This warm water then flows back to the tank. And when the outdoor temperature drops, the stored warm water is brought back to the walls to reheat the building using a monitoring system similar to central heating. The heated water can also be used for domestic (家用的) purposes. Although some electricity is required to pump the water back and forth, it uses much less energy than traditional air-conditioners or heaters.
Dr. Gutai claimed that WFG can save energy from 47% to 72% compared to when using traditional windows. Once launched into the market, the windows will surely make a real splash, appealing to a large crowd of environmentalists and contributing to reducing our carbon footprint. Currently, the inventor team is testing the windows in two areas with different weather conditions. The research reveals that WFG systems perform well in any inhabited climate—keeping buildings in hot climates cool and buildings in cool settings warm—without requiring an additional energy supply.
1. What’s the weakness of traditional glass windows?A.They are easy to break into. | B.They release carbon dioxide. |
C.They fail to trap the heat. | D.They lead to more energy consumption. |
A.The structure of the WFG system. |
B.The working process of the WFG system. |
C.The advantages of water-filled windows. |
D.The appearance of water-filled windows. |
A.It is operated by man. |
B.It needs no electricity at all. |
C.It recycles the water in many ways. |
D.It reheats the house via central heating. |
A.Make a big fortune. | B.Draw lots of attention. |
C.Form a huge waterfall. | D.Take immediate effect. |
7 . This holiday weekend will be about more than Thanksgiving treats and extra days off from school for eighth-grader Shreya Nair. Shreya will also spend some of her time conducting an interview that will end up in the Library of Congress.
Shreya, 13, is participating in a StoryCorps initiative called The Great Thanksgiving Listen. The project encourages students to interview family members and friends about their lives in an effort to keep the stories and voices of an older generation (一代人).
“It would be interesting to see her view on life and how it’s different from mine based on the circumstances she grew up in,” Shreya said about her interview.
StoryCorps’ aim is to use audio to preserve the stories of people of all ages and backgrounds. Students will be able to record their interviews using a new app and upload them to the StoryCorps Archive at the Library of Congress.
Shreya’s English teacher decided to get involved in spreading the word about the project, by assigning the interview as homework. Alison Matthews teaches Shreya at McCall Middle School in Winchester, Massachusetts. She incorporated (纳入) the StoryCorps interview assignment into a unit on the book, The Giver. Matthews describes the novel as a “story about this community where there’s one man — the giver — who holds all the memories of the community.”
“The StoryCorps project fit in so perfectly. The Library of Congress is the keeper of our memories. So I asked kids to think about the importance of memory in our society,” Matthews said.
Shreya said that her classmates like the assignment. “It’s an interview that will help us not only understand the book we’re reading right now, but help us later in life,” Shreya said. “One of the things I like about the project is that you get to hear so many other people’s voices,” she added. “Sometimes in this world it feels like our opinion is the only one, but when you sit down and listen, it’s amazing what it can bring.”
1. Who might Shreya meet this holiday weekend?A.Her grandmother. | B.One of her cousins. |
C.Her English teacher. | D.One of her classmates. |
A.To start a new tradition. |
B.To narrow the distance between people. |
C.To record stories of the old through oral communication. |
D.To teach students to communicate more effectively. |
A.It fits in a lesson perfectly. |
B.It is a new teaching method. |
C.Her students want to learn about interviewing. |
D.Her students want to visit the Library of Congress. |
8 . For many, finding an unattended wallet filled with £400 in cash would be a source of temptation (诱惑). But the
After spotting a
After hours in the cold and wet, he
He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after
The pair were later able to thank Mr. Smith for his
Mr. Anderson said: “I couldn’t believe that the guy never took a penny. To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight when he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in. This guy has nothing and rather he didn’t take the wallet for himself;he thought about others instead. It’s unbelievable. It just proves there are
Mr. Smith’s act
Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to
For Mr. Smith, this is a possible life-changing
A.hope | B.aim | C.urge | D.effort |
A.wallet | B.bag | C.box | D.parcel |
A.partner | B.colleague | C.owner | D.policeman |
A.turned | B.hid | C.stepped | D.reached |
A.discover | B.collect | C.check | D.believe |
A.taking | B.leaving | C.reading | D.writing |
A.satisfied | B.excited | C.amused | D.shocked |
A.safe | B.missing | C.found | D.seen |
A.service | B.support | C.kindness | D.encouragement |
A.honest | B.polite | C.rich | D.generous |
A.gave | B.paid | C.cast | D.drew |
A.learned | B.posted | C.cared | D.heard |
A.borrow | B.raise | C.save | D.earn |
A.details | B.changes | C.offers | D.applications |
A.lesson | B.adventure | C.chance | D.challenge |
9 . We are the products of evolution (进化), and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes, they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle-raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation (突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.
On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation, not to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they’ve also built houses on stilts (支柱) in coastal waters. “They are simply a stranger to the land,” said Rodney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau.
Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. “We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders,” Dr.Jubilado said. “I could see them actually walking under the sea.”
In 2015, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them. “It seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population,” said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.
1. What does the author want to tell us by the examples in Paragraph 1?A.Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers. |
B.New knowledge of human evolution. |
C.Recent findings of human origin. |
D.Significance of food selection. |
A.In valleys. | B.Near rivers. | C.On the beach. | D.Off the coast. |
A.Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea | B.Highlanders’ Survival Skills |
C.Basic Methods of Genetic Research | D.The World’s Best Divers |
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