2 . Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm were two young men from Germany who loved a good story. As university students, they became interested in folktales-traditional stories that people memorized and told again and again. They began to collect traditional folktales from storytellers a over Germany in order to record old German poems and to preserve history. Many were similar to stories told in France, Italy, Japan, and other countries. Between 1812 and 1814, the brothers published two books in German. The collections became known in English as Grimm’s Fairy Tales. It includes some 200 stories, most of which were adopted from oral sources. The best-known tales include “Snow White,” “Little Red Riding Hood,” and “Sleeping Beauty”.

The Grimm brothers’ tales reflected traditional life and beliefs. For example, forests are common in Germany, and this image often appears in the Grimms’ stories. In the past, many people believed forests were dangerous places. In the Grimms’ stories, a forest is the home of evil witches (女巫), talking animals, and other magical beings.

Although most people today think of these stories as fairy tales for children, the brothers first wrote them mainly for adults. Many of their early tales were dark and a little scary. Later, the brothers changed the text of some of the original stories. They “softened” many of the tales and added drawings. Ims made them more appropriate for children. Like the early tales, though, each story still has a moral (道德准则): work hard, be good, and listen to your parents.

The Grimms believed that the most natural and pure forms of culture were based in language and history. Their work influenced other collectors, both inspiring them to collect tales and leading them to similarly believe that the fairy tales of a country were particularly typical of it.

5 . Concerned by the recent economic hardship, BG Cares, on Saturday, gave out food to poor Nigerians, urging well-meaning Nigerians to be their neighbors’ keepers.

BG Cares, which led a group of _________ in Nigeria on a ride for charity (慈善), said it was working to show _________ towards members of society. Speaking at the event _________ “Jollof to the street”, President of the Bikers, Kayode said, “It is why we ride. Selflessness has been the driving force behind BG Cares’s commitment (投入) to _________ others.”

A statement by BG Cares _________ said that it was driven by the determination to change the _________ stories about the biking community, which could help to clear up the misunderstanding between bikers and non-bikers. The statement _________, “At the heart of their programme are their charity outreaches, which have become a part of their task to create a positive effect in the lives of those _________.”

The yearly “Jollof to the street” charity ride has become a _________ for the group, showing their values of kindness. Through the BG Cares, the group works with other charitable organizations, making a(n) __________ effort in bringing positive change. BG Cares hopes that their charity ride will serve as a powerful __________ for others to join hands and make a __________ in Nigeria.

BG Cares expresses heartfelt appreciation to all their __________, partners and volunteers, whose giving made the “Jollof to the street” charity a __________. Their continued support __________ BG Cares to continue improving the lives of poor communities across Nigeria.

I recommend that you talk to your friend about his behavior. It is not unusual for teenagers of your generation to     1     computer games and the online world. But spending too much time online is unhealthy and makes it very difficult to focus on other things in life. Some students even     2     the Internet and cannot     3     school and family life.

9 . Lucky Candy grocery store (杂货店) held a challenge game for its customers in the neighborhood. The _______ is simple: answer a math question — say, what’s 8×8+50? — and you’ll get five seconds to take as much as you can from the store, all for _______ .

For Ahmed Alwan, 23, joy is as important as breakfast, but his regular customers sometimes _______ for both. So he came up with a clever way to _______ his customers’ days. “I’ve grown up in the neighborhood,” he says. “I know most of them don’t have much money, and sometimes they need _______.”

Lucky Candy is located on a busy street in the Bronx, known as a food _______ , where people are badly in need of affordable, healthy food. Many residents depend on neighborhood shops for their daily _______ .

When kids get an answer right, one of two things _______ happens. Some kids rushed for the candy and who could blame them? Others take things like rice and potatoes, clearly thinking of their _______ at home.

“The store is doing something ________ to many,” a customer told Inside Edition. “Many people here don’t even have anything. A chance to get free stuff like this means a lot.”

Alwan ________ this challenge game with his own monthly pay. And his boss, also his father Aobad, doesn’t ________ offering help, too. As an immigrant (移民), Aobad knows that in one of the ________ and most competitive places in the U.S., a little help goes a(n) ________ way.

“This greatly changed our community,” says Alwan. “They’re showing so much love and care — they’re ________ at the store for a chance to play. No pushing or shouting.”

10 . If you had boarded a passenger plane in 1950, you would have seen five people in the cockpit (驾驶舱): two pilots, a radio operator, a navigator and a flight engineer. Over the years, technical advances have gradually removed the need for the last three, leaving just two pilots. That has been the norm (标准) in commercial aviation for decades.

However, things could be simplified further — one of the two remaining pilots could soon go. Many military aircraft are already manned by a single pilot, and for commercial aviation this would mean stepping into a brave new world.

But how will airlines make this brave innovation come true? One way is to greatly increase automation in the cockpit, devoting more tasks to computers. Another is to shift the same tasks from the cockpit to the ground. “The latter approach seems to be more workable, at least in the short term, because much of what is required already exists,” says Patrick Smith, an airline pilot flying Boeing 767 aircraft. “A trained ground operator could observe a number of flights at once and even fully control the plane remotely if needed.”

It’s true that single-pilot operations could help airlines save money, but there is another reason which makes them quicken their pace for this crucial breakthrough. Boeing predicts a need for 600,000 new pilots in the next two decades, but by some estimates, there will be a deficit (赤字) of at least 34,000 pilots globally by 2025. Reducing the number of pilots on some crews or aircraft could lessen the impact of this.

Perhaps the biggest barrier to a single pilot will be selling the idea to passengers. In 2019, Don Hairis, a professor at Coventry University, conducted a survey on the prospect of flying on an airliner with just one pilot. Just a minority of participants said they’d be willing to take that flight, and the general idea was that removing a pilot increased the possibility of accidents. In the study, Harris concluded that the single-crew airliner would be still probably 20 years away.