1 . Thirty-five years ago, with just one acre of land, a couple of seeds and a bucket of hope, one Nigerian-born scientist began his mission to defeat famine (饥荒) on his continent.

News of the drought across Africa in the early 1980s troubled Nzamujo. Equipped with a microbiology PhD and his faith, he travelled back to Africa. There, he found a continent ecologically rich, diverse and capable of producing food. He believes drought wasn’t the only reason for widespread hunger, and that sustainability had been left out.

Nzamujo began designing a “zero waste” agriculture system that would not only increase food security, but also help the environment and create jobs. In 1985, he started his sustainable farm “Songhai” in the West African country of Benin.

Nzamajo lives on the farm and constantly updates his techniques. He credits his degrees in science and engineering for Songhai’s success. But he also thanks his spiritual and cultural roots, and his father — a driving force in his life who encouraged him to pursue his studies to the highest degree and to use Songhai to share his knowledge.

Songhai has several “eco-literacy” development programs. They range from 18-month training courses for farmer-enterprisers, to shorter stays to learn techniques like weeding. People come from all over the world to study Nzamujo’s methods.

After seeing success on his first zero waste farm, he expanded throughout Benin and western Africa. Today, the Songhai model is applied across the continent, including Nigena. Uganda, Sierra Leone and Liberia, Nzamujo says they've trained more than 7.000 farmer-enterprisers and more than 30, 000 people in total since it began.

Nzamujo believes zero waste agriculture is now steadily tackling the issues he set out to defeat, hunger, unemployment and environmental declines. And he wants to see it go further.

1. Which factor related to famine was unnoticed in Nzamujo’s eyes?

A．Poor soil.	B．Water shortage.
C．Lack of resources.	D．Unsustainability.

2. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3?

A．Introduce a solution.	B．Give examples to the readers.
C．Add some background information.	D．Summarize the previous paragraphs.

3. How does Songhai help to ease the problem of famine?

A．By offering land.	B．By trading seeds.
C．By educating farmers.	D．By selling technology.

4. Which of the following best describes Nzamujo?

A．Critical and careful.	B．Learned and responsible.
C．Optimistic and generous.	D．Considerate and ambitious.

2 . 你接受了一项写作任务，要为英语校报写一篇人物介绍。请根据以下信息，介绍一位人物。

姓名： 屠呦呦 出生日期：1930年12月30日 出生地:中国浙江宁波 兴趣爱好：喜欢阅读、科学研究 性格特征：有耐心、坚持不懈 教育经历：1955年毕业于北京大学医学院 主要评价：20世纪最伟大的人物之一 成就： 2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了屠呦呦(共同获奖者)，她的研究促使了青蒿素的发现。这是一种至关重要的治疗疟疾的新疗法。

作文要求：根据表内所提供的信息写作;要求语句通顺连贯；逻辑思路清晰，作文字数要求100词内。不得抄袭、不得挪用该卷其他不符合部分内容的句子。

3 . Gerty Cori, the first American woman to win the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, was born Gerty Theresa Radnitz in Prague in 1896. Gerty decided at the age of sixteen to study medicine. She entered the Realgymnasium at Tetschen, from which she graduated in 1914, and then went to the Medical School of the German University of Prague. While in medical school, Gerty met Carl Cori, a classmate who shared both her love of skiing and mountain climbing and her interest in laboratory research. In 1920, the two published the results of their first joint research, received their medical degrees, and married each other.

Gerty’s first research position was as an assistant in the Karolinen Children’s Hospital in Vienna. In 1922, Carl Cori moved to the United States to join the staff of the New York State Institute for the Study of Malignant Diseases in Buffalo, New York. Gerty Cori moved a few months later, starting as an assistant pathologist ( 病理学家) at the Institute and later rising to an assistant biochemist. In 1928, the Coris became US citizens.

In 1931, Carl Cori accepted the position of chairman of the Department of Pharmacology of the Washington University School of Medicine (WUSM), while Gerty Cori was hired as a research fellow. In the early 1940s the Coris moved to the Department of Biological Chemistry. Gerty Cori was made an associate ( 副) professor of Research Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology in 1943. She was elevated to the rank ( 级别) of professor of Biological Chemistry in July 1947, the same year she and her husband were awarded the Nobel Prize for their work on the metabolism of glycogen (糖代谢).

In 1947, Gerty Cori began showing the signs of myelofibrosis, an unusual blood disease. She fought the disease for ten years, refusing to give up her research until the last few months of her life. Gerty Cori died on October 26, 1957.

1. What can we learn about Gerty’s husband?

A．He shared the same interests with Gerty.

B．He moved to the USA later than Gerty.

C．He married Gerty while in medical school.

D．He studied pathology under the influence of Gerty.

2. Which of the following is the correct order of the events in Gerty’s life?
a. She moved to the USA.   
b. She won the Nobel Prize.
c. She met her husband Carl.   
d. She got a job in the WUSM.
e. She received her medical degree.

A．e, a, c, b, d	B．c, e, a, d, b
C．e, c, a, d, b	D．c, a, e, b, d

3. What does the underlined word “elevated” in paragraph 3 mean?

A．Adapted.

B．Defeated.

C．Promoted.

D．Committed.

4. What can we infer about Gerty from the last paragraph?

A．She was satisfied with her later life.	B．She was in poor health all her life.
C．She died of a common disease.	D．She was very mentally strong.

4 . The 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman for their work on mRNA vaccines (疫苗), a crucial tool in holding back the spread of COVID-19.

Karikó,68, is from Hungary. In the 1970s, she began studying a new area of research: messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA is a special molecule (分子) which carries instructions that tell cells what proteins to make. Proteins are one of the building blocks of life. They’re involved in almost every process in living things, from fighting diseases to building muscles to helping our bodies work. Karikó was excited about the idea that mRNA could be used to help the body fight many different diseases.

In 1985, Karikó moved to America to continue her research. In 1989, she joined the University of Pennsylvania (UPenn) in Philadelphia as a scientist. But as time went on, the initial excitement surrounding mRNA research started to disappear, and other scientists thought it was too financially risky to fund. Karikó had trouble getting money for her research. She even got a pay cut from the school. What’s worse, at this time, she suffered from cancer. But she stuck at it.

Karikó got to know another UPenn scientist, Drew Weissman in the late 1990s while photocopying research papers. He was hoping to find a way to create a vaccine for a disease known as HIV. The two began talking and soon decided to work together.

One of the biggest problems in using mRNA as a medicine was that the human body saw mRNA as an enemy and fought it off. Together, they came up with an approach to treating mRNA．In 2005, they published their key discovery: mRNA could be changed and delivered effectively into the body to activate (激活) the body’s protective immune system. Thanks to their work, companies were able to develop mRNA vaccines far more quickly than ever before, which have saved millions of lives around the world.

1. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about regarding mRNA?

A．Its reflections on health.	B．Its main components.
C．Its threats to proteins.	D．Its research values.

2. What can we learn about Weissman according to the text?

A．He met Karikó by accident.	B．He applied mRNA to HIV.
C．He invited Karikó to UPenn.	D．He helped discover mRNA.

3. What is Karikó and Weissman’s scientific breakthrough?

A．Their idea on how to recognize COVID-19 fast.

B．Their method of testing the mRNA vaccines’ effect.

C．Their way to make the human body accept mRNA.

D．Their experiment of activating the immune system.

4. What can we learn from Karikó’s story?

A．We should pursue excellence in our careers.

B．Creativity results from challenging authority.

C．Scientists’ work follows technological trends.

D．Success comes from a lasting desire to explore.

5 . Three scientists who studied how cells sense and adapt to oxygen levels have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. William G. Kaelin, Jr. of the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard University, Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe of Oxford University and the Francis Crick Institute, and Gregg L. Semenza of Johns Hopkins University were jointly awarded the prize.

“The meaningful discoveries by this year’s Nobel winners showed life’s most adaptive processes,” Randall Johnson, a member of the Nobel Assembly at Sweden’s Karolinska Institute said. “The three physicians found the molecular switch(分子开关)that regulates how our cells adapt when oxygen levels drop.”

“Cells and tissues are constantly experiencing changes in oxygen availability,” Johnson said. “As an embryo(胚胎) grows and develops, and as muscles work, the oxygen available changes as the tissues themselves change. Cells need a way to adjust to the amount of oxygen they have, while still doing their important jobs.”

The committee said that the discoveries are vital for physiology and could exploit new strategies to fight anemia, cancer and many other diseases.

Kaelin was born in New York and received an M. D. from Duke University. He did his specialist training in internal medicine and oncology at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, and at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston.

Ratcliffe was born in Lancashire, the United Kingdom, and studied medicine at Gonville and Caius College at Cambridge University and did his specialist training in nephrology at Oxford. He is the director of clinical research at the Francis Crick Institute in London and a member of the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research.

Semenza was born in New York. He obtained a B. A. in biology from Harvard and his M. D. from the University of Pennsylvania. He did his specialist training in pediatrics at Duke University. He is the director of the Vascular Research Program at the Johns Hopkins Institute for Cell Engineering.

1. What can we know about the three scientists?

A．They studied different fields.

B．They shared one prize.

C．They researched heart disease.

D．They found the function of embryos.

2. What did Johnson think of the discoveries?

A．Important.	B．Meaningless.
C．Interesting.	D．Disappointing.

3. What does the underlined word “exploit” in paragraph 4 mean?

A．Develop.

B．Handle.

C．Stress.

D．Follow.

4. What do the last three paragraphs mainly talk about?

A．The three scientists’ achievements.

B．The influence of the discoveries.

C．The example set by the three scientists.

D．The introduction of the three scientists.

6 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Chinese female scientist Tu Youyou won the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the     1     (discover) of artemisinin, which has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria. It is believed that it saves 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.

Born in Ningbo, China in 1930, Tu Youyou is a     2     (commit) and patient scientist. In 1967, some scientists were chosen to form a team     3     the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, one of     4     was Tu Youyou. To find a new treatment, Tu and her team looked through many ancient Chinese medical texts and evaluated 280,000 plants before     5     (obtain) the pure substance artemisinin. Inspired by a text from the fourth century, Tu's team tested a collection of dried wormwood leaves and used the liquid by boiling fresh wormwood,     6    they didn't work. Tu Youyou realized that the high temperature might have destroyed     7    (it) medical properties. She tried using a lower temperature to draw out the extract. After failing more than 190 times, the team     8    （final) succeeded in finding a substance that worked. After the drug showed promising results, Tu and her team members insisted that the drug should     9    （test) on themselves to make sure that it was safe.

Awarded the Nobel Prize, Tu said, the honor was not just hers but the team's and all the people of her country's. This success is indeed     10     honor for China's scientific research and Chinese medicine.