1 . Experts often tell students to center their efforts on a narrow field to get a job after school.
One of the winners of this year’s Nobel Prize in Chemistry was Danish scientist Morten Meldal, who is 68 years old and works at the University of Copenhagen. When describing his career, Meldal said he started out as an engineer but changed to chemistry because he “wanted to understand the world.”
Nobel winners are nine times more likely to have experience in working with wood, metal or in the arts than most scientists. The researchers also found that the Nobel winners have an open mind about their life experiences. Unlike many people who spend long hours at work and give up their outside interests,
The researchers say that, even among people who do not win big prizes, those with many interests are often successful. They pointed to a 2022 report about students who study two major fields in college.
| A．That study plan is called a “double major”. |
| B．What we believe is of great benefits to them. |
| C．Meldal’s experience may come as a surprise to students. |
| D．They discovered that if they helped each other afterwards, |
| E．Nobel winners believe their hobbies are important to creativity. |
| F．They found that when the students of winners went on to win Nobel Prizes, |
| G．But recent research into Nobel Prize winners suggests that wider interests are important. |
Lots of foreigners don’t understand why so many Chinese people are sorrowful about Yuan Longping’s passing away.
This reminds me
Western scholars’ prediction of China back then was indeed analyzing China’s problems, but they failed
If they had had any knowledge of Yuan who worked devotedly for our country, they wouldn’t have made such pessimistic evaluations. Why did the Chinese people make
3 . New academicians take a group photo after the certificate awarding ceremony at the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Academician Huang made three commitments to himself — to contribute his energy to scientific research; to apply his achievements in the fields; and to provide more opportunities for young people. “
Academician Jian Zhimin advised young students that persistence is the most valuable spirit on the path of scientific research. “
Out of the 59 newly elected academicians this year, five of them are female scientists. Academician Jin Kuijuan mentioned that women have unique perspectives, and respecting the role of women is of crucial significance.
| A．They are more resilient (有适应力的), which contributes to the development of science. |
| B．In recent years, Jin has noticed the increasing support for female scientists in China. |
| C．As academicians, we need to share more opportunities with the younger generation. |
| D．She has both male and female students, who are irreplaceable to each other. |
| E．The 59 newly elected academicians vowed at the ceremony on Friday. |
| F．I hope the honor I received can inspire more females to develop an interest in physics. |
| G．To achieve success in the field of science, the most important thing is to persist with original intention. |
4 . Dr. Tatiana Erukhimova is a physics professor at Texas A&M who aims to show her students, especially the young women, that there are no limits.
Only 25% of physics undergraduate students are female. Perhaps it is because boys grow up playing with machines and making drawings of fast cars and rocket explosions. But girls are just as curious about the way the world works — they just haven’t jumped into the culture of chemical reactions, energy and magnetic force with as much enthusiasm. That is, until they see one of Tatiana’s videos showing the science behind real life’s magic. Tatiana is really one of the few living female examples they could follow.
Her videos get millions of views. She is a ball of energy with a short haircut, a Russian accent and a lively personality that makes physics accessible to the younger audience. Young girls are attracted to Tatiana’s attractive demonstrations the way they flock to pop concerts. This is real. This is science they can participate in. This is an open door to endless possibilities.
“These short clips are the spark that inspires,” Tatiana says with so much excitement that it lights up the room. Everything she does involves students. She believes the magic in learning is when your peers are part of the demonstration, when you are part of the teaching process.
“She wants everything to be a celebration of science,” says one of Tatiana’s former students. And indeed, the classroom is in a party atmosphere, with students cheering when amazed by Newton’s law of motion, demonstrated by a spinning bicycle wheel held upright by the professor. It’s hard to tell who is more delighted, Tatiana or her students. She is an attraction for female students who are graduating college and working in the sciences in higher numbers than ever before.
Dr. Tatiana’s story began in Russia and her parents were both physicists. After the breakup of the Soviet Union, Tatiana moved to Texas with her husband, also a physicist. They both teach at Texas A&M, and when Tatiana isn’t in the classroom, she is doing outreach with schoolchildren, amazing them with spinning lights that soon form words, liquid oxygen that shrinks objects and chemical reactions that expand matter to 10 times its size. But most importantly, she is expanding the audience of female physicists.
1. According to the passage, why do girls sometimes hesitate to jump into the culture of physics?| A．Lack of interest in chemical reactions. |
| B．Cultural differences in curiosity. |
| C．Absence of female role models. |
| D．Fear of liquid oxygen demonstrations. |
| A．They were made by a female physician. |
| B．They feature engaging demonstrations. |
| C．They are meant for Tatiana’s homeland. |
| D．They have received millions of likes online. |
| A．Appealing to students with fascinating demonstrations. |
| B．Teaching students some difficult physics concepts. |
| C．Explaining the history of Newton’s law of motion. |
| D．Encouraging girls to attend parties and pop concerts. |
| A．Female Professor Rejecting Gender Barrier |
| B．Russian Physicist and Female Scientists |
| C．Physics Professor Stimulating Girls’ Passion |
| D．The Significance of Online Short Videos |
5 . The daughter of a romantic poet and occasional freedom fighter, Ada Lovelace had a famous but absent father. She never knew Lord Byron, as just weeks after her birth in 1815, he divorced her mother Isabella Milbanke Byron and left to fight in the Greek War of Independence. In an effort to prevent Ada from developing her father’s unpredictable temper, Isabella decided that her daughter should devote her life to study.
Ada studied hard despite the fact that society did not encourage women pursuing interests in science. Her life changed when she met inventor Charles Babbage at a party. As he demonstrated a working section of his mechanical calculator, Ada was taken in by how it worked and wanted to know more. Impressed by the 17-year-old’s obvious passion, Babbage became her tutor. Ada married in 1835 and became a mother, but she continued to take an active interest in study, socialising in intellectual circles with the likes of Charles Dickens and Michael Faraday.
Ada stayed in contact with Babbage, who in 1837 had proposed a new machine, the analytical engine. In 1843, Ada was asked to translate a French text written by engineer Luigi Menabrea about Babbage’s new design. After completing the translation, Ada was encouraged by Babbage to write her own notes on his work.
After nine months of hard work, Ada presented Babbage with a detailed list of notes that was three times longer than the original article. In her calculations, Ada wrote what are considered the first ever computer algorithms to be used in a new type of machine. She essentially provided the first ideas for computer programming in what was a groundbreaking proposal on the potential of computers.
Ada died of cancer aged only 36 and her work was largely recognised until the 1950s when her notes were republished. In 1979 the US Department of Defence named a programming language ‘Ada’ in her honour.
1. What can we learn about Ada from the first paragraph?| A．She had a devoted father. | B．Her mother raised her up alone. |
| C．She had an unpredictable temper. | D．Her parents divorced before her birth. |
| A．Charles Dickens. | B．Michael Faraday. |
| C．Luigi Menabrea. | D．Charles Babbage. |
| A．Modest and outgoing. | B．Talented and diligent. |
| C．Generous and considerate. | D．Determined and independent. |
| A．Ada’s notes were published only once. |
| B．Ada named a programming language after herself. |
| C．Ada earned a reputation nearly a century after her death. |
| D．Ada’s work was largely recognized when she was alive. |
6 . Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany on 14 March, 1879.
Albert had a great year in 1905, publishing (发表) four scientific papers!
In 1919, one of Albert’s theories was proved, making him the most famous scientist alive!
| A．Albert spent lots of time in America. |
| B．Einstein loved to use his imagination. |
| C．His work turned modern physics on its head. |
| D．Even as an adult, Einstein was disorganized. |
| E．As a child, he enjoyed solving math problems. |
| F．And he won the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics. |
| G．One teacher even said he’d never achieve anything! |
7 . Scientists regularly make vital new discoveries, but few can claim to have invented an entirely new field of science. Chemist Carolyn Bertozzi is one of them. Her discovery of biorthogonal chemistry (生物正交化学) in 2003 created a brand-new discipline of scientific investigation, which has enabled countless advances in medical science and led to a far greater understanding of biology at a molecular (分子的) level. On October 5, Bertozzi was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, jointly with two other professors. She is also the only woman to be awarded a Nobel Prize in science this year, after an all-male line-up in 2021.
Bertozzi was the middle daughter of an MIT physics professor and a secretary. Few predicted that Bertozzi would be the most famous person in the family. While her academic performance was not bad in high school, she was fond of playing soccer. She end ed up being admitted to Harvard University. Despite her talent in soccer, she found it too time-consuming and quit the sport to devote herself to academics.
But before becoming a rock star scientist, Bertozzi almost became an actual rock star. When she started at Harvard, she was tempted to major in music. That idea was “unpopular” with her parents, and she was timid about defying them. Instead, she chose the premed (医学预科的) track that included classes in math and sciences, and declared herself a biology major at the end of her first year of college.
Her interest in music did not completely fall by the wayside, however. Bertozzi played keyboards and sang backup vocals for a hair metal band. Bertozzi, however, did not play with the band for long. Once the band’s practices and performances conflicted with her labs and classes, there was only one outcome.
Plus, she’d soon have organic chemistry to think about a course which is infamous for weeding out pre-meds. Without any clear career ambitions up to that point, Bertozzi had been thinking about possibly becoming a doctor when, in her sophomore year (大二学年), she suddenly fell so head over heels in love with her chemistry course that she couldn’t tear herself away from her textbooks long enough to go out on Saturday nights. A torture to many was pure pleasure for her. Bertozzi changed her major from biology to chemistry a year later.
Bertozzi has sometimes joked about her having missed out on her chance to follow Morello to LosAngeles. “I didn’t get on that bus, and my playing is now limited to ‘The Wheel's on the Bus Go Round,’ I’m waiting for my sons to get old enough to appreciate 1980s heavy metal!”
1. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?| A．Bertozzi is one of those scientists who made significant new discoveries. |
| B．Bertozzi was the only female to win a Nobel Prize in science in 2021. |
| C．Bertozzi played keyboards and sang backup vocals throughout her college years. |
| D．Bertozzi initially planned to become a doctor. |
| A．tell | B．disobey | C．approach | D．threaten |
| A．easy and enjoyable |
| B．difficult to pass for pre-med students |
| C．popular among hair metal band players |
| D．a required course for all college students |
| A．Brave and sympathetic. |
| B．Athletic and critical. |
| C．Humble and passionate. |
| D．Talented and creative. |
8 . Alberto Conejo has not lived in China long, but his contributions are strongly felt not only in the area in which he works as an expert, but also in the construction of a more environmentally friendly world as a whole.
One of the biggest problems facing humanity has to do with carbon dioxide emissions. In this sense, Conejo has made important contributions through his research to reduce energy consumption in steel production by using foamy slag (熔渣) as an insulator (绝缘体) in electric arc furnaces(电弧炉). As the steel industry is the one that emits the largest amount of carbon dioxide emissions in the world—around 7 percent “The work I did focused on optimizing the use of electrical energy and minimize energy losses,” he said.
Conejo is not just any man. His dedication and work have earned him important recognition, but these achievements have not been without sacrifices.“During that time we traveled to many parts of China; we went to remote villages, climbed mountains,crossed rivers and lakes, and visited old towns and museums,” he recalled.
Although Mexico “had almost everything,”there was something missing. For this reason, when the School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering at the University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB) offered him a position as a researcher and professor under a six-year contract, the Mexican did not hesitate to take the flight.
These efforts led him to be awarded the Chinese Government Friendship Award on September 30 last year, the highest distinction for foreigners who have made outstanding contributions to the cause of the country’s modernization, reform and opening up. Although he is aware of his achievements, Conejo does not hesitate to say that this is also the result of shared teamwork. “The only thing I can say is that there are no individual achievements, but the results of a collective effort because in everything we do we use previously developed knowledge.”
1. What is the purpose of Conejo’s research?| A．To minimize energy losses in electricity industry. |
| B．To maximize the profit of steel industry in Mexico. |
| C．To promote industrial collaboration between China and Mexico. |
| D．To cut down energy consumption in steel production. |
| A．Pay close attention to. | B．look out for. |
| C．Make the best of. | D．Give rise to. |
| A．Individual dedication has nothing to do with his achievements. |
| B．The team’s joint effort contributes to their accomplishments. |
| C．If only they use previously developed knowledge they must make achievements. |
| D．Individual achievements play a significant role in his career. |
| A．Chinese Government Friendship Award-the highest distinction for foreigners. |
| B．Award-Winning Mexican-low-carbon steel making professor. |
| C．Carbon Dioxide Emissions-one of the biggest problems. |
| D．Collective Effort-key to outstanding contributions. |
9 . When physicist Stephen Hawking died in 2018 at the age of 76, the world mourned (哀悼), after the loss, there remains the enormous legacy of the scientist and the man to consider.
Despite being a renowned expert in cosmology and black holes, there is still much to discover about Hawking. In Stephen Hawking: A memoir of friendship and physics, theoretical physicist Leonard Mlodinow offers a close glimpse inside the famous scientist’s life, ranging from his early days at university and diagnosis at age 21 with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis to his later status as an international celebrity.
After co-authoring two books with Hawking, Mlodinow isn’t short of stories, particularly from time spent working together on their book The Grand Design. Hawking lived a colourful life often filled with hardship, and the possibility of death was never far away. Far from letting this be a setback, it is what Hawking credits for his achievements. “It helped me focus,” he tells Mlodinow after dinner one night.
Even so, Mlodinow admits that initially he couldn’t help but feel sorry for Hawking, living with a condition that required round-the-clock care and eventually left him unable to speak or voluntarily move anything but his eyes, brows and mouth. However, writes Mlodinow, “overtime all that pity would disappear like one of Stephen’s black holes”, adding that “ it occurred to me that Stephen had proved himself to be an iron man in a fragile man’s facade (外表)”. That view becomes one that readers will also tend to adopt as Mlodinow looks back.
Achievement came in many forms for Hawking, who refused to be restricted in thought or deed. As Mlodinow writes: “Often we limit our chances at success by limiting the goals toward which we strive. Stephen never did that. We can get used to anything, and we can accomplish, if not anything, then at least much more than we give ourselves credit for. To grow close to Stephen was to understand this.”
1. What can we learn about Mlodinow?| A．He was one of Hawking’s friends. | B．He worked for Hawking for many years. |
| C．He wrote two books about Hawking’s life. | D．He was the strongest competitor for Hawking. |
| A．Admiring. | B．Sympathetic. | C．Envious. | D．Puzzled. |
| A．He kept pushing his limits. | B．He had extraordinary talent. |
| C．He was good at educating others. | D．He was a man with definite goals. |
| A．To praise a relationship. | B．To introduce a book. |
| C．To honor a breakthrough. | D．To promote a physics theory. |
10 . In the late 1930s, people could donate blood, but very few hospitals could store it for later use. Whole blood breaks down quickly, and there were no methods at the time for safely preserving it. As a result, hospitals often did not have the appropriate blood type when patients needed it. Charles Drew, a Black surgeon and researcher, helped solve this monumental problem for medicine, earning him the title “Father of the Blood Bank.”
In 1938, while obtaining his doctorate in medicine, Drew became a fellow at Columbia University’s Presbyterian Hospital in New York. He studied the storage and distribution of blood, including the separation of its components, and applied his findings to an experimental blood bank at the hospital.
As Drew was finishing his degree at Columbia, World War II was erupting in Europe. Great Britain was asking the United States for desperately needed plasma (血浆) to help victims. Given his expertise, Drew was selected to be the medical director for the Blood for Britain campaign. Using Presbyterian Hospital’s blood bank as a model, Drew established uniform procedures and standards for collecting blood and processing blood plasma from nine New York hospitals. The five-month campaign collected donations from 15,000 Americans and was considered a success. His discoveries and his leadership saved countless lives.
With the increasing likelihood that the nation would be drawn into war, the United States wanted to capitalize on what Drew had learned from the campaign. He was appointed as the assistant director of a three-month pilot program to mass-produce dried plasma in New York, which became the model for the first Red Cross blood bank. His innovations for this program included mobile blood donation stations, later called bloodmobiles.
1. What problem did hospitals face in the late 1930s regarding blood donations?| A．The shortage of blood donors. | B．The inability to preserve blood. |
| C．The challenge of blood infection. | D．The failure to identify blood types. |
| A．He gathered different standards for the blood collection. |
| B．He worked on the bloodmobiles for easy access to donors. |
| C．He helped send life-saving drugs overseas to aid in the war. |
| D．He organized the collection and processing of blood plasma. |
| A．Groundbreaking. | B．Unpredictable. | C．Economical. | D．Controversial. |
| A．The life of Dr. Charles Drew. | B．The inventor of the Blood Bank. |
| C．A Savior of Lives during Wartime. | D．A Pioneer in Blood Transportation. |
