1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman, who have been working for decades     1     (find) ways to use genetic (基因的) material called messenger RNA, or mRNA, to make medicines, have won the 2023 Nobel Prize. They have discovered that changing a chemical building block of mRNA can keep the immune system (免疫系统)     2     destroying the material and have enabled it to attack viruses instead.

They published their work in 2005 and their discovery     3     (fundamental) changed our understanding of how mRNA interacts with our immune system. In     4     (add), the work sped up vaccine development during one of the greatest threats to human health in modern times.

    5     (speak) to reporters at Pennsylvania University on Monday, Weissman said they had to overcome many difficulties. “But Karikó lit the match     6     then we spent more than 20 years figuring out how to get it to work,” Weissman said.

Karikó had to overcome even bigger     7     (challenge). She     8     (force) to resign from Pennsylvania University and went from one low-paying research job to another and even slept in her office at times. But she never gave up.

The first prize in the category was awarded in 1901. Of the 227 people     9     work has been recognized with the prize, Karikó is the     10     (thirteen) woman among them.

2 . As the Chinese saying goes, a seed can change the world; a variety can benefit a nation.

Zhang Daorong, who has spent the last 26 years _________ 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security, has done both. The 50-year-old, who is called the “mother of wheat”, is a _________ at the Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Xiangyang city.

The research into new varieties requires strict standards and _________ experiments. “The first _________ is to find suitable parental types for a specific cultivation purpose. Then we try a hybrid combination,” Zhang explained. “After several generations of _________ and selection, and when characteristics remain stable, we _________ a two-year process of yield testing and disease identification.” And after several more rounds of tests, a(n) _________ for evaluation and approval can be made for market production.

“Generally speaking, a good new _________ should produce high yields, have stable production, and _________ good resistance to bad conditions,” she added. “ __________ , it also should be accepted by the market.”

Zhang added that the team __________ 70,000 to 80,000 seedlings (幼苗) each year. All year round they were busy with __________ experiments on the growth of the new seedlings and making records and analyses.

“Agricultural research work is __________ and complicated. Sometimes your efforts do not __________ . All we can do then is think more, discuss more and find __________ on the land,” she said.

1.

A．advertising

B．cultivating

C．discussing

D．observing

2.

A．journalist

B．teacher

C．researcher

D．manager

3.

A．precise

B．efficient

C．simple

D．expensive

4.

A．way

B．attempt

C．step

D．question

5.

A．encouragement

B．support

C．management

D．trial

6.

A．begin

B．continue

C．follow

D．repeat

7.

A．practice

B．application

C．declaration

D．invitation

8.

A．environment

B．machine

C．farmland

D．variety

9.

A．produce

B．enhance

C．show

D．develop

10.

A．Besides

B．However

C．Therefore

D．Otherwise

11.

A．watered

B．bought

C．protected

D．planted

12.

A．reporting

B．designing

C．conducting

D．studying

13.

A．normal

B．tough

C．varied

D．specific

14.

A．end up

B．run out

C．break up

D．pay off

15.

A．answers

B．comfort

C．dreams

D．courage

3 . Charles Richard Drew’s great invention directly contributed to saving thousands of lives during World WarⅡ, and continues to contribute to the life-saving work of the entire world of medicine later.

Born in 1904, Drew was the eldest of five children. He was intelligent and showed a talent for studies and sports from a young age. In 1922, his athletic ability earned him an athletic scholarship to attend Amherst College in Massachusetts. Drew graduated from Amherst College in 1926. In 1928 he applied to medical schools and was admitted to MeGill University in Montreal, Canada. He completed his medical degree and master’s degree in surgery in 1933.

Upon graduation, as an internship (实习生), he began to look at issues related to blood transfusions.

When he began his doctoral studies at Columbia University, with a physician named John Scudder, Drew continued his research in the field of blood transfusion. The two have jointly conducted research into blood preservation and fluid replacement, leading to the development of an experimental blood bank, which ran smoothly for seven months.

Drew’s breakthroughs in blood preservation were timely, as the World War II was raging in Europe at the time. Under Drew’s direction, his team has developed new ways to extract, preserve and transport plasma (血浆) on a large scale.

Following the success of the “Blood for Britain” program, Drew was appointed the assistant director for the US blood banking system. During this time, he built a number of mobile blood donation stations, later known as blood delivery stations.

On April 1, 1950, tragedy struck. Drew was injured in a serious car accident while on his way to a conference and died from his injuries. Many medical colleges and schools have been named after him to honor his contribution.

1. What is the second paragraph mainly about?

A．Drew’s family.	B．Drew’s intelligence.
C．Drew’s early experience.	D．Drew’s contribution.

2. What kind of person is Charles Richard?

A．Strong-willed and ambitious.	B．Sympathetic and tough.
C．Caring and brave.	D．Talented and committed.

3. Why are many colleges and schools named after Charles Richard Drew?

A．Because he has made great contribution to medical science.

B．Because he alone finished the research in the field of blood transfusion.

C．Because his contribution has changed the process of the World War Ⅱ.

D．Because he died in a tragedy car accident on his way to conference.

4. Which category can this article be?

A．A documentary.	B．A novel.
C．A science fiction.	D．A short biography.

4 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Tu You you,     1     84 year-old scientist, became the first female Chinese     2     (win) a Nobel Prize in science on Oct, 5. She was born     3     30 December, 1930 in Zhejiang Province. In 1969, she     4     (choose) to establish a team to find a cure for malaria, but the lab     5     they worked in had poor air quality.

She first tried the medicine on herself, because she     6     (want) to make sure that it was safe. “As the head of the group, I had the responsibility.” The scientist spoke to CCTV about her work. Artemisinin is a gift for the world people. It has saved many people’s     7     (life). It comes from Chinese traditional medicine and now is a good way to treat malaria. Tu Youyou     8     (expect) Chinese medicine to help more people all over the world.

We can learn a lot from Tu Youyou. We should do something useful for people. If we want to be     9     (success), we should keep on     10     (work) hard with our group and never give up.

5 . The 2023 Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded to Moungi G. Bawendi of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Louis E. Brus of Columbia University, and Alexei I. Ekimov of Nanocrystals Technology Inc. in New York for the discovery and development of quantum dots (量子点).

The three scientists each contributed to a fundamental discovery, according to officials from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, which awards several of the prizes each year. The work they’ve done has already led to new technology in television screens and bio-imaging.

Reached by phone during a press conference early Wednesday morning, Bawendi offered a stream of reactions: “Shocked. Sleepy. Very unexpected. And very honored.”

In a rare event, the winners’ names were leaked to the Swedish media before the official announcement. But Bawendi said he’d been sound asleep, so he didn’t hear anything about it.

Quantum dots are particles (粒子) that are so incredibly small that their size actually starts to affect their properties. For example, blue quantum dots and red quantum dots can be made from the exact same material, with the only difference being the size of the particle itself. (The blue quantum dots are smaller than red ones.)

In fact, changing the size can alter (改变) many different properties beyond just color, which means that quantum dots could be useful for a variety of applications, including building better solar panels and perhaps even creating fuel by using sunlight.

The three scientists will share the prize money of 11 million Swedish kronor (close to$995,000) in equal parts. This is the third science-focused Nobel Prize to be awarded this week. On Tuesday, the physics prize was awarded to Anne L’ Huillier, Pierre Agostini and Ferenc Krausz. And on Monday, Katalin Kariko and Drew Weissman won the prize in physiology or medicine.

Officials plan to announce the literature prize on Thursday, followed by the peace prize on Friday. The economics prize will be awarded on Monday.

1. How did Bawendi feel when receiving the call early Wednesday morning?

A．Angry.

B．Surprised.

C．Bored.

D．Sorry.

2. What causes the difference in color between blue quantum dots and red ones?

A．The size of the particles.	B．The difference in materials.
C．The change in shapes.	D．The variety of applications.

3. What does the underlined word “This” in paragraph 7 refer to?

A．The 2023 Nobel Prize in physics.	B．The 2023 Nobel Prize in medicine.
C．The 2023 Nobel Prize in literature.	D．The 2023 Nobel Prize in chemistry.

4. What is the text?

A．A short story.

B．A diary entry.

C．A news report.

D．A research article.

6 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Sun Zhen chu, an 86-year-old man in 2022, who go this driver’s license in about a year, has surprised and inspired netizens in China not only because of his age.

The motivation behind Sun Zhen chu’s    1    (take) the driving tests is to care for his wife. Sun’s wife didn’t go out much after    2    operation. After the policy that people over 70 can apply     3    a driver’s license was issued, Sun     4    (immediate) became an elderly trainee at a local driver training school in Zhejiang Province and managed     5    (pass) the four exams, receiving perfect scores on two of them. After getting his license in March, Sun bought an electric vehicle to take his wife shopping for groceries, to the hospital or sightseeing along the Qian tang River.

    6    astonished people most was Sun’s career—he was a specialist in nuclear weapons and made great    7    (contribute) to the nation. After graduation in 1964, Sun    8    (select) as one of the researchers to participate in China’s first atomic bomb test. After the successful test, he went to Beijing,    9    he continued to conduct research and testing for nuclear weapons for 32 years. He retired in 1995, but he did not stop learning new things.

In a speech he delivered at Zhejiang Gongs hang University in late June, he encouraged graduates to keep learning to standout in a     10    (compete) and challenging society.

7 . Throughout human history, there is a bottomless well of people who made great contributions so that we can now enjoy a better life. The following are, just four of those great minds.

Joseph Lister(1827—1912)

English surgeon (外科医生). Lister pioneered the use of antiseptic (防腐的)and antiseptic surgery which greatly improved survival rates from major surgery. For this, he is often referred to as the father of modern surgery as his use of antiseptic greatly increased the kinds of operations that could be carried out.

Maximilian Bircher-Benner(1867—1939)

Bircher-Benner was a pioneering Swiss physician and nutritionist. He advocated the eating of raw fruit and vegetables and discouraged eating meat and heavily processed foods. Although he was questioned by the scientific establishment, his healthy eating ideas took off and helped create a diet of processed bread, meat and carbs (碳水化合物). The healthy eating trends he established have continued to grow in popularity with more scientific research showing the health benefits of such a diet.

Paracelsus(1493—1541)

Swiss-German physician and leading health reformer. Paracelsus founded the discipline of toxicology (毒理学)and pioneered the use of chemicals in treating patients. He emphasized practical experience. He was also one of the first doctors to note illness can be psychological in nature.

Peter Mansfield(1933—2017)

English physicist who with Peter Lauterbur helped to develop magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)which gets doctors to see inside a patient’s body without needing to cut it open. With MRI, doctors can see far more than with x-ray, which is limited to bones. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 2003.

1. What is Maximilian Bircher-Benner’s contribution?

A．He discovered x-ray.

B．He set up a healthy eating trend.

C．He improved survival rates of operation.

D．He did experiments with chemicals to treat diseases.

2. Who invented MRI to give doctors more information of a patient’s body?

A．Joseph Lister.	B．Maximilian Bircher-Benner.
C．Paracelsus.	D．Peter Mansfield.

3. What do the four people have in common?

A．They all received Nobel Prize.

B．They were all born in Switzerland.

C．They all made contributions to treating patients.

D．They all helped to make people live a better life.

8 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Regarded     1     “the goddess scientists”, Yan Ning is an admirable biology researcher at Princeton University. She is a rising star in the science world and her resume is     2     (impress). After graduating from Tsinghua University and Princeton, she     3     (invite) to set up her own laboratory at Tsinghua in 2007. At age 30, she became one of China’s     4     (young) female professors.

It was a long road to get     5     she is now. Yan works at least 14 hours a day, but she’s energetic, because research is the most “comfortable” job for her. This     6     (devote) to her work probably helped Yan in her research to identify the structures of proteins in cells’ plasma membranes, which puzzled scientists for half a century.

Apart from     7     (perform) scientific research, Yan enjoys TV dramas and classic novels.     8     (surprise), the novel Journey to the West inspired her to become a structural biologist. As she realizes her own dreams, Yan tries to encourage more women     9     (join) in science. In her eyes, there is no difference between men     10     women in the scientific fields. “Women can work as excellently as men and live the way they choose to,” she said in a public interview.

9 . Four women scientists in developing countries win 2021 OWSD-Elsevier Foundation Awards. Four researchers have been named winners of the 2021 OWSD-Elsevier Foundation Awards for Early-Career Women Scientists in the Developing World for their research in chemistry, mathematics and physics.

Maria Eugenia Cabrera Catalán in particle physics. For her work focusing on the study of physics beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. In her research, she has been focusing on the phenomenological study of new physics models that propose solutions to open questions about the Higgsboson, which can help explain why the fundamental particles have mass, as well as questions about dark matter.

Khongorzul Dorjgotoy in financial mathematics and mathematical modeling. For her research in fractional calculus(微积分), differential equations, special functions invariant solutions, mathematical modeling and financial mathematics. “I found it very hard to have my voice heard. Most people ignore women’s ideas and voices,” said Dr. Dorjgotov. “Now, I hope attitudes will change and my opinions will matter.”

Ghada Dushaq in applied physics and nanotechnology. For her work in solid state physics, applied physics, photonics and optoelectronics, nanotechnology and on optical materials and devices. She has developed a novel method for bandgap engineering using nanoindentation as a complete physical technique. Dr. Dushaq said, “It is truly rewarding to feel that all the hard work, devotion to my research has really paid off. Also, it motivates me to continue struggling for excellence in my academic and professional pursuits and encourage young girls in advancement of their career.”

Marian Asantewah Nkansah in environmental remediation(补救)strategies. For her work on pollutants in water, food, soil, and the atmosphere. Remediation techniques are needed when there is no space for prevention and this is the right response in the case where, like Ghana, countries are suffering pollution from different sources and with different nature. Her research involves analytical sample preparation, determination of contamination levels and interaction of contaminants in water, food, soil, the atmosphere and other environmental matrices.

1. What can we know about Khongorzul Dorjgotoy?

A．She finds it difficult to hear in the crowd.

B．She studies mathematics in nanotechnology.

C．She calls on the world to care for women’s views.

D．She complains that women don’t like mathematics.

2. What do Maria Eugenia Cabrera Catalan and Ghada Dushaq have in common?

A．They study mathematical modeling	B．They both study branches of physics
C．They encourage young girls to study math.	D．They focus on the phenomenological models

3. Who devotes herself to protecting the earth?

A．Ghada Dushaq.	B．Khongorzul Dorjgotov.
C．Marian Asantewah Nkansah.	D．Marfa Eugenia Cabrera Catalan.

10 . Sarkar is a nanotechnologist (纳米技术专家) and assistant professor at MIT. She is conducting her research on brain diseases that _________ the minds of millions of people worldwide.

Born in Kolkata, India, Sarkar credits both of her parents as early _________. Her courage as a researcher comes from her _________, who as a young woman went against social norms (常态) in her village by _________ to fund her own education. Meanwhile, Sarkar’s father _________ her interest in engineering. Sarkar recalls her father finding time for his _________, fashioning devices to make home life more _______, including an electricity-free washing machine. “That got me very _________ in science and technology.” Sarkar says.

After _________ a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad, Sarkar __________ California to study nanoclectronics. There, she tested new ways to __________ nanodevices that could reduce the amount of __________ consumed by computers and other everyday electronics. __________, she made a breakthrough by developing a standout nanodevice.

Along the way, Sarkar became fascinated with the __________, which she calls “the lowest energy computer”. She hopes to put nanodevices between human neurons (神经细胞) to improve the computing speed of the processor in our brains. “Our brains are __________, but we could be better than what we are.” she says.

1.

A．enrich

B．read

C．affect

D．poison

2.

A．birds

B．researchers

C．failures

D．inspirations

3.

A．aunt

B．mother

C．sister

D．grandmother

4.

A．working

B．pretending

C．refusing

D．waiting

5.

A．protected

B．switched

C．stimulated

D．supported

6.

A．job

B．holiday

C．discomfort

D．passion

7.

A．complex

B．convenient

C．peaceful

D．meaningful

8.

A．interested

B．honest

C．lucky

D．disappointed

9.

A．starting

B．carning

C．needing

D．introducing

10.

A．adapted to

B．related to

C．headed to

D．belonged to

11.

A．create

B．fix

C．operate

D．sell

12.

A．water

B．money

C．power

D．time

13.

A．Unfortunately

B．Immediately

C．Obviously

D．Eventually

14.

A．computer

B．brain

C．exercise

D．fashion

15.

A．empty

B．busy

C．relaxed

D．remarkable