1 . It is that time of the year, when a handful of world’s leading scholars, social activists and researchers are rewarded with what is often cited as the most prestigious acknowledgement of human effort-the Nobel Prize. Here’s a look at who has won the prize and for what.

Physiology or Medicine

Swedish geneticist Svante Peabo won the first Nobel of the year, for starting the field of ancient DNA studies. He is well-known for extracting, sequencing, and analyzing ancient DNA from Neanderthal bones.

Physics

Alain Aspect, John F. Clauser and Anton Zeilinger’s work in quantum (量子) technology landed them the second Nobel Prize announced in 2022. Although Aspect is from France, Clauser from the U.S, and Zeilinger from Austria, the three separately performed “groundbreaking experiments” as one team. “Their results have cleared the way for new technology,” the committee stated.

Chemistry

The Nobel Prize for chemistry went to another trio, Carolyn R. Bertozzi from the U.S., Morten Meldal from Denmark and K. Barry Sharpless from the U.S. “for the development of click chemistry and biorthogonal chemistry,” the committee stated. Dr. Bertozzi is the eighth woman chemist to be awarded the prize, while Dr. Sharpless is the fifth scientist to be awarded two Nobel Prizes.

Economics

The Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to three American economists, Ben S. Bernanke, Douglas W. Diamond and Philip H. Dybvig “for research on banks and financial crises,” the Nobel Prize committee announced on Monday. By studying the history of American economics, particularly the Great Depression of the 1930s,they improved how we understand the role of banks during times of hardship and the bank’s impact on societal functions.

1. What prize is related to the research with bones?

A．Physiology.

B．Chemistry.

C．Physics.

D．Economics.

2. For what study did Ben S. Bernanke, Douglas W. Diamond and Philip H. Dybvig win the prize?

A．About societal functions.	B．About the history of America.
C．About banks and financial crises.	D．About the Great Depression of the 1930s.

3. What do the prizes for physics, chemistry and economics have in common?

A．Their winners are from different countries.	B．They have three winners.
C．They improve new technology.	D．They help people understand hardship.

2 . Experts often tell students to center their efforts on a narrow field to get a job after school.     1    

One of the winners of this year’s Nobel Prize in Chemistry was Danish scientist Morten Meldal, who is 68 years old and works at the University of Copenhagen. When describing his career, Meldal said he started out as an engineer but changed to chemistry because he “wanted to understand the world.”

    2     They might believe they have to center their work and school lives in one field to be successful. But a study from professors at Michigan State University shows that is not always the case. The researchers looked into past Nobel Prize winners and their students.     3     some of what they learned from their teachers is how to live a life with many interests. They are, in a way, learning how to be creative.

Nobel winners are nine times more likely to have experience in working with wood, metal or in the arts than most scientists. The researchers also found that the Nobel winners have an open mind about their life experiences. Unlike many people who spend long hours at work and give up their outside interests,     4    

The researchers say that, even among people who do not win big prizes, those with many interests are often successful. They pointed to a 2022 report about students who study two major fields in college.     5     Double majors are often more creative and more interested in starting their own businesses than those who centered on only one study area.

A．That study plan is called a “double major”.

B．What we believe is of great benefits to them.

C．Meldal’s experience may come as a surprise to students.

D．They discovered that if they helped each other afterwards,

E．Nobel winners believe their hobbies are important to creativity.

F．They found that when the students of winners went on to win Nobel Prizes,

G．But recent research into Nobel Prize winners suggests that wider interests are important.

3 . At 1:43 a.m. October 5, 2022, Stanford chemist Carolyn R. Bertozzi was awakened by a phone call from a Nobel committee representative who told her, “You have 50 minutes to collect yourself and wait until your life changes.” Instructed not to share the announcement outside of her tightest inner circle, the first person Bertozzi called was her father, a retired physics professor from MIT. “He’s 91 and, of course, he was just overjoyed,” said Bertozzi.

Carolyn Bertozzi, born October 10, 1966, Boston, was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry for her development of bioorthogonal reactions, which allow scientists to explore cells and track biological processes without disturbing the normal chemistry of the cell. She shares the $10 million Swedish kronor (about $1 million USD) prize equally with Morten Meldal, professor at University of Copenhagen and K. Barry Sharpless, professor at Scripps Research “for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry.”

Carolyn received a bachelor’s degree in chemistry from Harvard University in 1988 and a doctorate in the same subject from the University of California, Berkeley in 1993. She was a postdoctoral fellow at the University of California, San Francisco, from 1993 to 1995. She became an assistant professor at Berkeley in 1996 and a full professor of chemistry and molecular and cell biology in 2002. She also held an appointment as a professor of molecular and cellular pharmacology from 2000 to 2002 at the University of California, San Francisco. In 2015 she became a professor of chemistry at Stanford University.

“I could not be more delighted that Carolyn Bertozzi has won the Nobel Prize in chemistry,” said Stanford President Marc Tessier-Lavigne. “In pioneering the field of bioorthogonal chemistry, Carolyn invented a new way of studying biomolecular processes, one that has helped scientists around the world gain a deeper understanding of chemical reactions in living systems. Her work has had remarkable real-world impact, providing new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to treat disease. Carolyn is so deserving of this honor, and all of us at Stanford are too proud to call her one of our own.”

Carolyn’s bioorthogonal reactions have been used to study how cells build proteins and other molecules, to develop new cancer medicines, and to produce new materials for energy storage, among many other applications.

1. Why does the author mention the phone call Carolyn received in Paragraph 1?

A．To introduce the background information of Carolyn.

B．To reveal a conversation between two scientists.

C．To arouse the readers’ interest in the passage.

D．To show the urgency about the information.

2. What can we learn about Carolyn from paragraphs 2 and 3?

A．Her education and success.	B．Her delight and pride.
C．Her kindness and devotion.	D．Her dream and ambition.

3. What can we infer from Marc Tessier-Lavigne’s words?

A．He wants to cooperate with Carolyn.

B．Carolyn has found a new cure for cancer.

C．He benefits greatly from Carolyn’s findings.

D．Carolyn’s findings are of great significance.

4. What is the text?

A．A profile.	B．A news report.
C．A journal.	D．A book review.

4 . According to Michael Gelb, the author of ‘Think Like Da Vinci’, any living person can bring out their inner Da Vinci by committing themselves to several ‘Da Vincian’ principles.

According to Gelb, although not everyone is born with the gifts and the abilities of Leonardo Da Vinci, it is possible for any person to use the fundamentals of Da Vinci’s approach to learning to guide us to toward the realization of our own full potential.     1    

Leonardo possessed an intense curiosity about the world around him. It was this undiscouraged curiosity that began in childhood and continued throughout his life that drove Leonardo into becoming one of the greatest thinker’s humanity.     2     Quite the contrary, Leonardo was a man of action, possessing an unstoppable determination in pursuit of knowledge.

The young Leonardo loved nature. Leonardo would wonder around the Tuscany countryside asking questions he did not himself yet understand. Questions such as: Why shells exist on the tops of mountains alongside seaweed usually found in the sea. Why lightning is visible whereas thunder is not and takes a longer time to travel.     3     His questions took him under the water (he designed a snorkel as well as diving equipment and even a submarine) and into the sky (he also invented flying machines and a parachute).     4     Gelb recommends a series of exercises which include:

Keeping a journal or notebook – Leonardo always carried a notebook with him so that he could jot down ideas, thoughts, impressions and observations as they occurred.

Asking questions - Making a list of a hundred questions in your notebook on any given topic that comes into your head.

Be willing to make lots of mistakes – Leonardo was not afraid to make mistakes and appear foolish.

    5    

A．Curiosity can be developed.

B．Why so many important families live in Tuscany.

C．But don’t think Leonardo was a man of thought alone.

D．Here, we are going to look at one key principle: curiosity.

E．Leonardo relied only on himself to answer his own questions.

F．Actually, Leonardo embraced the feelings of unfamiliarity and foolishness.

G．But do not be fooled into thinking that Leonardo did not make any mistakes.

5 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Walk in the halls of an academic earth science department, and you’ll likely find     1    (show) on a wall somewhere a strikingly beautiful map of the world’s ocean floor.     2     map was completed in 1977, being the first complete world map of the ocean floor and     3    (represent) the highest point of Marie Tharp’s career. It gives scientists and the public alike their first sight of     4    the sea floor looks like.

In the middle of the 20th century, when continental drift (大陆漂移) met with strong     5     (oppose) from many American scientists, Tharp’s groundbreaking maps made it possible     6    the theory of plate tectonics (板块构造学) to appear.

Tharp began her career at a time when few women     7     (become) scientists, but she was able to take advantage of doors opened by historical circumstances, becoming     8     (unique) qualified to make significant contributions to both science and cartography (地图绘制).

In 1997, the Library of Congress named her as one of the four     9     (great) cartographers of the 20th century. She died in 2006, but countless women scientists     10     (motivate) by her spirit since then.

6 . Nearly a week after Stephen Hawking passed away, people even in remote parts of the globe showed up in memory of this great British scientist. Mr. Hawking, best known for his study of black holes, is respected for not allowing a physical disability to limit his mental brilliance. Yet in a sign of the state of humanity, he is also being held up as a hero for humble and intense curiosity, not just for the truth about the physical universe but for universal truths.

In 2017, a Texas-based data company called Global Language Monitor found “truth” to be the “word of the year” among English-speakers. A debate over the nature of truth “is currently quite fashionable,” the company’s analysis found. Besides, two runner-up words were “narrative” and “post-truth.” And in a January report about “truth decay (衰败)”, the RAND Corporation, a research organization, found the loss of trust in key institutions has left “people searching for new sources of credible and objective information.”

In countries with a free press, journalists have gathered to fact-check comments by politicians. Harvard University now offers a free one-hour online course to help people “better distinguish good information from bad” in hopes that they will not “share the bad.” Tech giants such as Facebook are being forced to fix truth filters (过滤器) on their online platforms. A report this month for the European Commission says that the online sites “are becoming increasingly important as both enablers and gatekeepers of information.” They should reveal how their algorithms (计算程序) select news items, the report stated.

Many nations have come to see honest information as strategic wealth. “Truth matters”, says Mike Pompeo, Secretary of State. “Relying on Twitter feeds and news reports will prove totally insufficient when policymakers have to make some of the most difficult decisions they face.”

Giants of scientific discovery such as Hawking have long been role models for seeking truth beyond their profession. “In recent years I realized that Hawking has become a symbol for mankind,” says physicist Bobby Acharya. “People looked to him for reason and truth.” The tribute rolling in for the man is actually a widespread desire for light over darkness, for truth over all the “black holes” of misinformation campaigns.

1. What does the “word of the year” in 2017 suggest?

A．A large number of people want solid facts.	B．Stephen Hawking is a great British scientist.
C．People are uninterested about the nature of truth.	D．Global Language Monitor is a popular company.

2. What are tech giants being required to do?

A．Provide users with valuable information.	B．Check the comments made by politicians.
C．Avoid false information on their platforms.	D．Cooperate with the European Commission.

3. The underlined word “tribute” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.

A．challenge

B．admiration

C．opportunity

D．unfairness

4. What would be the best title for this text?

A．Gatekeepers of information	B．Giants of scientific discovery
C．The impact the “word of the year” has	D．The light Stephen Hawking leaves behind

7 . Inspirational ideas have a habit of striking in the most unforeseen places. For example, dreams operate on the level of stories, making them primary sources of ideas and inspirations. The following are four great ideas created from dreams.

Elias Howe’s sewing machine

In 1895, Elias Howe was struggling with the needle (针) design. One night, he had a dream that some people on an unknown island caught him and were preparing to turn him into a meal. They were dancing around waving their spears (矛) in the air, and then he saw it. The spears had holes at the tip. It helped him solve his problem.

Einstein’s theory of relativity

In his dream , Albert Einstein was talking to a farmer who was telling him about the fenced (被围住的) cows. However, the farmer saw something different from him. When waking up, he realized that a similar event could be different from a different point of view. Through this, the theory of relativity slowly began to fall into place.

Beatles’hit song Yesterday

Yesterday by the famous band Beatles is one of the most covered songs in history . It all came to one of the band members, Paul McCartney, in a dream. One night in 1963 he suddenly woke up with a tune (曲调) in his head. He got up and started playing the notes until the song came into being.

The periodic table

While in his mid - thirties, Dmitri Mendeleev, a known Russian chemist, was struggling to place 56 known elements on a periodic table. Then one night in a dream, he saw a table where all aspects fell into place as called for. When he woke up, he wrote it down on a piece of paper.

1. What inspired Elias Howe to design the needle of sewing machines ?

A．Spears with holes at the tip.	B．A big meal he had in his dream.
C．A talk with the people trapping him.	D．The dancing moves of some strangers.

2. Which of the following was inspired by a dream which included a farmer ?

A．The sewing machine.	B．The theory of relativity.
C．The song Yesterday.	D．The periodic table.

3. What can be inferred from the four stories ?

A．A dream can be a wish that your heart makes.

B．Common people can also have great creations.

C．Clever minds never stop thinking in their lives.

D．Great ideas sometimes arise in an unexpected way.

8 . Gitanjali Rao, a 15-year-old teenager who used artificial intelligence (AI) and created apps to track lead (铅) in drinking water, cyberbullying and other social problems, has been named Time Magazine’s Kid of the Year for 2020. The magazine announced the award Thursday, praising Rao’s ability to deal with daily-life problems and her desire to inspire other kids for their own dreams.

It’s just the latest recognition for Rao. Last year, she was named to the Forbes 30 Under 30 List. She won praise in 2017 after she responded to the water crisis in Flint, Miclugan, by creating a tool named Dehys, to detect lead in water and send those results to a mobile phone. She was named America’s Top Young Scientist when she was in the seventh grade.

More recently, Rao has developed an app named Kindly. which uses artificial intelligence technology to detect possible early signs of cyberbullying.

“You type in a word or phrase. and it’s able to check if it’s bullying, and it gives you the chance to correct it or send it the way it is, “Rao tells Time.” The goal is not to punish. Instead, it gives you the time to rethink what you’re saying so that you know what to do next time around.”

Rao has partnered with countryside schools, museums and other organizations to run workshops for other students.

“I don’t look like a typical scientist. Everything I see on TV is that it’s an older man as a scientist,” she told Time. “So I really want to put out that message: If I can do it, you can do it, and anyone can do it.”

For 92 years, Time has presented a “Person of the Year”, and the youngest ever was Swedish climate activist Greta Thunberg, who was 16 when she was on the magazine’s cover last year.

1. How old was Rao when she was named to the Forbes 30 Under 30 List?

A．13.

B．14.

C．15.

D．16.

2. Dehys can be used to ______.

A．track lead in drinking water

B．communicate with other students

C．inspire and encourage other kids

D．detect possible cyberbullying messages

3. What does Rao mean in her message to the children?

A．She isn’t satisfied with her achievements.

B．She thinks in is easy to become a scientist

C．She doesn’t think she is a typical scientist.

D．She wants other children to do the same.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A．Gitanjali Rao: the Youngest Social Activist

B．Gitanjali Rao: a Very Talented Al Scientist

C．Time Names Gitanjali Rao Kid of the Year

D．Time Presents Gitanjali Rao in a Cover Story

9 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A heartwarming letter written by Yuan Longping has caught international attention as the world is mourning（哀悼）over his passing away. In 2010, at the age of 80, Yuan wrote the letter     1     memory of his late mother, Hua Jing. In the letter,     2     (name) “The Rice is Ripe, Mom”, Yuan looked back to the old days with his mother in Anjiang town in central China's Hunan province,     3     his mother was buried in 1989.

“Mom, the rice is ripe. Can you smell it? It seems as if your laugh is still ringing in Anjiang. I can still see my son holding     4     (you) hands to help you walk through the rice field.” he wrote.

Born in a     5     (wealth) family in Yangzhou, eastern China's Jiangsu province, Hua was well educated and open minded. She taught Yuan English and the     6     (thought) of Nietzsche（尼采）when he was very young. Having never worked in the fields, Hua moved to Anjiang town to support her     7     (son) research.

“Mom, the rice is ripe and I come back to Anjiang     8     (see) you. Every time when I     9     (be) able to deliver a speech to the audience from around the world or take a prize in my study, I always thought of you. You made me who I am. People say I've changed the word with o tiny rice seed, but I know you had planted the seed in me when I was sill     10     little boy, mom.”

10 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个词或在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。

On Sept. 29^th, 2021, 85-year-old Liu Yongtan,     1     (devote) to the research of radar technology, was awarded the title Role Model of the Times by the Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee in     2     (recognise) of his achievements.

A professor at the Harbin Institute of Technology(HIT) in Heilongjiang province, Liu is known as     3     expert in radar and signal processing technologies, and the originator of China’s new radar systems for navigation(航海) and defense.

Born in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, in 1936, Liu suffered a painful childhood due to the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-45). His parents named him Yongtan, to express their wish     4     a peaceful nation.

With a great sense of     5     (nation) duty, Liu was admitted to the electrical engineering department at HIT in 1953. Because of his excellent academic performance, in his third year in college, he     6     (select) to study radio technology at Tsinghua University, which revolutionized (革新) humanity’s technological blueprint, way of life and the way war was practised in the     7     (twenty) century. In 1978, Liu went to the United Kingdom,     8     he started his study of radar technology and received new insights into the field. “At that time, other countries had already begun to develop new radar systems, raising in me a     9     (burn) desire to help my country build a modernized radar system, which was     10     (bad) needed for both national defense and commercial activities.”