1 .

	Suuface area（sq mi）	Volume（cu mi）	Percentage of total
Salt water
The oceans	139,500,000	317,000,000	97. 2%
Inland seas and saline lakes	270,000	25,000	0.008
Fresh water
Freshwater lakes	330,000	30,000	0.009
All rivers（average level）	-	300	0.0001
Antarctic Icecap	6,000,000	6,300,000	1. 9
Arctic Icecap and glaciers	900,000	680,000	0. 21
Water in the atmosphere	197,000,000	3,100	0.001
Ground water within half a mile from surface	-	1,000,000	0. 31
Deep-lying ground water	-	1,000,000	0. 31
Total（rounded）	-	326,000,000	100.00

The Antarctic Icecap is the largest supply of fresh water, representing nearly 2% of the world' s total of fresh and salt water. As can be seen from the table above, the amount of water in our atmosphere is over 10 times as much as the water in all the rivers taken together. The fresh water actually available for human use in lakes and rivers and the accessible ground water amount to only about one—third of 1% of the world' s total water supply.

1. Which two places share equal amount of fresh water?

A．Freshwater lakes and all rivers（average level）.

B．Antarctic Icecap and water in the atmosphere.

C．Deep -lying ground water and Arctic Icecap and glaciers.

D．Ground water within half a mile from surface and Deep -lying ground water.

2. The fresh water that humans can use is____________.

A．about 1,086,700 cu m	B．about 6,300,000 cu m
C．about 680,000 cu m	D．about 2,000,000 cu mi

3. What does the passage mainly talk about?

A．Fresh water.

B．Salt water.

C．Water supply.

D．Water protection.

2 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

More than 1, 250 lit stalls(货摊) brighten the center of Thailand’s capital city,     1     (provide) a multicolored sight. The shelter,     2     is designed for the thousands of traders and shoppers at Bangkok’s night market, has become an     3     (attract) itself.

The market, which     4     (call) Train Night Market Ratchada in English, was opened in January 2015 and has become     5     popular spot for locals and tourists. Software engineer Prasas Ambati visited the market and took the landscape photographs from a nearby car park. “Those     6     (color) tents and people shopping, eating at stalls and the flashing lights were great. The tents made me think of a giant painting.”

This is     7     (primary) a market that sells yesteryear(旧时) goods, old-fashioned     8     (collection) of clothes, motorbikes, and second-hand toys. There are also plenty of general market things for sale,     9    cheap clothes, shoes, bags, and other fashion items. But above all it’s one of the best places for street food, open-air bars with live music frequently     10     (perform) all over.

3 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

These days, modern buildings are everywhere. But if you want to see     1     life was back in the old days, China still has many beautiful water     2     (town) to visit. CNN has chosen four of the country’s most beautiful ones.

The village of Zhouzhuang in Jiangsu calls     3     (it) “the oldest water town in China”. The village, which     4     (build) in 1086, is crossed with canals. Taking a boat ride through town, the red lanterns might make you think of China’s romantic past.

Hongcun,       5     (fill) with lakes and beautiful Anhui-style buildings, is 900 years old. It was built to look like a big ox. Huangshan Mountain is the head；the town is the body and the bridges are legs.

Fenghuang in Human doesn’t look like a bird,     6     its name means “phoenix” (凤凰) in Chinese. The town is as beautiful as the       7       (magic) bird. The stilted (吊脚的) buildings on each side of the Tuojiang River make the area look like a scene from     8     postcard.

While most water towns are in the south, Shangdong’s Tai’erzhuang stands out in the north. The town     9     (be) on the bank of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. In the town, there are ancient bridges, a canal and temples,     10     (make) you think of its past glory.

4 . The huge Florida wetland known as the Everglades is a slow﹣moving river 80 kilometers wide but only a few centimeters deep. People call the Everglades a "river of grass" because sawgrass covers most of it. Sawgrass is not really grass. It is a plant that has leaves edged with tiny sharp teeth that can easily cut through clothes ﹣and skin!

Travel in the Everglades is difficult. You cannot walk through shallow water because the sawgrass will cut you. The water is too shallow for regular boats. So， we use an airboat. An airboat is a flat， open boat. Like an airplane， it has a big propeller to move it. The propeller is fixed on the rear of the boat. It makes a loud noise but it does the job. The boat skims along the water's surface. Although we can still get lost in an airboat， at least we are above the alligators （短吻鳄）.

For a long time， dangers have threatened the Everglades. Around 1900， some people felt this precious wetland should be drained（排干）. They said it was just a big swamp and not good for anything. In the 1920s， there was a land boom in Florida. People wanted to build homes everywhere， including in the Everglades. They built canals， levees， and other water systems that stopped the rivers flowing into the Everglades. Factories were built near rivers that flowed into the wetland. These factories poured poisonous waste that damaged the environment of the everglades.

People are now working to preserve the Everglades National Park for the future. Right now one big problem is the paperbark tree. This tree is an invader from Australia.

Paperbark trees soak up a lot of water. In the early 1900s，people brought them to Florida because they thought they would help drain the Everglades. However， the invaders adapted too well. Paperbark trees have taken over hundreds of thousands of acres of the everglades and killed other trees. Scientists are cutting down these trees or spraying them with herbicides to kill them.

1. What possibly cause（s） airboats to get lost in the Everglades？

A．The sawgrass.

B．The vast river.

C．The alligators.

D．The shallow water.

2. Why do airboats take the place of normal boats？

A．Because they can move faster.

B．Because their noise frightens the alligators.

C．Because they have flat bottoms.

D．Because they carry more passengers.

3. How did people try to drain the Everglades？

A．By cutting down trees

B．By building factories.

C．By growing sawgrass.

D．By digging water channels.

4. Which category does the underlined word "herbicides" in the last paragraph belong to？

A．Seeds.

B．Poisons.

C．Crops.

D．Paints.

5 . Los Angeles is a relatively new and spreading city, which means there’s a big canvas (画布) for architects of many styles to put their 3D stamps on the city. For architecture fans, here are some must-see spots.

Watts Towers

Designed and constructed by Italian-born Simon Rodia over the course of three decades, the 17 towers—the tallest is 100 feet high—consist of metal and found objects such as broken glass, pottery chips (陶器碎片), seashells, etc. You can take a guided tour of this place, learning about the history of this attractive project. 1727 E. 107^th St., LA.

Getty Center

Architect Richard Meier’s shining city on a hill took 16,000 tons of marble to build but today it’s a wonder, housing the Getty’s main art collection and offering unbelievable views of Los Angeles. 1200 Getty Center Dr., LA.

Sturges House

Frank Lloyd Wright designed nine different structures throughout Southern California. This was Wright’s first turn away from the textile (纺织) block buildings he’d been designing in California and toward stressing natural factors of the structure to mix with the natural surroundings. 449 N. Skyewiay Rd., LA.

Walt Disney Concert Hall

Frank Gehry has lived in Los Angele s for decade s and hi s world has been se en throughout the city. This one, the Walt Disney Concert Hall, is his most luxurious (奢侈的) building in Southern California. You need not sit through a symphony performance to get a glance at the interior(内饰). The concert hall offers free self-guided audio tours recorded by actor John Litligow. 111 S. Grand Ave., LA.

1. Where should you go to visit Watts Towers?

A．1200 Getty Center Dr., LA.	B．1727 E. 107th St., LA.
C．449 N. S kyewiay Rd., LA.	D．111   S. Grand Ave., LA.

2. What is special about Sturges House?

A．It is made up of 9 structures.	B．It is a textile block building.
C．It fits in well with its environment.	D．It is a luxurious building.

3. Who designed Walt Disney Concert Hall?

A．Simon Rodia.	B．Richard Meier.
C．John Lithgow.	D．Frank Gehry.

6 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Known as the "Vegas of China”,Macao, while filled with luxury and world-class entertainment, also    1    (offer) many landmarks that define the city's unique and fascinating history. The first episode of "Landmarks of Macao” takes you to arguably Macao's most famous landmark-the Ruins of St. Paul's,    2    both the city's Chinese tradition and the Portuguese culture have been greatly preserved.

No trip to Macao could be complete    3    visiting the Ruins of St. Paul's. The Ruins of St. Paul's refer to the facade(外墙)of    4    was initially the Church of Mater Dei(圣母大教堂). First    5    (build) in 1580, the Ruins of St. Paul's is the iconic site of Macao. Originally made of wood, the structure    6    (burn) down in a fire during a typhoon in 1835, with only the beautiful granite (花岗岩)facade remaining and the grand stairs of 68 stone steps    7    (lead) up to it. A steel stairway allows    8    (tourist) to climb up to the top of the facade where you can enjoy a panoramic(全景的)view of    9    whole city as well as the delicate stone carvings.

In 2005, the Ruins of St. Paul's was    10    (official) listed as part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site. Today, the facade of the Ruins of St. Paul's functions symbolically as the Holy Land to the city and the site is noted as one of the “eight new scenic spots” of Macao.

7 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Yueyang Tower is     1     ancient Chinese tower on the shore of Lake Dongting. It is one of the Three Great Towers of Jiangnan. Yueyang Tower became famous for Memorial to Yueyang Tower (《岳阳楼记》)     2     (write) by Fan Zhongyan, who was an excellent minister of the northern Song Dynasty (960-1127)in China.

    3     (lie) on the city wall of the west gate of the ancient city in Yueyang City, Hunan province, China, Yueyang Tower faces Junshan Island and overlooks Dongting Lake, being extremely beautiful and     4     (impress). Since ancient times, it     5     (enjoy) the good reputation that Dongting Lake is the     6     (good)among lakes, and Yueyang Tower is incomparable among towers. Yueyang Tower’s roof covered with yellow glazed tiles (黄色琉璃瓦)looks like a general’s helmet in ancient China. It is the only ancient     7     (build) with a helmet roof structure (构造) in China.

Before the Tang Dynasty (618-907), Yueyang Tower was mainly used     8     the military purpose. After the Tang Dynasty, it     9     (gradual) became a famous scenic spot in     10     men of letters chanted poetry and wrote fu.

8 . Caves (洞穴) have a primary appeal — they hold the secrets to our past and are mysterious in and of themselves.

● Mammoth Cave

Kentucky, USA

The longest cave system in the world lies beneath the Green River Valley in Kentucky and while over 400 miles of passageways have been mapped, it has yet to be fully discovered. The complex limestone labyrinth (石灰岩迷宫) was discovered by humans 4,000 years ago.

● Blue Grotto

Capri, Italy

Once used as the personal swimming hole for the Roman Emperor Tiberius, this extremely bright sea cave is almost 200 feet long and 82 feet wide. Its unique glow comes from the light entering the small opening to the outside.

● Avshalom Cave Nature Reserve

Beit Shemesh, Israel

Also known as the Soreq Cave Nature Reserve, Avshalom is considered to be the Rosetta Stone of climate history in the Eastern Mediterranean through the packed stalactites (钟乳石) found in the cave, some of which are over 13 feet long, and are as old as 300,000 years.

● Cave of the Crystals

Naica, Mexico

This unique cave system in Mexico contains some of the largest natural crystals (水晶) ever found—the longest of which is 39 feet long and 13 feet thick. However, it is rarely explored due to logistical difficulties: it is extremely hot due to its location above a volcanic vent, and the huge crystals block also block the passage.

1. Where does the longest cave lie in?

A．Kentucky, USA.	B．Capri, Italy.
C．Beit Shemesh, Israel.	D．Naica, Mexico.

2. Avshalom is famous as           .

A．the most beautiful cave.	B．the Soreq Cave Nature Reserve.
C．the Emperor’s swimming hole.	D．over 400 miles of passageways.

3. Which cave includes the largest natural crystals?

A．Cave of the Crystals.	B．Blue Grotto.
C．Mammoth Cave.	D．Avshalom Cave Nature Reserve.

9 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 （1个单词） 或括号内单词的正确形式。

The Great Wall of China is one of the greatest     1     (sight) in the world—the longest wall in the world.     2     （it） winding path and steep mountains take in some great scenery. The “Long Wall” has a long history—more than 2,600 years. It     3     (build) in different areas by different dynasties.

In the Qin dynasty, the First Emperor of Qin linked the northern walls     4     (prevent) aggression from northern nations. In the Han dynasty, the emperors     5     wanted to protect trade on the Silk Road extended the Great Wall into today’s western China. The Great Wall is a building project with the longest duration and at     6     cost of lives, blood, sweat and tears. It     7     (deserve) its place among the “New 7 Wonders of the World” and the UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

During the construction of the Great Wall, there were many     8     (extreme) interesting stories, such as Lady Meng Jiang weeping over her husband’s death at the Great Wall, a sad but romantic love story set in the Qin dynasty. The Great Wall of China is the must-see attraction in China. Perhaps the most     9     (power) advertising words in history come from the poetic pen of Chairman Mao, “Until you reach the Great history Wall, you’re no hero.” It means getting     10     difficulties before reaching a goal.

10 . The Leshan Giant Buddha is a statue of Maitreya (弥勒大佛) in sitting posture.The Buddha is located in Sichuan Province,facing Minjiang,Qingyi and Dadu rivers.In December,1996,the Buddha was included by UNESCO on the list of the World Heritage (世界遗产名录).

The statue was begun in the year 713 in the Tang Dynasty,and finished in the year 803.The Buddha is 71 meters high.The 8-meter-long instep (脚背) is big enough for one hundred people to sit on and the 28-meter-wide shoulder is large enough to be a basketball playground.

A monk called Hai Tong is connected with the Buddha forever.At that time,wild waters brought out many boat accidents and people just put the disaster down to the presence of a water spirit.So Hai Tong decided to make a statue beside the river thinking that the Buddha would bring the water spirit under control.After 20 years’ begging from door to door,he finally collected enough money for the plan.When some local government officials tried to get this amount of money,Hai Tong said that they could get his eyeballs but not the money raised for the Buddha.After he dug out his eyeballs,these officials ran away scared.The project was half done when Hai Tong passed away,and two of his disciples (门徒) continued the work.After a total of 90 years’ hard work,the project was finally completed.

Having such a long history,the Buddha was nearly destroyed by the wind and rain.The Chinese government began the repairing work in 1963 under the instructions of experts from UNESCO.

1. What’s the main idea of this passage?

A．To explain the Leshan Giant Buddha briefly.

B．To tell us how the Leshan Giant Buddha was built.

C．To say where the Leshan Giant Buddha is.

D．To mention how the Leshan Giant Buddha came into the World Heritage.

2. How did Hai Tong get the money for the Buddha?

A．By calling for donation.

B．By working on the river.

C．By asking the government.

D．By selling his eyeballs.

3. According to the passage,the Leshan Giant Buddha 　　　.

A．was completed when Hai Tong was alive

B．doesn’t exist now

C．played a good role in controlling the river

D．has been a World Heritage site for almost twenty years

4. Hai Tong hoped to build the statue to 　　　.

A．make his temple more famous

B．show respect to the water spirit

C．protect the safety of the local people

D．get more people to believe in Buddhism

5. In this passage,Hai Tong can be best described as 　　　.

A．generous	B．cruel
C．easy-going	D．long-suffering