The Vikings, whose ancestors came from Scandinavia, were the first Europeans     1    (reach) America. They had lived in many places of northern Europe. In 982 AD, a man     2    (call) Eric the Red was forced to leave Iceland because of a murder, for     3    he got into trouble. Eric discovered Greenland and persuaded some people     4    (settle) in Greenland. Eric set sail again, but only half of the ships made     5    to Greenland this time.

Later a man, Biarni set sail from Iceland in search     6     Eris’s party. But he     7    (blow) off course and found himself in an unknown land, from where he     8    (eventual) reached Greenland.

In the year 1002, Leif, Eric the Red’s son, followed Biarni’s directions and sailed to     9    is believed to be the coast of present-day Canada. He also discovered Newfoundland. Actually, Eric the Red and Leif’s     10    (deed) are the first records we have of Europeans sailing to the Americas.

Located in southwest Hangzhou, Longmen is a small town which is full of ancestral shrines(祠堂), halls, pagodas, trees, and bridges from the Ming and Qing     1    (dynasty). It is also home to the     2    (large) settlement of descendants of Sun Quan, who ruled the Kingdom of Wu during the Three Kingdoms Period. More than 90 percent of the 7,000 people     3     (live) here are surnamed Sun. The town covers     4     area of two square kilometers and it is located south of Fuchun River     5     north of Shan River, 38 kilometers away from Hangzhou's city center. It is located at the foot of Longmen Mountain and Longmen River     6     (run) through it.

The name Longmen means “a gate for dragons“ in Chinese and comes from a     7     (poet)written by Yan Ziling,     8     traveled there during the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD25- 220). The ancient town's architecture gives it a unique charm, and goods can only    9     (buy) and sold on an old street that is 1,500 meters long and 3 meters wide, keeping the street     10    (busily) at all times.

Cusco    1    (be) a popular destination for tourists, because of    2    (it) unique place in the history of South America. Cusco was the capital city of the Inca Empire which was the most    3    (power) in South America until the 1500s. There are two     4    (especial) interesting things to admire about the Inca civilization. The first is the roads and paths they built    5    (connect) their important cities. These Inca roads were    6    (make) up of two north-south highways and many small roads crossing the mountains east to west. The roads were for Inca soldiers and their    7    (official). Second, the Incas built wonderful cities full of amazing architecture,    8    there were no markets in these cities. One of the interesting    9    (question) of history is how the Incas lived     10    shopping!

The world’s cities are getting more and more crowded. Cities such as Tokyo and Shanghai     1    (consider) “mega-cities”, because    2    their big size and huge populations.There are two main reasons why cities are becoming so crowded.

First, the primary cause of cities    3     (become) so crowded is economic. As a country develops, its cities become the engines of development, thus jobs are available in these areas. For example, Tokyo was the motor for Japan’s economic boom in the 1960’s and 70’s; as     4    result, its population increased    5     (rapid). People moved to Tokyo because they could find employment there.

Second, another    6     (contribute) factor is sociocultural. Thousands of people move to the cities not only for jobs but also for educational and personal reasons. The better universities in big cities attract thousands of students every year, and most of them choose     7    （work）in the city after graduation. Moreover, young people will move to the city as the rural areas are more    8     (tradition). Therefore, young people believe this is a barrier to their personal freedom.

In    9     (conclude), economic and cultural factors are the major causes of huge urban population. People will always move to the areas    10    provide opportunity and freedom.

One of the most recognizable    1    (building) in the world, the Sydney Opera House,    2    (have) a very interesting history. It all started in the 1940s, when the Sydney Symphony Orchestra had nowhere to play. The orchestra’s conductor, Eugene Goossens, asked the Australian government to think about building a place and the government     3    (final) agreed to build an opera house in 1954.

The government held    4    international competition to find a design for the opera house. Many of the 233 designers from around the world     5     entered the competition were famous, but the design of an unknown Danish architect     6    (name) Jorn Utzon was chosen as the winner. Utzon travelled to Sydney     7    (show) his model of the opera house to the government,    8    then returned to Denmark to draw up building plans with an engineering company.

While     9    (draw) up the plans, Utzon remembered the temples he had seen in Mexico in 1949 and used them     10     his inspiration for the base of the opera house in Sydney.

Located on the southeast coast of China, Quanzhou in Fujian Province was a major international trade port in China 1 ,000 years ago. Today, with the Belt and Road Initiative in full swing, the city，the starting point of the ancient Maritime Silk Road, is back in the limelight,    1     ( play) an important role in connecting China with the rest of the world.

Being    2     international port, Quanzhou, is home to a huge number of Chinese    3     have gone abroad and can be tracked to more than 130 countries and regions around the globe. Their passion for their hometown’s development    4     ( reflect) in their investments in local factories and schools, charity donations and public welfare projects. They serve as an important driving force for local economic and social development, while acting as a bridge between Quanzhou    5    the wider world.

Quanzhou is also known    6    its thriving private economy. The past four decades     7    (see) the birth of tens of thousands of private businesses and hundreds of famous brands. Today, the city is    8     (pride) of five industrial groups: textiles and garments, footwear, petrochemical , machinery equipment, building materials and home furnishings. Private businesses account for more than 90 percent of local businesses, with more than 100    9     ( company) listed at home and abroad. The city is now known as the capital of footwear, crafts and stone sculptures. Since 2013, the city has    10     ( continuous) increased investment in its sea, land and air transport infrastructure to enhance connectivity.

Yueyang Tower is     1     ancient Chinese tower on the shore of Lake Dongting. It is one of the Three Great Towers of Jiangnan. Yueyang Tower became famous for Memorial to Yueyang Tower (《岳阳楼记》)     2     (write) by Fan Zhongyan, who was an excellent minister of the northern Song Dynasty (960-1127)in China.

    3     (lie) on the city wall of the west gate of the ancient city in Yueyang City, Hunan province, China, Yueyang Tower faces Junshan Island and overlooks Dongting Lake, being extremely beautiful and     4     (impress). Since ancient times, it     5     (enjoy) the good reputation that Dongting Lake is the     6     (good)among lakes, and Yueyang Tower is incomparable among towers. Yueyang Tower’s roof covered with yellow glazed tiles (黄色琉璃瓦)looks like a general’s helmet in ancient China. It is the only ancient     7     (build) with a helmet roof structure (构造) in China.

Before the Tang Dynasty (618-907), Yueyang Tower was mainly used     8     the military purpose. After the Tang Dynasty, it     9     (gradual) became a famous scenic spot in     10     men of letters chanted poetry and wrote fu.

High on the Qinghai---Tibet Plateau(高原)    1     (lie) China’s “water tower” Sanjiangyuan.     2     is home to the head-waters of China’s three rivers. However, human activities     3    (put) this ecosystem     4     risk in recent years.

In 2016, the Chinese government set up Sanjiangyuan National Park in Qinghai province. With Sanjiangyuan     5     (take) the lead, other regions have been chosen     6     (carry) out projects that together would form a national park system. The idea     7     a national park system should be realized was approved by President Xi, who said, “Building an ecological civilization bears great     8     (significant) in the development and progress of human civilization.”

    9     (hopeful), the success of Sanjiangyuan will mark the start of a     10     (green) future.

In Hebei Province lies a vast forest called Saihanba. This green Great Wall,     1     at its peak during the Qing Dynasty covered thousands of hectares, had by the 1950s     2    （virtual）disappeared. This allowed sand to blow into Beijing from the northern deserts.

Saihanba is a combination of Chinese and Mongolian,     3    （mean）“beautiful highlands". Until the Qing Dynasty, it was a royal hunting land because of its cool summer weather and beautiful surroundings. However, most of the area had turned into a desert by the end of the Qing Dynasty.

In fact 56 years ago there was only one tree left. But without that tree, there     4    （be）no miracle of Saihanba today. In the early 1960s, over 350 foresters     5    （send）to this area to fight the desert. They were required     6    （rebuild）the forest in Saihanba. Few people, including the foresters themselves, believed they would succeed.

Their doubt disappeared, however, when they found the 200-year-old tree, swaying alone in     7     wind. If one tree could survive here,     8     could millions of trees, they thought.

After decades of hard work, three generations of the foresters have restored almost 80% of the original Saihanba forest. Recently, they were awarded the     9    （high）environmental honor from the United Nations for their great     10    （contribute）to creating a greener world.

10 . Chinese knot is an ancient folk art form in China, simple     1     attractive as well. Its history can date back to the Zhou Dynasty (1046-256 BC), and it was fully developed in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and became     2     (wide) popular in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. A knot     3     is made of colorful silk thread can bring good luck to its owner. It is often used to express good wishes,     4    (include) happiness, prosperity, love and the absence of evil.

Chinese knot     5     (indicate) that every knot is made of a single rope and named by its specific form and meaning. For example, “Happiness & Health”, “Luck and Auspiciousness (吉祥)” and “Wish you a fair wind”. By combining different knots     6     other well-designed things skillfully, a unique auspicious Chinese knot with many wishes     7     (form). And it is also worth noting that the logo for Beijing’s bid     8     (host) the 2008 Olympics was based on a traditional knot craft design.

Today, people are fond of Chinese knot for its     9     (character) form, colorfulness and deep meaning. Most commonly, the knot is used either as a hanging     10    (decorate), such as in the home or car, or on the body like ring, earrings, hand chain or necklace.