1 . LANZHOU-When an international olive oil competition announced its winners in Greece in late June, excitement spread across the village of Daoqi in Northwest China.

“The award-winning olive oil was made from our fruit,” said Ru Ciming, 50, an olive planter from the village under the city of Longnan, Gansu province. The variety of olive trees in Ru’s orchard (果园) was introduced from Spain. In the eyes of locals, the foreign trees have not only pulled the city, once among the least-developed regions in China, out of poverty, but they have also brought them international fame.

Olives originated in the Mediterranean (地中海地区) and their oil, often called liquid gold, is used widely in food, cosmetics and medicine. In the 1960s, the Albanian government gifted China more than 10,000 olive saplings (树苗), which were then planted in many parts of the country on nationwide trials. Longnan began to plant olive trees in the early 1970s and experts concluded that the region was ideal for the resettlement of the olive trees due to its climate and soil condition. After years of experiments and promotion, it is now the largest olive cultivation (栽培) base in China.

In recent years, the local olive oil industry has continued to expand as Longnan has improved cooperation with Mediterranean countries that have a long history of olive planting, including Italy, Greece and Spain. The improved cooperation aims to introduce better varieties and initiate technical exchanges.

Pedro J. Rodriguez Sanchez, a Spanish olive seedling expert, was one of the early contributors to olive exchanges. He arrived in Longnan in 2009, when only half of the local olive tree seedlings had survived. His technical guidance helped raise the survival rate to over 90 percent.

Zhao Haiyun, an official in charge of promoting the olive industry in Longnan’s Wudu District, said that many more European experts have arrived since Sanchez. They have visited orchards to offer guidance to farmers, and helped companies improve their processing and storage procedures.

They have helped the district, as well as the city of Longnan, to jump on the bandwagon of China’s rising demand for high-quality olive oil, especially among well-off urban families, said Zhao.

1. What can we learn from the third paragraph?

A．Olive oil is named liquid gold and has many uses.

B．The Albanian government sold some olive saplings to China.

C．Longnan has a history of about 30 years of planting olive trees.

D．Longnan is fit for the growth of olive trees due to its rich water resources.

2. Where did Pedro J. Rodriguez Sanchez come from?

A．Italy.

B．Albania.

C．Spain.

D．Greece.

3. Which of the following words can replace the underlined one “bandwagon” in the last paragraph?

A．Policy.

B．Habit.

C．Fashion.

D．Model.

4. What can be the best title for the news report?

A．Olives link Northwest China with world

B．Oliver trees pull Longnan out of poverty

C．Longnan is largest olive cultivation base in China

D．Longnan improves cooperation with Mediterranean countries

2 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Imported vehicles（进口汽车）can now enter the Chinese market at a     1    （fast）rate with lower costs, thanks to efforts made by the Pudong Airport Comprehensive Bonded Area（综合保税区）.     2     has smoothed out the clearance, examination and storage process.

The area     3    （take）the lead across China to set up the first examination line for imported vehicles in January by     4    （offer）“one-stop” examinations near the warehouse.

The Shanghai Customs office at the Pudong airport has also cut the clearance time for imported vehicles from half a day     5     half an hour at its service window that is     6    （especial）set up for imported vehicles. In addition, the bonded area offers tailored, storage solutions for imported vehicles to help promote     7    （efficient）and reduce costs.

Take the 30 Aston Martin vehicles that arrived in Pudong on December 7 as     8     example. The new storage solution for these vehicles will save costs by nearly 20 percent,     9    （compare）with the previous method.

Up to now, the bonded area     10    （receive）about 6,000 international expensive vehicles including Ferrari, Maserati, Jaguar and Land Rover. The combined value has exceeded 4 billion yuan.

3 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Xinjiang is now in a harvest season. Last week, CCTV teams traveled to Xinjiang     1     (record) these joyous events from different angles using photography, live broadcasts in multiple languages and interviews.

Xinjiang is rich in natural resources, which benefit from     2     (it) unique climatic conditions. The enough sunlight and large temperature differences between day and night make the region     3     ideal place to grow crops.

Xinjiang offers a wide     4    (various) of fruits, and many say Aksu Prefecture (城镇) has the best apples in the region. Aksu has witnessed rapid development in apple industry. Today, its apples are highly sought-after at home and abroad. If apples are not unique enough, sea buckthorn (沙棘枣) can     5     (definite) be called a name card of Xinjiang fruit. It contains plenty of vitamin C, even     6    (high) than kiwifruit. Farmers in northern Xinjiang are now harvesting the small yellow fruit,     7     sweet taste makes them ideal for making juice. China’s output of sea buckthorn fruit accounts for 90 percent of the world’s total.

    8     the largest cotton-growing area in the country, Xinjiang recorded 5.16 million tons of cotton output in 2020. Modern agricultural machinery     9     (adopt) in cotton picking in recent years,     10     (boost) the development of the industry and benefiting local farmers.

4 . We’ve been told since we were children that “It’s good to share”. Parents and teachers keep reminding us to share toys and books. When we grow up, we share photos, life stories and opinions with people around us and with those we don’t know via social media. Psychologists believe that the behavior of sharing is beneficial to setting up positive emotional connection.

Today, the action of sharing takes on extra meaning. It has spread to almost every aspect of our lives. We are using technology to reduce the money that we spend on goods and services, or to make money out of those that we don’t use ourselves at all. These differ from car shares to home shares, and even to pet shares. The sharing economy is creating new ways of thinking and is providing services to people when and where they want them.

This popular ways of sharing is a response to our increasing demand for quality goods and services at competitive prices, all delivered at the click of a button. Whether we’re a lender or a borrower, it’s a win-win situation. What’s more, sharing encourages us to reuse items, thereby cutting down on waste. And set-ups such as bike and car sharing do a further favor for the environment by reducing the number of polluting vehicles on the road.

But the sharing economy is not without its problems. The sharing economy is developing faster than existing regulations and related laws are still on the way. Some companies are taking unfair advantage of this situation to expand their share of the market, often at the expense of more traditional companies. In addition, the sharing economy is subject to abuse of trust. Some people have experienced damage to their properties while renting out their homes, and others have found themselves victims of theft or attack while sharing rides. Finally, personal data is not yet safe. Sharing platforms collect personal information about almost every part of our lives.

Nonetheless, there is no doubt that the sharing economy is increasingly relevant to our daily lives as well as to the global economy. it is growing at such a rate that we can only imagine what it will be like in the future.

1. Paragraph 2 and 3 are mainly about the ________ of sharing economy.

A．definition

B．benefits

C．technology

D．development

2. The underlined word “regulations” in paragraph 4 probably means________.

A．rules

B．ideas

C．conditions

D．ways

3. People may worry that sharing economy would________.

A．lead to unfairness among strangers

B．cause distrust to traditional companies

C．bring about safety problems to users

D．limit the awareness of self-protection

4. What’s the author’s attitude to the future of the sharing economy?

A．Negative.

B．Doubtful.

C．Positive.

D．Unclear.

5 . The 2021 Nobel Economics Prize has been awarded to Robert Wilson and Paul Milgrom for their work in analyzing auctions and how to make them more efficient.

At the heart of the work for which Milgrom and Wilson have been awarded is the winner's curse.     1     . An example might be the right to mine a certain area for gold. If no gold is found, the right will be worthless; but if there turns out to be a lot of gold, it will be valuable. Different bidders may have different opinions about how much hold is on the site.The more optimistic they are, the more they will be willing to bid. The most optimistic bid will win. But the true value is likely to turn out much closer to the average rather than the highest valuation,so winning bidders are likely to overpay.

Wilson's work has shown that the fear of the winner's curse leads rational bidders to bid less than the own valuation.     2     .Their final price will therefore be lower.

Milgrom built on this to examine the case of auctions where there is not only a common value but also a private value that differs between bidders. In focusing again on the winner's curse, Milgrom determined that English-style auctions, where the price starts low and is bid upward, are better at avoiding the winner's curse than Dutch-style auctions---where the price starts high and is bid downward.This is because bidders gain more information about an item's value during an English-style auction,as other bidders drop out.     3     .

How have such insights help society? For one thing, Milgrom and Wilson developed the Simultaneous Multiple Round Auction'(SMRA). In these auctions, all biddable items are offered at the same time and bidders can bid on any portion of the items.The SMRA is useful,for example,if a company wants to bid for a license in one area only if it can also have the license in another area.    4     . Running auctions simultaneously allows governments to maximize the prices of valuable assets.This gives governments more money to spend on public services like health and education.

A．If the auctions were held sequentially,the uncertainty about winning the second auction would depress bids in the first auction.

B．It arises from common value auctions where people bid for something whose value is unknown at the time but will be agreed upon later.

C．From determining the placement of every ad on a webpage to assigning the rights to fly to hub airports,auctions play a big role in contemporary society.

D．Greater uncertainty or the belief that some participants have more information than others will make bidders even more cautious.

E．He found that more details about the object's value,such as other bidders' valuations,tend to result in higher revenue.

F．This year's Nobel Economics Prize is a clear example of the practical effects on the interests of the public.

6 . Directions:After reading the passages below fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word:for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank

Luckin Coffee Stock Collapses After News of Fake Data

Shares of Luckin Coffee Inc. sank over 80 percent after the company said one of its top managers and other employees had faked sales figures. The fast-growing Chinese coffee chain has suspended its chief operating officer Liu Jian and staff reporting to him.The decision came     1     the company's special committee conducted an internal investigation into issues in its financial statements for 2021.

Luckin Coffee,which has been described as a challenger to Starbucks,was one of China's few successful U.S. stock market listing last year. Founded in 2017,it was listed on the NASDAQ last May.It had set up some 4,500 stores in more than 40 cities across China by the end of 2019. Most of these stores are small "pick-up"stations     2     (locate) in office buildings or on college campuses that cater to online orders for pickup and delivery.

The Xiamen-based company said its own investigation had found that its fabricated sales figures,     3     had been reported starting from the second quarter of last year to the fourth quarter,     4     (amount) to about 22 billion yuan ($310 million).That's equal to about 40% of its estimated annual sales.

Luckin also said that it still needed to look into other costs and expenses that were considerably inflated during the same period. The company added that it is assessing the overall financial impact of the misconduct on its financial statements. At the same time, Luckin warned investors that they     5     no longer rely on its financial statements and earning releases for the nine months leading up to Sept. 30, which had indicated rapid growth. Its U.S.stock market value     6     (triple) since its IPO, topping S59 a share earlier this year. Investors, however, began to become cautious     7     there might be some serious issues at the company following the release of     8     critical report in January.

The 89-page anonymous report was sent to the high-profile investment firm Muddy Waters Research,which published it on January 31.The report alleged that Luckin had fabricated financial and operating figures from the third quarter of last year. At the time,Luckin strongly denied the allegations, describing them as "misleading and false."

    9     the fake sales investigation made headlines, Luckin said in a statement released on April 2 that it will "take all appropriate actions, including legal actions     10     the individuals responsible for the misconduct".

7 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

How to Sell Books in 2020: Put Them Near the Toilet Paper

If you want to sell books during a pandemic, it turns out that one of the best places to do it is within easy reach of eggs, milk and diapers.

When the coronavirus forced the United States into lockdown this spring, stores like Walmart and Target, which     1    (think) essential, remained open. So when anxious consumers were stocking up on beans and pasta, they were also grabbing workbooks, paperbacks and novels,     2     (push) the book sales up to a new level.

Warehouse stores do not generally reveal how much they sell of particular products, but people across the publishing industry say that sales     3     (increase) at these stores significantly, with perhaps the greatest rise at Target. In some cases, according to publishing executives, books sales tripled or quadrupled.

Some grocery chains and pharmacies saw an increase, too, even     4     books are far from the core of what they offer.

Stores like Target,     5    had the advantage of being open, were also able to step in when Amazon pulled back on delivering some products, like books and toys, so it     6    prioritize essential household goods and medical supplies.

“Covid-19 and the government stimulus check have increased the demand     7     books in a big way, particularly on the adult books side,” Leigh Stidham, a Walmart spokeswoman, said in an email. The fiction genre is strong despite some new title releases being pushed back to later in the year. Also, educational book sales have increased significantly since day cares and schools have been shut down.

The question for publishers is     8    this rise will continue. Have buyers been reconditioned to pick up books in different places, or will they go back to their old habits when running errands feels     9     (anxious)? Mr. Abboud of ReaderLink said the sales were expected     10    (fall), but not to previous levels. In the meantime, there are those who are starting to venture back out.

8 . Motivating Employees under Unfavourable Conditions

It is a great deal easier to motivate employees in a growing organization than a declining one. When organizations are expanding, promotional opportunities, pay rises, and the excitement of being associated with a dynamic organization create feelings of optimism. When an organization is shrinking, the best and mobile workers are likely to leave voluntarily.     1     The minor employees remain because their job options are limited.

Morale (士气) also suffers during decline. People fear they may be the next to be made unnecessary. Productivity often Suffers, as employees spend their time sharing rumours and providing one another with moral support rather than focusing on their jobs.     2     Pay cuts, unheard of during times of growth, may even be imposed. The challenge to management is how to motivate employees under such special conditions.

    3     For example, if the job is running a small business or an autonomous unit within a larger business, high achievers should be sought. High achievers will do best when the job provides moderately challenging goats and where there is independence and feedback.

The literature on goal-setting theory suggests that managers should ensure that all employees have specific goals and receive comments on how well they are doing in those goals. Regardless of whether goals are achievable or well within management’s perceptions of the employee’s ability, if employees see them as unachievable they will reduce their effort.     4    

Since employees have different needs, managers should use their knowledge of each employee to personalize the rewards over which they have control. Some of the more obvious rewards that managers allocate include pay, promotions and the opportunity to participate in goal-setting and decision-making.

A．There is enough evidence to support the motivational benefits that result from carefully matching people to jobs.

B．For those whose jobs are secure, pay increases are rarely possible.

C．High achievers are motivated by jobs that are high in independence and responsibility.

D．Unfortunately, they are the ones the organization can least afford to lose—those with the highest skills and experience.

E．The answer to that depends on perceptions of goal acceptance and the organization’s culture.

F．Managers must be sure, therefore, that employees feel confident that their efforts can lead to performance goals.

9 . China's digital economy is expected to provide a strong boost to global economic recovery, but more efforts should be made to bridge the digital divide and promote data flow, said industry experts and top company officials on Friday.

“China’s digital economy, which is indeed in the fast lane, has become a new growth driver of the country’s economic growth amid the COVID-19 pandemic. It has and will play an important role in driving economic recovery globally,” said Gong Ke, president of the World Federation of Engineering Organizations and executive director of the Chinese Institute for the New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development strategies.

“While data is an important factor of digital economy, more effort should be made to bridge the digital divide to benefit more user groups. To be specific, we need to improve infrastructure (基础设施) construction and the sharing of computing power from leading companies to smaller ones,” Gong said.

He made the remarks at a sub-forum of the fourth Hongqiao International Economic Forum during the ongoing China International Import Expo in Shanghai.

Liu Jun, president of Bank of Communications, said that a winner-takes-all phenomenon is happening during the development of the platform-based economy because the country’s digital economy has developed at an unparalleled speed with insufficient supervision over the past decade.

“Therefore, it is necessary to break down the existing information barriers to promote the free flow of data. The value of data cannot be maximized if a certain company uses it exclusively. Data from various departments, fields and industries must be fully combined and correlated,” Liu said.

China’s digital economy reached $5.4 trillion last year in terms of market size, which grew 9.6 percent year-on-year, the fastest worldwide, said the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology a government think tank.

Such rapid development of the digital economy has attracted companies from abroad to participate. They are also expected to explore more new opportunities in the Chinese market.

To embrace the trend, Omron Healthcare said it will leverage its technological competence to develop more digital innovations for the Chinese market.

The Japanese industrial automation giant displayed a series of digitalized products, including smart healthcare management terminals and glucose (葡萄糖) meters at the ongoing expo.

“The rapid growth of Chinas trade, including digital trade, has produced a strong spillover effect for the world and it will enable China’s economy to maintain a long-term positive trend and thus make a contribution to global economic growth, said Zhao Yao, general manager of Omron Healthcare China.

The CAICT report also pointed out that China and the United States are leading global development of the digital economy. The two economies also ranked first and second in terms of the market size of digital economy last year.

1. According to what Gong Ke said we may learn that ________.

A．China’s digital economy takes full advantage of the COVID-19 pandemic.

B．Global economic recovery will benefit from China’s digital economy the most.

C．Despite covid-19 China 's digital economy pushes global economic growth ahead.

D．Improving infrastructure construction will benefit Chinese people more from the growth.

2. What can be done to break down the barriers on the way to a further development in digital economy?

A．All tech companies should be put under stricter supervision.

B．It is necessary to stop the free flow of data, which is the existing information barrier.

C．To maximize the value of data tends to be applied exclusively.

D．Sharing and free flow of data should be guaranteed through efficient supervision.

3. What does the underlined word “leverage” mean?

A．discover

B．employ

C．improve

D．study

4. What’s the main idea of the passage?

A．China’s digital economy is now enhancing the world’s economic growth.

B．Nothing can block China’s digital economy development but over strict supervision.

C．Breaking information barriers with supervision can further China’s digital economy healthily.

D．China’s fast development in digital economy attracts more international investments.

10 . Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Seniority in Promotion Is Not a Wise Business Practice

It's not always an easy decision for companies when it comes to filling managerial spots. In the past promoting an employee has been popularly handled by means of basic analysis of the employees' past performance nod seniority, In some cases, the individual's performance has been considered more important while in others the amount of time they have been with the company has been the deciding factor. Nevertheless, seniority is a standard that has never been left out, However, in the contemporary business world, the importance of seniority in promotion is being destroyed as a growing number of companies look outside of their organizations when trying to fill top managerial spots.

Unlike experienced employees who have been with the company for a long time, new people are mare likely generate creative ideas. In rapidly changing markets, innovative and creative talents are sought by many companies in order to adapt to the market. To meet their needs, companies have more to gain by selecting outside employees since they are more willing to try new techniques and less afraid of breaking tradition when introducing new ideas. Thus, rather than promoting existing employees, it might be a wiser management decision to bring in outside talent.

An additional advantage to this new system is that it prevents employees from feeling that they only need to wait for their seniority to provide them with a promotion. Simply put no matter how long they have been with the company, employees have to contribute diligently to the organization if they want to move up the career ladder, As soon as people realize that the company could just as easily bring in a new person, employees will stop judging themselves against each other because they are no longer competing against their colleagues but everyone in the entire industry. As a result, they will begin to show more effort to bring the level of their work up to what they imagine is a much higher standard.

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