1 . The world is a colorful landscape of different languages, skin colors, and different cultures. It's important to have a good understanding of different cultures in order to become a well-rounded person
One way is to read books written by authors from a particular culture. Reading works by authors who have a close relationship with a particular culture allows people to gain an authentic glimpse into the food, music, language, religion, and way of a life of a particular group of people.
Another way to learn about different cultures is to try to learn a foreign language.
Communicating with people from other countries through email or snail mail is another useful way to become familiar with different cultures.
| A．Trying authentic food from a specific cultural group is also a great idea. |
| B．The Internet has made it possible to communicate with others from different countries. |
| C．Making contact with native speakers of the language allows one to gain firsthand knowledge. |
| D．There are several ways to become knowledgeable about different cultures. |
| E．Stories based on a local culture expose one to a different culture. |
| F．One way to develop this appreciation is to try to team about other cultures around the world. |
| G．A variety of language-learning books, software, and audio programs is available. |
2 . Decision-making can be extremely difficult. Decision-making styles are significantly different in different cultures.
In any approach to a problem and in any negotiations, the Western world turns to the "I to you" approach while Japan, the "you to you" approach. The former means both sides present their arguments openly from their own point of view. Naturally, often comes a confrontation (冲突) situation, which Westerners are very skillful in dealing with. The latter is based on each side trying to understand the other person's point of view. Thus, the direction of the meeting is a mutual (相互的) attempt to reduce confrontation and achieve harmony.
Besides, Western decision-making goes mostly from top management and often does not consult middle management or the worker. However, in Japan great consideration is given to the thoughts and opinions of everyone at all levels. Based on "bottom-up direction", ideas can be created at the lowest levels, travel upward through an organization and have an effect on the final decision.
Difference in decision-making also comes from different communication styles. The Japanese business person works to achieve harmony, even if the deal fails, and will spend whatever time is necessary to determine a "you to you" approach, communicating personal views only indirectly. They put a thorough job above the Western deadline approach. So the Japanese are thorough in their meetings. Thus Americans are often annoyed by the many meetings in many Japanese businesses. But where the American is pressing for a specific decision, the Japanese is trying to think up a rather broad direction.
On the other hand, once a given agreement is made, it is the Japanese who sometimes wonder at the slow pace in which Westerners carry out the decision. The Japanese are eager to move forward and Westerners, perhaps, lag behind as they take the time for in-depth planning.
1. A Japanese business bases its decision .| A．on top-down direction | B．on nothing but its workers' views |
| C．on bottom-up direction | D．only on its top leaders' opinions |
| A．face great difficulty in making decisions |
| B．are different in decision-making styles |
| C．have all members contribute to a decision |
| D．have two approaches:"I to you" and "you to I" |
| A．They carry out the decision once it is made. |
| B．There are many meetings in their businesses. |
| C．They work to achieve harmony in doing business. |
| D．They are good at handling confrontation situation. |
| A．positive | B．critical |
| C．negative | D．casual |
内容包括：
1.举办的时间和地点；
2.活动内容和目的；
3.邀请James 一同前往。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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The game of Go (围棋) is an important board game with origins in China from more than 4,000 years ago. In China, Go
Master Go players often feel as if they were playing a real-life game: sometimes one can move forward, while at other times, one must slow down: sometimes one can
The British have many traditions but there is nothing more typical than taking afternoon tea.We know the British have a love affair with drinking tea,
This sociable feast involves drinking good quality tea
Now there is a resurgence（复苏）in its
Writer Henry James once noted that“there are few hours in life more agreeable than the hour devoted to the ceremony known as“afternoon tea”.I’m sure once you try it,you
1.大赛目的和意义；
2.主办方：校学生会。时间：2017年2月10日。地点：校报告厅（assembly hall)；
3.范围：唐诗三百首（Three Hundred Tang Poems)。
注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文流畅。
Notice
Do you want to have a further knowledge of Chinese culture?_____________________________
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7 . Black Friday is the Friday following Thanksgiving Day in the United States. It has been regarded as the beginning of the holiday shopping season. Although it’s not an official holiday, millions of employers give their employees the day off, and many people use that day to get a jump-start on their holiday shopping. A similar day in Canada and Great Britain is called “Boxing Day”.
Black Friday has become somewhat of a marketing sensation(营销效应) in recent years. Since 2005, it has been the busiest shopping day of the year. To lure shoppers, retailers (零售商) routinely open their doors as early as 4 a. m. and offer special sales and promotions to the shoppers that arrive early. Some of the special deals offered by stores are only available in limited quantities. That is why some shoppers intent on getting the best deals often camp out in front of stores overnight so that they’ll be the first in line when the doors open.
But why Black Friday? Historians believe the name started in Philadelphia in the mid-1960s. Bus drivers and police used “Black Friday” to describe the heavy traffic that would block city streets the day after Thanksgiving as shoppers headed to the stores.
Businesses, however, didn’t like the negative tone associated with the “Black Friday” name. In the early 1980s, a more positive explanation of the name began to spread. According to this alternative explanation, Black Friday is the day when retailers finally begin to turn a profit for the year. In accounting terms (会计行业), operating at a loss is called being “in the red” because accountants traditionally used red ink to show negative amounts. Positive amounts were usually shown in black ink. Thus, being “in the black” is a good thing because it means stores are operating at a profit.
Recently, for those who are too busy to shop on Black Friday or who just don’t want to fight the crowds, the Monday following Black Friday has become known as Cyber Monday (网络星期一) for the many online deals.
1. On Black Friday，the Americans .| A．don’t have to go to work as usual |
| B．look exactly like the Canadians |
| C．are usually busy doing shopping |
| D．stay at home and relax themselves |
| A．protect | B．attract |
| C．persuade | D．remind |
| A．It is totally different from Boxing Day. |
| B．They usually lose some money on the day. |
| C．It never keeps them very busy. |
| D．It probably brings them more money. |
| A．state the development of Cyber Monday |
| B．tell the difference between red and black |
| C．introduce Black Friday to the readers |
| D．explain the meaning of Boxing Day |
The Eskimo had taboos connected with almost everything he did. He had to keep them in mind at all times. He believed that to break one would bring disaster. For the Eskimo, it was taboo to store reindeer（驯鹿） and seal (海豹) meat together. He could not even eat them on the same day. He believed the Goddess Sedna had separated the land animals from the sea animals. He thought bringing them together would cause the hunting to be bad.
There were other taboos concerning animals. When a dead seal was brought into the house, the women had to stop working. They had to give its spirit a drink of water. If they did not, the spirit would be angered. It would keep other animals from being caught.
When the Eskimo broken a taboo, he believed a black cloud formed around his head. He had to tell the others in the village what he had done. He thought that if he did not tell his neighbors, they would catch the black cloud. Then the whole village would have bad luck.
1. This passage mainly tells us about ________.
| A．the way the Eskimos treated their neighbours |
| B．the things that the Eskimos could and could not do |
| C．how the Eskimos store their seal meat |
| D．how the Eskimos got along with others |
| A．They went bad easily if they were kept together. |
| B．They thought keeping them together caused bad hunting. |
| C．The Eskimos did not like to eat reindeer or seal meat. |
| D．They did not have big enough rooms to store them. |
| A．the spirit of the dead seal enjoyed drinking water |
| B．the spirit of the dead seal would be angry if he was not given water |
| C．the seal was dead, but its spirit was still alive |
| D．the Eskimos believed that animals had spirits |
| A．There are many black clouds where the Eskimos live. |
| B．The Eskimos like land animals better than sea animals. |
| C．Taboos are of great importance to some people. |
| D．The Eskimo taboos are about everything on earth. |
