1 . We should pay attention to different customs in different cultures. For example, in America, if you are invited to a wedding, baby shower, bar mitzvah (成年礼) or other ______, you’re expected to bring a gift. Usually, it should be modest in _______, about $25.

For a ______, the bride will often have “registered” a list of gifts at a local department store, indicating the items she ________. When you buy a registered item, tell the store that you’re doing this, so the couple doesn’t receive the ________ gift twice. For a baby shower, bring a gift ________ for a newborn baby. For a bar mitzvah, bring a gift appropriate for a 13-year-old boy. Because they are such important occasions, gifts for bar mitzvahs tend to be more ________, for example, a lovely pen with the boy’s full name on it is very meaningful and will be ________ by him.

If you wish to give a gift to American friends, choose something that is ________ to your country. It needn’t be valuable or ________, just typical of your home land. Such ________ include a book about your country, an inexpensive souvenir, or something else that reflects the ________ of your country. Young children who like collecting will probably be very ________ with a set of your country’s coins or stamps. Items that are ________ in your country but difficult to find abroad are also good.

If staying with an American family, a good way of ________ your thanks is to take them to a form of ________, such as a basketball game or a concert.

When giving gifts to a business acquaintance, don’t ________ anything too personal, ________ for a woman. A scarf or a hat is okay, but other types of ________ are not. Something fit for the office is also _________.

1.

A．activities

B．gatherings

C．parties

D．celebrations

2.

A．size

B．value

C．weight

D．appearance

3.

A．festival

B．marriage

C．wedding

D．meeting

4.

A．prefers

B．owns

C．uses

D．imagines

5.

A．latest

B．best

C．same

D．similar

6.

A．eager

B．suitable

C．famous

D．expensive

7.

A．modest

B．cheerful

C．normal

D．formal

8.

A．appreciated

B．recognized

C．designed

D．refused

9.

A．convenient

B．beneficial

C．unique

D．typical

10.

A．colorful

B．rare

C．heavy

D．nice

11.

A．chances

B．conditions

C．goals

D．gifts

12.

A．character

B．interest

C．culture

D．progress

13.

A．annoyed

B．impressed

C．amused

D．puzzled

14.

A．limited

B．banned

C．common

D．priceless

15.

A．expressing

B．suggesting

C．offering

D．expecting

16.

A．education

B．discussion

C．exercise

D．entertainment

17.

A．choose

B．show

C．sell

D．write

18.

A．directly

B．particularly

C．skillfully

D．extremely

19.

A．clothing

B．presents

C．forms

D．equipment

20.

A．unsuitable

B．unreasonable

C．enjoyable

D．acceptable

2 . Facial expressions _______ meaning that is determined by situations and relationships. For example in American culture the smile is _______ an expression of pleasure. Yet it also has other uses. A woman’s smile at a police officer does not have the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child. A smile may show love or politeness. It can also _______ true feelings. It often causes _______ across cultures. For example, many people in Russia _______ smiling at strangers in public to be _______ and even improper. Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places (although this is less common in big cities). Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the _______ places; some Americans believe that Russians don’t smile enough. In Southeast Asian cultures, a smile is frequently used to _______ painful feelings. _______ people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile.

Our __________ show emotions (情感), but we should not __________ to “read” people from another culture as we would “read” someone from our own culture. The __________ that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as members of another do does not mean that they do not __________ emotions.

__________, there are cultural differences in the amount of facial expressions permitted. For example, in public and in __________ situations many Japanese do not show their emotions as freely as Americans do. When with friends, Japanese and Americans seem to show their emotions __________.

It is __________ to generalize about Americans and facial expressiveness __________ personal and cultural differences in the United States. People from certain cultural backgrounds in the United States seem to be more __________ expressive than others. The key is to try not to judge people whose ways of showing emotions are different. If we judge according to our own cultural habits, we may make the __________ of “reading” the other person incorrectly.

1.

A．speak

B．carry

C．expose

D．bring

2.

A．on the basis

B．in return

C．on the contrary

D．in general

3.

A．hide

B．deliver

C．convey

D．escape

4.

A．offence

B．doubt

C．confusion

D．curiosity

5.

A．claim

B．admit

C．discover

D．consider

6.

A．unusual

B．normal

C．common

D．meaningless

7.

A．public

B．wrong

C．certain

D．proper

8.

A．cover

B．avoid

C．ignore

D．stop

9.

A．Americans

B．Germans

C．Vietnamese

D．Russians

10.

A．bodies

B．eyes

C．faces

D．gestures

11.

A．manage

B．attempt

C．encourage

D．advise

12.

A．fact

B．story

C．truth

D．habit

13.

A．deserve

B．survive

C．suffer

D．experience

14.

A．Then

B．Rather

C．Therefore

D．Instead

15.

A．casual

B．private

C．hard

D．formal

16.

A．differently

B．willingly

C．similarly

D．personally

17.

A．easy

B．difficult

C．impossible

D．important

18.

A．at the risk of

B．regardless of

C．in spite of

D．because of

19.

A．facially

B．physically

C．mentally

D．psychologically

20.

A．point

B．difference

C．mistake

D．effort

3 . If you’re a fan of football, you might have wondered how it began. I went to Atherstone, a town in the heart of England, to see the _______ of the game. It takes place _______ on Shrove Tuesday, and if you had lived there eight hundred years ago, you would have _______ exactly the same game being played.

_______ the game, all the shopkeepers in the town’s main street, Long Street, _______ their shops to make way for the event. At half past two, sweets and coins were thrown out of the windows of Barclays Bank to local _______ waiting below. Like every year, they were given the day off school _______. After children moved back from the centre of the street, men and boys _______ instead. The crowd began a countdown. At three o'clock, a ball too heavy to kick very far was _______ from Barclays Bank too. For the next two hours, the ________ would be a moving mass of bodies, all fighting to ________ the ball.

The men who ________ are usually from Atherstone, or from nearby. Players often work ________, in family groups or pub connections, but there aren’t any official ________. The game itself has only two ________: play is limited to Long Street and participants are not allowed to ________ anyone. To begin with, the players were a little ________, but as the time progressed, things got serious. When the final whistle sounded at 5:00 pm, the winner, who had ________ to hold the ball until the end, was found from the bottom of a pile of men. After the fierce contest, his T-shirt had been completely ________. One player suffered a head injury and others had black eyes and slight injuries. ________, everyone was happy.

1.

A．outcome

B．beauty

C．influence

D．ancestor

2.

A．annually

B．weekly

C．monthly

D．quarterly

3.

A．won

B．seen

C．held

D．developed

4.

A．Apart from

B．Next to

C．Instead of

D．Ahead of

5.

A．decorated

B．shared

C．closed

D．left

6.

A．reporters

B．teachers

C．shopkeepers

D．children

7.

A．immediately

B．specially

C．hardly

D．equally

8.

A．gathered

B．danced

C．drank

D．shouted

9.

A．borrowed

B．stolen

C．thrown

D．bought

10.

A．street

B．center

C．park

D．town

11.

A．hit

B．pass

C．get

D．head

12.

A．watch

B．play

C．wait

D．disappear

13.

A．together

B．alone

C．silently

D．patiently

14.

A．powers

B．records

C．policies

D．teams

15.

A．aims

B．stages

C．rules

D．functions

16.

A．hurt

B．kill

C．meet

D．bother

17.

A．tired

B．upset

C．cautious

D．curious

18.

A．managed

B．agreed

C．expected

D．refused

19.

A．covered

B．made

C．washed

D．destroyed

20.

A．Therefore

B．However

C．At first

D．After all

4 . Every year, families across the US and the UK hang up little strange-shaped pickles (腌黄瓜) to decorate their Christmas trees. The practice is ______ by many English-speaking families, and is thought to be brought over from _______.

The tradition involves hiding the pickle ornament(装饰品) among the branches, and _____ the child who finds it with the chance to open gifts first. It’s also believed that person will get good   ____   for the year.

The origin of the   ______, however, is a bit confusing. In fact, it doesn’t seem to have actually   _____ in Germany at all, since most Germans don’t practice it. In 2016, a survey conducted among 2,057 Germans found that 91 percent had never even heard of it.

Another   ____   is that the tradition of   _____ a pickle didn’t actually start in Germany, but with a German immigrant in the US. The ______ goes that a German man named John Lower   _____ to the US and became ill when he was in prison during the Civil War. He ______ a guard to give him a pickle as a last meal, but he _____surviving. After being _______, he honored that pickle by starting his own ______ tradition of hiding a pickle in his Christmas tree for the kids ---- saying ______ found it would have the same good ______ he did.

Of course, that story is also _______, and could just be a tale coming out nowhere to explain the pickles later on. According to Wide Open Country, the whole pickle game was most ______ a marketing trick to sell German glass ornaments to Americans.

It was said to be ______ by F.W. Woolworth when the store began importing the ornaments in 1880. Each one would come with a card telling the story of the tradition.

Whether the tradition is real or manufactured, pickle ornaments have become ______ everywhere.

1.

A．interrupted

B．mentioned

C．favored

D．suspected

2.

A．Germany

B．America

C．England

D．Australia

3.

A．pleasing

B．winning

C．rewarding

D．encouraging

4.

A．fame

B．luck

C．fate

D．life

5.

A．congratulation

B．expectation

C．situation

D．tradition

6.

A．originated

B．concluded

C．borrowed

D．dated

7.

A．custom

B．routine

C．performance

D．story

8.

A．decorating

B．hanging

C．manufacturing

D．purchasing

9.

A．program

B．inspiration

C．legend

D．intention

10.

A．fled

B．slipped

C．escaped

D．immigrated

11.

A．persuaded

B．advised

C．commanded

D．urged

12.

A．gave up

B．ended up

C．set up

D．showed up

13.

A．removed

B．rejected

C．regained

D．released

14.

A．country

B．family

C．hometown

D．community

15.

A．whatever

B．whichever

C．whoever

D．whomever

16.

A．fortune

B．possibility

C．experience

D．destiny

17.

A．disappeared

B．disapproved

C．unexpected

D．unconfirmed

18.

A．appropriately

B．approximately

C．likely

D．exactly

19.

A．created

B．imagined

C．instructed

D．directed

20.

A．particular

B．popular

C．familiar

D．regular

5 . There are so many spring festivals around the country centered on gardening, bluegrass, wine and food, or Earth Day. But if you visit western Colorado's Grand Valley, you'll see a festival     _______to sharing. Congregants（集会者） of more than 100 area churches have decided to_______   what they believe in.

Called ShareFest, the event brings volunteers from different_________for a busy but_______   weekend of house repair, painting, gardening and more. The idea was _______put forward by a group of pastors（牧师） in central Arkansas and was finally_________by First Presbyterian Colorado churches in 2007. A group of people from church decided to offer_______to a local school. Teachers needed desks washed and other work done. And so it began.

Churches have been___________flyers(传单) in their area over the past several months so that people in need can either post their_________for help on a central website or call the team for     ________. Teams of church members "adopt" neighborhoods or organizations to help with those wishes. Project leaders then visit to ________ what materials and time are needed.

Past__________included everything from making the bed for an elderly woman to painting a building, which required 30 gallons of paint. Local businesses__________materials. Participants don't have to be big and strong-or even__________.   In past years, five-year-olds picked up leaves in neighbors' yards. Seniors created care packages for college__________with blue books for tests and other__________that could help them through finals.

The two-day event__________with a prayer and a cheer. Then Saturday morning, volunteers       ________the streets and homes around the town, starting doing voluntary work.

People come together to make a corner of the world a bit________. What a great way to   ________spring!

1.

A．exposed

B．contrary

C．opposite

D．committed

2.

A．praise

B．challenge

C．practice

D．correct

3.

A．companies

B．churches

C．schools

D．gardens

4.

A．meaningful

B．sensitive

C．relaxing

D．tiring

5.

A．gradually

B．eventually

C．originally

D．regularly

6.

A．accepted

B．supposed

C．assessed

D．adjusted

7.

A．inspiration

B．help

C．advice

D．encouragement

8.

A．seeking

B．throwing

C．sweeping

D．distributing

9.

A．struggles

B．responsibilities

C．requests

D．excuses

10.

A．communication

B．comprehension

C．circulation

D．registration

11.

A．predict

B．bargain

C．recognize

D．determine

12.

A．conclusions

B．expectations

C．serwces

D．experiences

13.

A．donated

B．defended

C．exchanged

D．consumed

14.

A．peace-loving

B．grown-up

C．kind-hearted

D．new-born

15.

A．visitors

B．students

C．professors

D．workers

16.

A．supplies

B．decorations

C．presents

D．awards

17.

A．breaks down

B．goes away

C．kicks off

D．catches on

18.

A．make

B．put

C．rob

D．hit

19.

A．greener

B．better

C．nearer

D．faster

20.

A．celebrate

B．describe

C．occupy

D．discover

6 . 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。

I was a single parent of four small children, working at a low-paid job. But I didn’t want my children to know we were poor, so when Christmas was drawing near, I decided to give them some money to buy some_______.

They planned weeks ahead of time, asking_______what they wanted for Christmas. Luckily, I had saved＄120 for_______to share by all five of us. The big_______arrived. I gave each kid a twenty-dollar bill and_______them to look for gifts of about four dollars each. Then everyone scattered (散开). We had two hours to shop, then we would_______back at the “Santa’s Workshop”.

Driving home, everyone was in high Christmas spirits,_______my younger daughter, Ginger, who was unusually_______. She had only one small, flat bag with a few candies, fifty-cent candies! I was so angry, but I didn^’t say anything_______we got home. I called her into my bedroom and closed the door,________to be angry again. This is what she told me.

“I was looking________thinking of what to buy, and I________to read the little cards on the ‘Giving Trees’. One was for a little girl, four years old, and all she________for Christmas was a doll (玩具娃娃). So I took the card off the tree and________the doll for her. We have so much and she doesn^’t have anything.”

I never felt so________as I did that day.

1.

A．gifts

B．flowers

C．candies

D．books

2.

A．the other

B．each other

C．one by one

D．every other one

3.

A．toys

B．clothes

C．presents

D．bills

4.

A．day

B．chance

C．cheque

D．tree

5.

A．forced

B．reminded

C．invited

D．begged

6.

A．draw

B．stay

C．move

D．meet

7.

A．including

B．besides

C．except

D．regarding

8.

A．quiet

B．excited

C．happy

D．ashamed

9.

A．since

B．after

C．while

D．until

10.

A．waiting

B．ready

C．hoping

D．afraid

11.

A．out

B．over

C．forward

D．around

12.

A．forgot

B．stopped

C．failed

D．hated

13.

A．wanted

B．did

C．got

D．played

14.

A．made

B．searched

C．bought

D．fetched

15.

A．angry

B．rich

C．patient

D．bitter

7 . Do you know that body language accounts for over 90% of a convention? That's why communicating face to face is always better than a telephone conversation ____ if you are trying to sell something!
Your body language will give others a general ____ of you and it will also show your emotions. It's very difficult to make your body ____ It's easy to tell the difference between a ____ smile of pleasure and a false smile. So if you understand body language codes (密码), it is usually possible to know what someone really ____, whatever they may be saying with ____
Although much of our body language is universal, a lot is also ____ Culture codes vary from one country to another and they can ____misunderstandings. Even simple gestures may have a completely different meaning in other parts of the world. For example, the circle ____made with three raised fingers means " OK" in the United States. But it is not universal. In Brazil, Greece and Germany it is a ____gesture showing disrespect and in Japan it means "money"!
In many Asian cultures, it is not appropriate for men and women to touch in public. Therefore, displays of affection such as ____ hands or kissing are not ____ In some parts of Asia,____, it is common for people of the same sex to hold hands as a sign of ____
Greetings vary according to the country and the sex of the people involved. In the west, it is appropriate to shake hands when you ____ someone for the first time and both men and women can ____ a handshake. In Indonesia, for example, a man will not offer a handshake to an Indonesian woman ____they are in a business situation.
If you want to avoid making ______ mistakes when you travel to other countries, you should ____their basic cultures before you leave. If you do this, you are less likely to ____ people.1.

A．namely

B．particularly

C．importantly

D．practically

2.

A．imagination

B．description

C．expression

D．impression

3.

A．lie

B．talk

C．act

D．conduct

4.

A．polite

B．shy

C．sincere

D．ready

5.

A．cares

B．means

C．shows

D．considers

6.

A．words

B．examples

C．feelings

D．movements

7.

A．exact

B．foreign

C．cultural

D．similar

8.

A．clear up

B．cut down

C．refer to

D．lead to

9.

A．sign

B．mark

C．shape

D．figure

10.

A．helpless

B．rude

C．dangerous

D．casual

11.

A．shaking

B．touching

C．raising

D．holding

12.

A．comfortable

B．suitable

C．acceptable

D．reasonable

13.

A．therefore

B．otherwise

C．however

D．besides

14.

A．friendship

B．love

C．admiration

D．concern

15.

A．know

B．introduce

C．approach

D．meet

16.

A．suggest

B．start

C．demand

D．follow

17.

A．unless

B．until

C．if

D．while

18.

A．surprising

B．disappointing

C．embarrassing

D．laughing

19.

A．experience

B．develop

C．respect

D．understand

20.

A．worry

B．hurt

C．affect

D．Disturb

8 . Centuries ago, a group of people left India. No one really knows ____ Over time, they journeyed west to Europe, where most have ____ ever since. These people called themselves the Roma. ____ Europeans, thinking they came from Egypt, called them “gypsies.” Many people think of gypsies as ____ groups of people. They are associated with colorful clothing, fortune telling and music. But this is not the real ____ of Roma culture.
In fact, not all Roma are ____ Those in Western Europe have historically moved from place to place. But others who _____ in Eastern Europe built homes and stayed in one place. Roma culture ____ among regions. But most speak both the language of the ____ people and their own language, Romany.
For centuries, Roma practiced ____ trades. Some were horse traders or musicians. Others made things out of metal or wood. But today, Roma may be found in any ____
Each Roma settlement developed its own ____ style, combining local music with Roma traditions. These styles often sound ____ to the music of the surrounding culture. However, most Roma music ____ some characteristics, including the timing of the notes and the harmonies. Roma music has also affected the music of other ____ Roma influences have shaped European folk and classical music and even some American styles.
Like people of many cultures, the Roma love to tell ____ Their conversations often include brief references ____ tales that the entire settlement knows. But they also tell long stories during the evenings or while working. Some stories are funny, others ____ Roma traditions.
Over the years, the Roma have ____ many challenges. Their neighbors did not ____ them and even accused them of being thieves. Today, many face poverty, prejudice and other problems. Nevertheless, the Roma people are proud of their history and their rich culture.1.

A．when

B．why

C．where

D．how

2.

A．died

B．visited

C．left

D．lived

3.

A．So

B．Or

C．But

D．Then

4.

A．wandering

B．challenging

C．encouraging

D．inspiring

5.

A．life

B．article

C．picture

D．attitude

6.

A．farmers

B．travelers

C．musicians

D．tailors

7.

A．begged

B．learned

C．toured

D．settled

8.

A．varies

B．spreads

C．passes

D．divides

9.

A．Indian

B．travelling

C．surrounding

D．Egyptian

10.

A．traditional

B．illegal

C．international

D．fair

11.

A．occasion

B．profession

C．village

D．town

12.

A．cultural

B．social

C．agricultural

D．musical

13.

A．strange

B．different

C．similar

D．natural

14.

A．shares

B．spares

C．speaks

D．seeks

15.

A．tribes

B．cultures

C．groups

D．religions

16.

A．lies

B．fortunes

C．gossips

D．stories

17.

A．at

B．in

C．for

D．to

18.

A．write down

B．get away

C．take in

D．pass down

19.

A．faced

B．overcome

C．fought

D．welcomed

20.

A．fear

B．help

C．accept

D．support