1 . Symptoms of Culture Shock and Their Stages
Like any new experience, there’s a feeling of euphoria (兴高采烈) when you first arrive in a new country and you’re in awe of the differences you see and experience.
The Distress Stage
Everything you’re experiencing no longer feels new; in fact, it’s starting to feel like a thick wall that’s preventing you from experiencing things. You feel confused, alone, and realize that the familiar support systems are not easily available.
Re-integration Stage
During this stage, you start refusing to accept the differences you meet.
Autonomy Stage
This is the first stage of acceptance. It’s the emergence stage when you start to rise above the clouds and finally begin to feel like yourself again. You start to accept the differences and feel like you can begin to live with them.
Independence Stage
A.You are yourself again! |
B.You feel excited, stimulated, and enriched. |
C.You feel more confident and better able to handle any problems that may arise. |
D.You are still what you are and there is no change at all. |
E.You are like a baby. |
F.You’re angry, frustrated, and even feel hostile (敌对的) to those around you. |
2 . Culture shock is an experience a person may have when one moves to a cultural environment which is different from one’s own; it is also the personal disorientation a person may feel when experiencing an unfamiliar way of life due to immigration or a visit to a new country, a move between social environments, or simply transition to another type of life. One of the most common causes of culture shock involves individuals in a foreign environment. Culture shock can be described as consisting of at least one of four distinct phases: honeymoon, negotiation, adjustment, and adaptation.
Cross-cultural communication is a field of study that looks at how people from differing cultural backgrounds communicate, in similar and different ways among themselves, and how they make efforts to communicate across cultures. Intercultural communication is a related field of study.
Culture shock is a very real experience for many people who move to another country. Anyone who has lived or studied or even travelled extensively in another country has tasted and lived through some level of culture shock. At the time it may feel more like homesickness, but what most people who haven’t undergone any kind of adaptation program don’t know are the stages one goes through when adjusting to a new language, country, and culture.
1. What is the passage mainly about?A.Cross-cultural communication. | B.Cultural environment. |
C.Cultural shock. | D.Intercultural communication. |
A.A couple go on a photography team overseas. |
B.A student studies in a foreign country. |
C.An American settled down in China twenty years ago. |
D.A teacher teaches foreign culture courses. |
A.A branch of intercultural communication study. |
B.A study of people from different countries. |
C.A study of communication across cultures. |
D.A study of differences between Western and Eastern culture. |
A.Cultural shock will happen to everyone. |
B.Cultural shock is like a kind of homesickness. |
C.Varying stages are necessary to go through culture shock. |
D.People may taste culture shock when they travel abroad. |
3 . What is culture shock? It is a phenomenon that all types of outside experience, no matter if people work abroad for the first time or they are new in the field of foreign assignments. Often, it is the deeper cultural differences in mindset, customs and interpersonal interaction that lead to this phenomenon(现象)and turn cultural transition into a struggle.
◇An Emotional Roller-coaster(过山车)
Whereas every expatriate(侨民, 旅居国外者)will experience some form of culture shock, not everyone goes through all the well—known stages. Culture shock is a sense of anxiety and nervousness caused by being exposed to a strange environment and culture. However, it’s an essential part of the transition process: A willingness to work through it is the first step towards integration(融合).
Those who refuse to face it often fail to overcome it. This may result in great disillusionment. For some, the only logical solution is then going back home before the end of their assignment. Such expatriate failures occur particularly often in cases where the cultures of home and host country differ greatly.
The first step towards fighting this unavoidable phenomenon is to ask yourself “What is culture shock?” and try to understand it. Most experts describe it as a roller-coaster riding process where they experience waves of positive and negative feelings.
◇Minimizing the Effects
Culture shock is not a myth, but a predictable phenomenon. Anybody who spends more than just a vacation abroad has to go through it. Those who receive the least support on a professional and personal basis are usually hit the hardest. Expatriate spouses(配偶)in particular often feel lonely and angry when they experience life in a new cultural environment. If expatriates learn about the culture and people in their host countries in advance, they will be less shocked by obvious differences in social customs, religion, language or food.
1. What does the underlined word “outside“ in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A.outdoors | B.strange | C.overseas | D.special |
A.cannot answer the question “What is culture shock” |
B.faces culture shock fearlessly |
C.is careful and stays away from culture shock |
D.tries to ignore culture shock |
A.Culture shock is everywhere and we can’t avoid it. |
B.As long as you come from a foreign country, the degree of being hit by culture shock remains the same. |
C.One thing we can do to get less hurt by culture shock is to learn ahead of time. |
D.Family members such as husbands or wives of the expatriates usually get less culture shock. |
4 . It’s been nearly two decades since the traditional clothing style Hanfu first started to reemerge in China. Since then it has gone from a small cultural movement celebrating an ancient fashion to a trend that is booming on social media, having been adopted by China’s Generation Z as a means of connecting with their past. Instead of following other cultures blindly, Generation Z now have different opinions about what trend is by promoting local culture while having an objective view of exotic cultural products.
The new tastes of Generation Z—young people born after 1995—are well represented on Bilibili. In the recent New Year’s Eve gala presented by Bilibili, it attracted more than 100 million views within 48 hours with a colourful set of programmes ranging from Peking Opera to classical Chinese cartoons. The same is also true of movie industry. Last year, for the first time, the top 10 most viewed films in China were all domestic films, while the ticket sales for imported films have dropped to only 16.28 percent.
”Generation Z grew up with the rapid development of China and under good economic conditions. With the development of the Chinese Internet industry, they have more access to diverse international information and culture, which bring them a much broader vision and makes them more open and confident in analyzing foreign culture. Apart from taking pride in China’s rapid development, this generation also pursues individuality and values devotion to the country,“ Professor Zhang Yiwu said.
He also noted that the popular rock and punk culture pursued by the 70s and 80s generation is more of a challenge against real life and local culture. Some people who were born in the 1970s and 1980s did not grow up in the Internet age—they experienced the transformation of China going from poor to rich first-hand. This kind of longing and admiration of the West came from a lack of confidence.
However, Generation Z now have the confidence to look at Western culture with equal status. This kind of cultural confidence will result in China being more active and creative in its development on the international stage in the future.
1. What does the underlined word ”exotic“ in Paragraph 1 mean?A.Foreign. | B.Fashionable. | C.Traditional. | D.Elegant. |
A.To confirm the rise of new media. |
B.To promote Chinese Internet industry. |
C.To highlight the popularity of domestic art. |
D.To show the popularity of New Year’s Eve gala. |
A.They have a stronger cultural identity. |
B.They are longing for cultural diversity. |
C.They have made China develop rapidly. |
D.They are more fond of foreign culture. |
A.Confident China, Better Future |
B.China’s Progress Results in Cultural Confidence |
C.China’s New Generation Redefine Local Culture as Trendy |
D.Hanfu Style, Connector of Ancient Fashion and Modern Trend |
5 . Why did Chinese people have more than one name in ancient times?
In ancient China, people’s names had three parts, their family name, given name and courtesy name. Take famous poet Li Bai for example. His family name, which came from his father’s name, was Li. His given name was Bai, and his courtesy name was Taibai.
People used their given names when they were among family members. But in social life, they called each other by their courtesy names to show respect. This was mostly done among people of similar ages. If you were talking about yourself, or if your elders were talking about you, the given name would be used instead of the courtesy name.
Men would get their courtesy names when they turned 20. It was a symbol of adulthood (成年礼). Women would get their courtesy names after getting married.
One’s courtesy name often had something to do with one’s given name. For example, the name of Mencius was Meng Ke. His courtesy name was Ziyu. Both Ke and Ziyu mean “carriage (马车)”. Zhuge Liang’s given name was Liang, which means “bright”. His courtesy name was Kongming, which means “very bright”.
1. How many parts are there in people’s names in ancient China?A.3. | B.4. | C.5. | D.6. |
A.To show their love. | B.To show their good relationship. |
C.To show their kindness. | D.To show their respect. |
A.Family name. | B.Nickname. |
C.Given name. | D.Courtesy name. |
A.By telling stories. | B.By giving examples. |
C.By comparing differences. | D.By listing numbers. |
6 . The Double Ninth Festival falls on the ninth day of the ninth month in the Chinese lunar calendar. According to tradition, we should celebrate the festival by going mountain climbing. How many people today still keep this tradition?
Finally, traditional festivals area source of national pride and help shape (塑造) our national identity. For example, we celebrate the Hanshi Festival and the Lab a Festival with unique customs, and these shared experiences bring us together as a people.
Traditional festivals have been passed down to us from previous generations. It is the duty of every one of us to protect them for generations to come.
A.Many young people celebrate western festivals. |
B.Traditional festivals can help develop our economy. |
C.Traditional festivals teach us a lot about our nation’s history. |
D.People will come back home even if they live very far away. |
E.Traditional festivals tell us who we are and fill us with pride in being Chinese. |
F.In modern society, many traditional Chinese festivals are becoming less and less popular. |
G.If we don’t pay much attention to these traditional festivals, some customs may fade away. |
7 . The Mogao Grottoes were a center of Buddhist life and some of the world’s great cultures for hundreds of years. However, by the late Qing Dynasty they had been abandoned and nearly forgotten and many of the caves had become damaged by the elements. Around 1900, with the discovery of a library of thousands of ancient documents, the caves received new interest from Chinese and foreign researchers. Unfortunately, this resulted in tens of thousands of items from the caves being taken to foreign museums
In the 1940s, many researchers and artists visited the area to study traditional Chinese art. Copies of some of the artwork painted by respected artists such as Zhang Daqian and GuanShanyue helped people all over the country learn about Dunhuang. These artists were also inspired by the artwork they saw in the caves and it began to influence their painting styles. Others staved in the desert for much longer, Chang Shuhong stayed for the rest of his life — struggling to record the cultural treasures and protect them from the weather. As a result of their efforts the Dunhuang Academy was formed to protect and study the Mogao Grottoes.
In 1987, the Mogao Grottoes were named a UNESCO World Heritage Site. While the caves are open to the public, access is now limited in order to protect the artwork. However, the caves can be seen online in digital form so that people around the world can study and enjoy them.
Despite its remoteness, the Mogao Grottoes continue to draw visitors. And just as the sand and desert have survived largely unchanged through the centuries, this small art gallery in the desert has also survived largely unchanged providing an amazing look at a world long ago past.
1. When did the Mogao Grottoes regain the world’s attention?A.Hundreds of years ago. |
B.In the late Qing Dynasty. |
C.In the late eighties of the 20th century. |
D.Around the beginning of the 20th century. |
A.To learn about their works. |
B.To show how hard they worked. |
C.To compare their different styles. |
D.To appreciate their contributions. |
A.they can do researches online |
B.they can enjoy the digital versions |
C.they can watch copies in art galleries |
D.they can study them in foreign museums |
A.The Mogao Grottoes — Center of Buddhist Life |
B.The Mogao Grottoes — Art Gallery in the Desert |
C.Respected artists — Protectors of the Mogao Grottoes |
D.An Amazing Tourist Attraction — The Mogao Grottoes |
8 . The Miao Sisters Festival is held every year in Guizhou’s Taijiang County, where 97 percent of the 168,000 people there are from the ethnic (民族) Miao group.It is an ancient tradition, which brings men and women together through food, gifts and music.
In the days before the festival, young women gather leaves and wild flowers, which they use to dye (给……染色) sticky rice with bright colours. This brightly coloured rice, known as Sister Rice, gives the festival its name. During the festival, the young women dress in beautiful traditional clothes with large amounts of silver jewelry.
The festival includes parades, horse races and musical performances. But the real focus is the interaction between the young women and the young men who visit from surrounding villages and sing songs.In one traditional type of song, a man and woman take turns singing to each other, and the first one to make a mistake loses the game.The loser must give the winner a gift, but the winner is expected to give a gift in return too.
After meeting the men, the women send them home with a bamboo basket containing dyed rice and hidden objects with special meanings. For example, a pair of chopsticks means she wants to marry the man, while garlic shows that she is not interested.
One of several stories is about the festival’s beginning of a girl and a boy who fell in love. The girl’s parents wanted her to marry her uncle’s son as it was traditional at the time. She refused, and the boy likewise refused to marry anyone else. For a time, they could only meet in a field and pass hidden messages to each other through rice in a bamboo basket. Finally, the pair overcame their parents’ opposition and were allowed to marry.
The Miao Sisters Festival is perhaps the oldest festival in Asia that encourages love.
1. What is the purpose of young women collecting leaves and wild flowers?A.To decorate their rooms. |
B.To sell them and make money. |
C.To give sticky rice different colours. |
D.To cover some objects in a basket. |
A.Water skiing. | B.Horse races. |
C.Parades. | D.Singing songs. |
A.A woman often loses the game. |
B.A hidden pair of chopsticks suggests good things. |
C.The winner need not send a gift. |
D.Often a man needs to sing songs to a young woman. |
A.The boy’s parents didn’t like the girl. |
B.They were not married in the end. |
C.The boy refused to marry the girl at first. |
D.The rice in the bamboo basket carried their love. |
9 . Have you ever had this kind of childhood memory: a family sits together casually, drinking and tasting tea after lunch or dinner?
After being spread to different parts of the world,
Traditional tea processing techniques and associated social practices in China consist of the knowledge, skills and practices concerning the management of tea plantations (茶园) as well as the picking of tea leaves, manual processing, drinking, and sharing of tea, noted UNESCO.
Weilu zhucha is a replacement in the cold seasons for the camping craze. Sitting around a stove, boiling some tea, people chat, admire the scenery and immerse themselves in traditional Chinese culture by boiling tea together in person. “
A.Take tea making for example. |
B.This can be fully shown by weilu zhucha. |
C.tea is common in Chinese people’s daily lives. |
D.It’s good to feel the warm atmosphere when boiling tea. |
E.China now has 43 items on the intangible cultural heritage list. |
F.tea has delighted and fascinated the world for a thousand years. |
G.This has been a daily activity for Chinese people throughout their history. |
10 . Christmas Activities for Adults
·Organise a Charity Show
Christmas is about spreading joy and love, and it’s also about giving. We give our family presents on this day to show them happiness and love, don’t we? But have you ever wondered how the poor celebrate their Christmas? Does Santa leave gifts for them too?
·Visit Orphanages(孤儿院)and Old Age Homes
Christmas is an occasion for the entire family to come together and celebrate. More than the celebration, we look forward to being near our close ones.
·Start a Donation Drive
If you have the time, organise a donation drive in your locality. A lot of people will want to donate clothes , accessories (衣服的配饰)and other necessary items.
A.Shopping is an entirely different experience during Christmas. |
B.With Christmas just around the corner, it is time for us to plan our holidays. |
C.Along with gifts, if you donate these to people as well, it will really make a difference. |
D.Now that you know these activities, you can select a few of them to keep yourself busy. |
E.As for charity, you can arrange for a show in your circle of friends or in your neighbourhood. |
F.Gifting something to your family members, friends and colleagues is important during Christmas. |
G.The same joy can be shared with people who don’t have the company of their family on this happy occasion. |