1 . In the home country, a common language gives you the ability to communicate easily with the people around you; and you learn something about your country’s history, people’s habits, likes and dislikes, customs and traditions. This understanding influences your own behavior, and what you expect of others.
Living abroad, it doesn’t take long to realize that many things don’t “work” the same, especially when moving from “the West” to “the East”. Besides a different language, each country has its own social system and laws and ways of solving problems. You will find some of them strange and alien. Sometimes you may feel uncomfortable because you realize that things are not the same as you think they are supposed to be. This is what has become known as “Culture Shock”.
Living in an environment with an unfamiliar(不熟悉的) culture can cause stress, anxiety or worse-mental or physical illness in some cases. Culture shock is the shock of experiencing an unknown or new culture. Cross-culture Adjustment is the period of anxiety, great pain and confusion suffered when entering a new culture. It can have effects on a person’s emotions and behavior. You should learn to accept and try to be used to different situations. One thing is certain: it is far easier to accept the new order of things than to try to change it.
Most Asian people can bear foreigners and accept their strange habits and behavior, not only because it might be to their benefit but out of natural politeness and restraint(克制) in front of others. Westerners should not make use of this. They must try to accept and obey local rules and rules of behavior.
1. What lesson can we draw from the text?| A．A friend in need is a friend indeed. |
| B．Where there is a will, there is a way. |
| C．When in Rome, do as the Romans do. |
| D．Good friends do not add up what they do for each other. |
| A．Different. | B．Easy. | C．Difficult. | D．Empty. |
| A．Entertainment. | B．Science. | C．Culture. | D．Lifestyle. |
2 . One of the most firmly established idea of manliness(男子汉) is that a real man doesn’t cry. Although he might cry a bit at a funeral, he is expected to quickly regain control. Crying openly is for girls. One study found that women cry significantly more than men do—five times as often, on average, and almost twice as long per period.
Historically, however, men usually cried, and no one saw it as shameful. For example, in the Middle Ages, knights(骑士) cried only because they missed their girlfriends. In The Knight of the Cart, no less a hero than Lancelot cries at a brief separation from Guinevere. There’s no mention of the men in these stories trying to hold back or hide their tears. They cry in a crowded hall with their heads held high. Nor do other people make fun of this public crying; it’s universally regarded as an expression of feeling to show love.
So where did all the male tears go? The most obvious possibility is that this is the result of changes as we moved from an agricultural(农业的) society to one that was urban(城市的)and industrial(工业的). In the Middle Ages, most people spent their lives among those they had known since birth. If men cried, they did so with people who would sympathize(同情). But from the 18th to 20th centuries, the population became increasingly urbanize, and people were living in the midst of thousands of strangers. Furthermore, changes in the economy required men to work together in factories and offices where expressions of feelings and even personal conversations were discouraged as time wasting.
Yet human beings weren’t designed to hide their feelings, and there’s reason to believe that restraining tears can be harmful to your well-being. Research from the 1980s has suggested a relationship between stress-related illnesses and not enough crying. Crying is also, somewhat related with happiness and wealth. Countries where people cry the most tend to be richer and more confident.
1. In history, people considered it ________ for men to cry in public.| A．manly | B．shameful | C．acceptable | D．funny |
| A．By offering descriptions. | B．By asking questions. |
| C．By comparing facts. | D．By listing numbers. |
| A．Tony who lives alone and never expresses himself. |
| B．Peter who is outgoing but sometimes cries in public. |
| C．Arthur who is under great stress but never shed a tear. |
| D．Adam who sometimes cries but quickly regain control. |
| A．Men Don’t Cry. Why? | B．Crying Is for Women |
| C．Who Cry More? Men or Women? | D．Crying Makes a Weak Man |
3 . The Sahara Festival is a celebration of the very recent past. The three-day event is not fixed to the same dates each year, but generally takes place in November or December. It is well attended by tourists, but even better attended by locals.
During the opening ceremonies, after the official greetings from the government leaders, people who attend the festival begin to march smartly before the viewing stands, and white camels transport their riders across the sands. Horsemen from different nations display their beautiful clothes and their fine horsemanship. One following another, groups of musicians and dancers from all over the Sahara take their turns to show off their wonderful traditional culture. Groups of men in blue and yellow play horns (号) and beat drums as they dance in different designs. On their knees in the sand, a group of women in long dark dresses with dance with their hair: their long, dark, shiny hair is thrown back and forth in the wind to the rhythm (节奏) of their dance.
The local and visiting Italian dogs are anxious to run after hares (野兔). The crowd is on its feet for the camel races. Camels and riders run far into the distance, and then return to the finish line in front of the cheering people.
Towards the evening, there comes the grand finale of the opening day, an extremely exciting horserace. All the riders run very fast on horse back. Some riders hang off the side of their saddles (马鞍). Some even ride upside down — their legs and feet straight up in the air — all at full speed. Others rush down the course together, men arm in arm, on different horses. On and on they went. So fast and so wonderful!
1. The Sahara Festival is a festival which ________.| A．has a very long history in North Africa |
| B．is held in the same place on the same day |
| C．is attended mainly by the people in the Sahara |
| D．is celebrated mostly by travelers from different countries |
| A．musicians, dancers, horses and hares |
| B．camel riders, musicians, dogs and hares |
| C．horsemen, dancers, camels and dogs |
| D．musicians, officials, camels and horses |
| A．what happens on the opening day of the Sahara Festival |
| B．how people celebrate during the three-day Sahara Festival |
| C．what takes place at the closing ceremonies of the Sahara Festival |
| D．how animals race on the first and the last days of the Sahara Festival |
4 . The unusual whistle language used as a means of communication by villagers in the remote and mountainous northern Turkey has been added to the UNESCO list of Intangible Cultural Heritage.
The language is a highly developed high-pitch system of whistling to communicate in rugged（崎岖的）areas where people mostly cannot see each other. It can allow people to communicate across great distances, up to 5 kilometers. Compared with other similar whistle languages in Spain’s Canary Islands, in Mexico, or in Greek villages, it has a higher tone and larger vocabulary.
This unusual form of communication, which dates some 500 years ago, to the Ottoman Empire, was born from sheer necessity and widespread across the Black Sea regions.
But 50 years ago, it suffered the impact of the progression of technology and nowadays the rapid growth of cellular mobile systems has put this cultural heritage（遗产）under serious threat.
For centuries, the language has been passed on from grandparent to parent, from parent to child. Now, though, many of its most skilful speakers who use their tongue, teeth and fingers are aging all becoming physically weak. Young people are no longer interested in learning the language or in finding ways to update its vocabulary with new words, and in a few generations it may be gone for good.
“Our bird language is very convenient and efficient to communicate across the valleys. It has many benefits over yelling, which is bad for our throats.” said Avni Kocek, head of the bird village adding that despite setbacks because of technology, “Bird language is still used by many of us. Whistle language is transmitted from our elders to us and we have the duty to transmit it to our children. We are making efforts to keep our culture alive through the annual Bird Language Festival.”
Besides, the bird language has been required to be taught at primary schools since 2014 by district authorities in order to instil（逐步实施）the practice in younger generations.
1. What is the bird language’s advantage over other similar whistle languages?| A．It is used as a means of communication. |
| B．It is older and has a larger number of users. |
| C．It can send more messages to farther places. |
| D．It is a completely different system of whistling. |
| A．Other whistle languages are more effectively protected. |
| B．The need to use it in everyday life is disappearing. |
| C．Many of its most skilful speakers are growing old. |
| D．Young people find it too difficult to learn well enough. |
| A．It has become a subject at primary schools. |
| B．Bird Language Festival is celebrated every month. |
| C．Cellular mobile systems are not allowed in the area. |
| D．All parents are required to transmit it to their children. |
| A．Preserving the Endangered Bird language |
| B．The Story of a Bird Language Speaker |
| C．Celebrating the Bird Language Festival |
| D．The Disappearance of Bird Language |
5 . Workplaces all over the UK are preparing for Christmas and all the traditions and customs that come with it. But will Christmas be a cause for happiness and celebration or embarrassment and disappointment?
One way that colleagues in Britain show their appreciation of each other at this time of year is by doing “Secret Santa” present giving. At that time, people who work together buy each other gifts without saying whom they are from.
Co-workers all write their names on a piece of paper and then organize a lottery in which each workmate takes another colleague’s name at random (任意地). Each person then has to buy a present for the colleague whose name they have picked, usually with an agreed price set at a small amount of money such as five or ten pounds.
As the gifts are given without knowing the names of the gift givers, the quality of the presents can be very different; gifts that people received are from tickets to the opera to an air-freshener for a car.
Another common seasonal workplace tradition is the office Christmas party, when workmates put on their most attractive clothes and enjoy lots of free wine.
Although most parties are held without a hitch, sometimes the effects of alcohol (酒精) cause party goers to regret their drunken antics (古怪行为).
The BBC invited people to share their most embarrassing (令人尴尬的) Christmas office party stories, and received hundreds of funny stories, such as the man who split his trousers back to front with his strange dance moves or the drunken lady who spent the entire night with back of her dress tucked into her pants and saw the photos that proved it later at work.
But the worst story must surely come from Stuart Vaines, who got so drunk that he put his boss's head into the toilet. Unsurprisingly, he lost his job the very next day.
1. By saying this Christmas will cause embarrassment, the author actually refers to_________.| A．the workmate who receives a ticket to the opera |
| B．the man who receives an air-freshener |
| C．the lady who tucked the back of her dress in her pants |
| D．the man who put his boss’s head into the toilet |
| A．without trouble | B．without an end |
| C．without free drinks | D．with less people |
| A．The gift givers do not know whom they will give gifts to |
| B．some workmates are not generous enough to buy expensive gifts |
| C．the BBC is interested in people’s funny stories |
| D．some party-goers will wish they haven’t drunk so much |
| A．Office Parties at Christmas |
| B．Happiness from Office Parties |
| C．Celebrations in Workplaces at Christmas |
| D．Funny Stories from Office Parties |
According to BBC, the language of Christmas is not completely the same in the US and UK. “Americans will appear confused or chuckle(暗自笑) to themselves if you wish them ‘Happy Christmas’ instead of ‘Merry Christmas’,” BBC said. In addition, the shortening of Christmas to “Chrimbo” is almost unknown in the US. Another difference is the name of the white-bearded man. British people usually call him “Father Christmas” while Americans refer to him only as “Santa Claus” or simply “Santa”.
A good, old US Christmas dinner doesn’t necessarily（必然地）have turkey. BBC explained that Americans prepare special food for Thanksgiving, and they often go for ham or roast beef on Christmas Day. Christmas cake, and Christmas pudding are popular desserts(餐后甜点)in the UK. In the US, however, your post-meal treat will probably be one of the following: pumpkin pie, fruit cake, apple pie, or sweet potato pie.
In the US, but not in the UK, the beautiful Christmas decorations you see in films are real, and some people even turn their houses into light shows, according to BBC. “Driving through American suburbia (郊区) at Christmas can sometimes feel like a tour of Disney World,” the news network described.
1. What might be the best title for the passage?
| A．Christmas in the world |
| B．Christmas and traditions |
| C．The importance of Christmas |
| D．Christmas on both sides of the Atlantic |
| A．“Chrimbo” is more widely used in the UK. |
| B．We’d better say “Happy Christmas” to Americans. |
| C．White-bearded man is usually called “Father Christmas” in the US. |
| D．The language of Christmas is almost the same in the US and UK. |
| A．Christmas is not exactly the same in the US and UK. |
| B．You can see the beautiful Christmas decorations in the UK. |
| C．Christmas cake, pudding are popular with American people. |
| D．You may have apple pie or fruit cake in your post-meal in the UK. |
| A．A science magazine. | B．A culture magazine. |
| C．A guide book. | D．A business report. |
7 . Moving abroad can be a challenging experience. You leave your family，friends and everything you know behind. You enter a new culture where the customs and sometimes the languages are different.
So what are the best ways to involve yourself in the new culture while living abroad?
Live with a native speaker
Socialize with the local people
The thought of making friends and mixing with the local people may seem scary at first but it's worth it.
The food in France is amazing and discovering new food is a fun experience. I've tried things that I've never tried before. My knowledge of different bread and cheese types has grown greatly.
| A．Try the local food |
| B．But it's also exciting |
| C．I currently volunteer with homeless people |
| D．You can also speak the local language every day |
| E．Improve my French vocabulary and understanding |
| F．You can meet other people in the area by joining a club |
| G．There are many advantages of living with a native speaker |
These two special days are celebrated in many different ways. On Mother’s Day people wear carnations. A red one symbolizes a living mother .A white one shows that the mother is dead. Many people attend religious services to honor parents .It is also a day when people whose parents are dead visit the cemetery（公墓）. On these days families get together at home, as well as in restaurants. They often have outdoor barbecues for Father’s Day. These are days of fun and good feelings and memories.
Another tradition is to give cards and gifts. Children make them in school. Many people make their own presents. These are valued more than the ones bought in stores. It is not the value of the gift that is important, but it is “the thought that counts”. Greeting card stores, florists, candy makers, bakeries and telephone companies do a lot of business during these holidays.
1. Which is NOT a reason for children to show love and respect for parents?
| A．Parents bring up children. |
| B．Parents give love and care to children. |
| C．Parents educate children to be good persons. |
| D．Parents pass away before children grow up. |
| A．Mother’s Day and Father’s Day are both in May. |
| B．Fewer women worked outside the home in the past. |
| C．Not all the children respect their parents. |
| D．Fathers are not as important as mothers at home. |
| A．It only has two kinds of color. |
| B．It refers to the special clothes people wear on Mother’s Day or Father’s Day. |
| C．It’s a kind of flower showing love and best wishes. |
| D．People can wear carnations only on the second Sunday in May. |
Sharing bread, whether during a special occasion (时刻) or at the family dinner table, is a common symbol of togetherness. Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests. Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread, so this tradition hits its roots in the custom of sharing bread.
Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations. In the southern United States, pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity (兴旺) in the New Year. In Greece, people share a special cake called vasilopita. A coin is put into the cake, which signifies (预示) success in the New Year for the person who receives it.
Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child, and food can play a significant role. In China, when a baby is one month old, families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving red-colored eggs to guests. In many cultures, round foods such as grapes, bread, and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity.
Nutrition is necessary for life, so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.
1. According to the passage, sharing bread______.
| A．indicates a lack of food |
| B．can help to develop unity |
| C．is a custom unique to rural areas |
| D．has its roots in birthday celebrations |
| A．Trust. | B．Success. |
| C．Health. | D．Togetherness. |
| A．using examples | B．making comparisons |
| C．analyzing causes | D．describing processes |
| A．The custom of sharing food. |
| B．The specific meaning of food. |
| C．The role of food in ceremonies. |
| D．The importance of food in culture. |
As the birthplace of the yearly event more than 2,000 years ago, China is not happy with the situation. "It would be a shame if another country successfully made a traditional Chinese festival part of its own cultural heritage ahead of China," said Zhou Heping, deputy (副) culture minister. The Ministry of Culture is even thinking of making its own application to UNESCO, covering all traditional Chinese festivals, including the Dragon Boat event.
It is thought that the festival is held in memory of the great poet Qu Yuan (340-278 BC), who lived in the State of Chu during the Warring States Period. Qu was known to be a patriot (爱国者) and admired by ordinary people.
He is said to have jumped into Miluo River, because he had lost hope in his country's future. When people heard about Qu's death, they sailed up and down the river searching for his body. They also beat the drums to frighten away the fish and threw Zongzi into the water to stop the fish touching Qu. Dragon boat racing is said to come from this search for the poet's body.
Over the years, the Dragon Boat Festival has spread throughout the world. In Japan and Viet Nam, as well as South Korea, the festival has mixed with and become part of the local culture.
1. The Dragon Boat Festival _______.| A．is also kept by South Korea |
| B．comes from South Korea |
| C．was created by South Korea |
| D．is South Korea’s cultural heritage |
| A．Fighting against South Korea. |
| B．Telling South Korea it’s not right to do so. |
| C．Considering to do the similar thing. |
| D．Asking South Korea not to do so. |
| A．In memory of Qu Yuan. |
| B．In memory of all the patriots of China. |
| C．To frighten away the fish. |
| D．In honor of QuYuan’s birthday. |
| A．feed him |
| B．protect his body from going bad |
| C．prevent the fish biting his body |
| D．attract his soul |
| A．a nationwide | B．a worldwide |
| C．an Asian | D．a foreign |
