Paper cutting is a folk culture with so long a history. When Chinese Lunar New Year is coming, it is a custom for northern people     1     (post) the paper cutting on windows. Gradually, it develops into an art form one of the most popular     2     (tradition) decoration arts. It is recorded that there were decorations     3     (make) by gold and Silver foil(箔纸)，leather and silk products     4     the Shang Dynasty(朝代). We can say that paper cutting came from these art forms.

In some villages, paper cutting is     5     (usual) made by the females. Nowadays, probably because of the available material and the decoration effect, paper cutting is deeply loved by     6     public. People still keep the tradition to post paper cutting on windows and doors during     7     (festival). And it has already developed into a unique art form. You can also see paper cutting in brand advertisements, fashion designs and stamp designs.

In the early days, people made images of both humans and     8     (others) subjects to bury together with bodies in the tombs or to burn on the funerals. In 105 AD, Cai Lun improved the paper making technique and a large amount of paper was produced,     9     laid a foundation for the spread of paper cutting. Beautiful patters     10     (create) and gradually the patterns were widely used in other fields later.

There are many different ways of explaining a handshake. In politics, for example, this gesture has a     1     (deep) meaning than just greeting someone. Different     2     (method) of giving a handshake exist. It can be fast such as in France or much longer such as in China or in some Arabic countries. The strength put into the gesture is another important aspect (方面). A firm (强有力) handshake means a     3    (tradition) handshake showing confidence. A "bone crusher (粉碎机)" means that the person tries to crush the hand of the other person. A "finger handshake" means the person catches only the fingers of the other person's hand. Lastly a "dead fish" means     4     uninterested handshake.

People and     5     (they) culture explain all these ways to give a handshake in different ways. In Japan a “firm handshake"    6     (consider) as a "bone crusher" while in the United States it's polite.

In France,     7     is possible to give a quick handshake in every professional and private situation. However, if you know the person, people will     8     (usual) give a kiss on both cheeks. While in the United States, handshakes are more common in professional situation. In personal situations, most of people will just say hello to the other person.

In most Asian countries, avoid     9     （look） at people in the eyes while you give a handshake, as it is seen     10     impolite.

Many travelers don't know if they should tip or how much they should tip when it comes to     1    (tip) on their travels, as they are not aware of local customs. The key is to do your research beforehand,     2    will help you to avoid your trip becoming spoiled by any awkwardness.

In the US,tipping is given: around 15% or more is common for restaurants and taxis, while $1 to $2 is considered sufficient for the hotel room service employee. In Canada, the tipping situation is very similar to       3     of the US.

Japan is a country where things are very different. Here, tipping is incredibly uncommon,and can even be viewed as rude-especially if money is handed over     4    (direct). Tour guides and tour bus drivers, however, should       5    (offer) a tip of roughly £5 for a half day tour or £10     6    a full day tour.But ensure that this tip is presented in     7     envelope,rather than visible cash.

Tipping is not expected in China. However, people sometimes give tips to show their     8    (appreciate).

Even within Europe, tipping    9    (various)from country to country. The French expect a 15% service charge in restaurants and bars and     10     (round) up your bill is appreciated.In Germany,an extra 5% to 10% on top of the service charge is customary for good service.

The Mid-Autumn Day is a very important traditional festival in China.It takes its name from the fact that it     1    (celebrate) in the middle of the autumn season. The Mid-Autumn Festival falls on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month. The day is known as the Moon Festival, as at the time of the year the moon is at its roundest and     2    (bright). It is an evening celebration in     3     families gather together and eat moon cakes. Besides,     4    (make) the house more beautiful, people will hang red lanterns in front of it. On that day, people look back on the past and look forward to the future together. Children will play with their own     5    (toy) and enjoy themselves.

The Mid-Autumn Festival celebrations date back     6    more than 2,000 years. The word “Mid-Autumn” first     7    (appear) in the famous ancient book Zhou Li. However, it was not     8    the early Tang Dynasty that people celebrated the day as a traditional festival. It became an     9    (official) established festival during the Song Dynasty, and has become as popular as the Spring Festival since the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Celebrations have continued ever since and more customs for     10    (mark) this occasion have been formed.

Different counties and cultures celebrate the New Year in different ways. Many countries still follow the lunar calendar,     1    (mean) that their new year often starts in late January or in February. New Year     2     (celebrate) for some countries (like China, Vietnam, and Korea) last not one day, but up to two weeks!

In the US, many people attend or throw New Year parties. They drink champagne, dance and cheer at the stroke of midnight. Fireworks, which in ancient times     3    (scare) away evil spirits, are very popular throughout the US like many other countries. Americans often make one or more New Year’s decisions, such as promising to quit     4    (smoke), lose weight, or stop drinking, most of     5    last little longer than a month.

In Scotland, homeowners open the front door at midnight to let in the New Year, and open the back door to let     6     the old year. In Japan, people ring a bell 108 times     7     (get) rid of the 108 bad desires people have. In Spain, people eat 12 grapes—one per chime— as the clock chimes midnight. In Korea, people ring a bell 33 times with the     8     (intend) of memorizing 33 ancient soldiers.

In Colombia, families make     9    rag doll called “Mr. Old Year.” They fill it with     10     the family doesn’t want anymore and then set it on fire to rid themselves of all the bad things of the previous year.

Over 1600 years ago,a man named Nicholas became the bishop of Myra in Turkey.After he died,     1     (mercy)Nicholas became the saint of children,butchers,merchants and makers of perfume.

One day when Nicholas was walking past a cottage,he overheard a man talking to    2    (he) that there was not enough money for each of his daughters to find a husband. Late that night, Nicholas went back to the house    3    threw a small bag of gold down the chimney.He did the   same hing the following two nights,One of the bags of gold fell into a stocking that was hanging up    4       (dry) over the fireplace    5    , people say Father Christmas comes down the chimney and children hang stockings over the fireplace for Father Christmas to put presents in.

In the traditional picture of St Nicholas,He is usually shown as a tall,thin man    6    a beard or moustache,unlike Father Christmas     7    has a fat belly and a lot of facial hair. St Nicholas   is also presented as    8    (wear)the neat,traditional clothes of a religious leader,not a red woolen suit with a black belt like Father Christmas’s

Over the years, many things    9    (add) to the story of St Nicholas,changing him to the Father Christmas we know of today, For example, he Is said to live near the North Pole with his wife and lots of elves,who help make toys.He also has deer that    10    (help)him deliver presents on Christmas Eve.

Right now， most people's attention is on the COVID﹣19 pandemic. In     1    way， this pandemic is also warning us to protect our planet Earth.

World Earth Day， the international movement aiming     2    protecting and improving Earth's environment， is celebrating its 50th anniversary on April 22. For Earth Day 2020， the theme is climate action.    3    （celebrate） this， the Earth Day Network organized the Great Global Clean﹣up event. The network hoped that this would be the largest volunteer event in history， with people from all over the world    4    （set） up events to remove billions of pieces of trash from green spaces， urban communities and waterways. But due to the current ban on public gatherings and lockdown measures in many affected countries， clean﹣up events     5    （postpone）.

That said， the occasion will still continue in a digital way. "    6    it be coronavirus or our global climate crisis， we cannot shut down.    7    ， we must shift our energies and efforts to new ways to mobilize （动员） the world to action. " said Earth Day Network President Kathleen Rogers.

While the event may not reach its originally     8    （plan） grandeur（宏大）， Earth Day 2020 could play a role in helping us sustain     9    （environment） friendly changes， such as practices like teleworking and video conferencing     10    have become more prevalent （普遍的） in this time.

Cave No.12 of the Yungang Grottoes (石窟), the 1,500-year-old masterpieces of Chinese Buddhist art, has been recently “moved” to the Zhejiang University Museum of Art and Archaeology by 3D printing technology,     1     (bring)the grottoes to the wider world.

Cave No.12,14 meters deep,11 meters wide and 9 meters high, also known     2     the Music Cave, was carved with rich images of heavenly figures and     3     (music)instruments from home and abroad. These figures represented the     4     (early) royal symphony orchestra (乐团) in ancient China.

The researchers     5     (overcome)many difficulties since August 2016.First,the project team spent three months laser-scanning (激光扫描) the cave and took 55,680.     6     (photo) of it.     7     (ensure) successful printing, a special 3D printer was tailored for the project. Then,     8     came after 3D printing was the coloring process, during which the images in the cave     9     (expect) to be covered with proper materials and colors. After eight months of coloring, the staff finally completed the replica cave. Experts believe that the completion of the project marked technical breakthroughs and     10     very important step forward in digital protection and inheritance of cultural heritages.

For you,the “Clear and Bright” day that falls in every April might be no more than just another holiday — the fact that it comes with three days off school matters to most students       1       more than the fact that it is part of the 24 solar terms.

But the UNESCO has recognized the importance of the 24 solar terms. This ancient system that Chinese people have used to keep track of the time of year       2     (add) to the UNESCO list of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity on Nov 30.

For starters, you may have heard your mom say: “The sanfu days are almost over. The heat won’t be here for long.” The sanfu days are a period of time that     3     (fall) in summer, somewhere     4     Minor Heat (in July) and Autumn Equinox (in September). The coldest days, or the sanjiu days, are similar. They cover the 27 days     5     (follow) Winter Solstice.

In some places, solar terms guide people’s lives through special foods,     6     (culture) events and healthy living tips. For example, people from northern China are in the habit of eating dumplings on the day of Winter Solstice. And on Start of Autumn, some people treat     7     to a big feast, especially of meat, something they call “putting on autumn weight”, or tieqiubiao.

But no matter     8     differently people celebrate the 24 solar terms, they have been here for a long time and could last forever.

According to Chinese writer and academic Yu Shicun, unlike many other examples of intangible cultural heritage – Peking Opera and Chinese Zhusuan, for example – the solar terms are neither regional (地域的) nor a type of art or skill. Instead, the system is a philosophy of time,     9     applies to everything. And this means they are     10     (likely) to die out.

Every year on the last weekend in August around 1.5 million people go to west London to take part in and enjoy one of the    1    (large) street parties in Europe, Notting Hill Carnival.     2    a colorful group of dancers, a wide range of music and     3     atmosphere of fun and celebration, the carnival is not to be missed. The roots of the carnival date back to 1833    4    slavery was abolished. In that year the former slaves in Trinidad, a British colony in the Caribbean, took to the streets in celebration of their own carnival party with music, dance and costumes. Soon it    5    (develop) into an important tradition throughout the Caribbean. In 1959 the first carnival took place in the St Pancras area of London. For the next few years, the Carnival     6    (celebrate) in different parts of London until it    7    (final) came to Notting Hill in 1964. In 2003 the Notting Hill Carnival received royal     8    (approve),when it joined the parade    9     (mark) the Queen's 50th year on the throne(王位). The Carnival shows the    10     (culture) diversity of modern London.