1 . The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap（间隙）with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs.

Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied（暗示）is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.

Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with different conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.

Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient's silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing（治愈）value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.

1. What does the author say about silence in conversations?

A．It is content-based.	B．It develops friendship.
C．It implies anger.	D．It is culture-specific.

2. Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?

A．The French.	B．The Mexicans.
C．The Russians.	D．The Chinese.

3. What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?

A．Make use of its healing effects.

B．Let it continue as the patient pleases.

C．Break it while treating patients.

D．Evaluate（评估）its harm to patients.

4. What may be the best title for the text?

A．Sound and Silence.

B．What It Means to Be Silent.

C．Silence to Native Americans.

D．Speech Is Silver, Silence Is Gold.

2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Also known as Fat Tuesday, Mardi Gras in New Orleans is a     1     (culture) scene like the USA version of Carnival. But there is some debate over whether it was NOLA or Mobile, Alabama that had the first Mardi Gras back in     2    1700s. Regardless     3     who did it first, few would argue that the New Orleans festival is the best. It     4     (begin) with social events in November. Some private balls     5     (hold) on Thanksgiving Day and New Year's Eve, with parades and more private balls throughout January and early February.     6    (get) invites to the private events isn't easy. If you love music, check out the     7     (annually) Galactic concert at the world-famous Tipitina’s on Lundi Gras (the day before Mardi Gras). When the big day arrives, it’s best to plan     8     you want to see. Longtime     9    (local) love the Krewe of Muses Parade, the Rex & Zulu Parade, and the Krewe of St. Anne and Krewe of Julu Parades. But, for our money,     10     doesn't get any better than watching the Mardi Gras Indians Parade in Treme.

3 . If ever we have to wait for something in the UK一for the bus, to get into a concert, or to get into a shop, we form a queue. Everybody knows that when you roll up, you join the back of the queue.     1    It is an absolutely fair system and we all agree with it. British people would never dream of “jumping the queue”!

    2     If you are seen to push in, it is considered very rude. People think pushing in is unfair to other people who have been waiting. So, if you see a line of people and you are not sure about it, then ask: “Is this the back of the queue?”    3     You might even get chatting! Brits are happy to chat while queuing.

If ever somebody pushes in, you can almost feel others upset about him or her! People will be silently angry! However, rarely will anybody say anything.    4     If somebody does say something to the rule breaker， the rest of the people in the queue will be very embarrassed and they will look away.

    5    For example, they may give bad looks to the transgressor (违规者). They may also turn around and talk about the transgressor in a whisper with the person next to them in the queue. You would need a skin as thick as a rhinoceros (犀牛皮) to miss these signals that you have transgressed a sacred British rule. So, if you come to the UK, get used to queuing.

A．You have to wait for your turn in the queue.

B．People do not welcome queue-jumping in England.

C．Queue-jumping can be seen everywhere in the world.

D．British people do not like to cause a scene by arguing.

E．Some people want to break the accepted rule sometimes.

F．People will be very polite to you and let you know where you should stand.

G．People will show that they are annoyed, but in ways that are not easy to notice.

4 . It was 1939, and the Great Depression had made all our lives much harder. But we didn’t know how poor we were until our father sat my brother and me down on the couch in our living room to have a talk.

I will always remember the sad look in Father’s eyes as he stared down at his hands, rubbing them back and forth, while he searched for the words to tell us that our family wasn’t going to be celebrating Christmas this year.

A month later, on Christmas Eve, I lay awake in bed late into the night, trying to talk myself out of sneaking into our living room to see if Santa had come. I gathered my courage, then tiptoed down the hallway, hoping I would see the bright sparkling lights of our Christmas tree standing proudly in the corner of our living room, like it did every year.

Instead, I was greeted by my seventeen-year-old brother, Frank, who slept on our living room couch. “Hey, little one, what are you doing up?” he whispered.

I started to cry. “There’s no Christmas tree.”

There would be no presents, no singing, no Christmas dinner. It felt like we were the saddest family in the world. My disappointment overwhelmed me. I looked forward to Christmas each year. It wasn’t only the presents. It was that special feeling I got from seeing my family happy. We hadn’t been happy in such a long time.

On Christmas morning, the sun shone into our chilly bedroom, waking me up. “Maybe Santa came! Maybe he came!” I suddenly insisted. My eyes searched the living room, but there was no Christmas tree. I broke into uncontrollable tears.

I ran to Father in tears and threw my arms around him. “ We aren’t going to have Christmas this year.”

“Now, now, now, calm down. Go on in and see your mother. She will comfort you.” Dad slowly pushed the bedroom door open, leading me into the room.

注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Out of the corner of my eye, I noticed something different in the bedroom.

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With my question answered, everything dawned on me.

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5 . 假定你是李华．你的美国笔友Tom对中国文化有浓厚的兴趣，恰好你校今年寒假将为外国学生举办一场汉语冬令营活动（Chinese Winter Camp），请你给他发一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1． 时间和地点；
2． 内容：学习日常汉语、了解中国历史和传统文化、参观博物馆等；
3． 报名方式和截止时间．
注意：1． 词数：100左右
2． 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯．
Dear Tom,
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Yours,

Li Hua

6 . HEY boys, attention please! If you want to go to the US, you’d better be fully prepared, because, well, you and the boys in the US are a bit different.     1    

Firstly, know how to knot a tie. In the US, every boy above school age wears suits when they go to weddings.     2     Do you know how to knot a tie? If you don’t, learn how right now!

Secondly, be a gentleman. I know in China some boys are still proud of being strong. But in the US, a good man should also be polite.     3    

The last is to learn something about football and baseball. Chinese boys like ping-pong, basketball and soccer, but American boys love football and baseball. They get very happy when they play and watch these sports.     4     But in order to watch the sports with other boys, at least learning some rules would help.

    5     We sometimes need to know the importance of another culture, but don’t feel you have to know that if it makes you uncomfortable. Have fun along the way!

A．Many boys are fans of football or baseball in America.

B．In my opinion, you’d better try to do the following things.

C．The stronger you are, the more highly people will think of you.

D．My friend Madison from Virginia said it shows respect to others.

E．However, all this doesn’t mean that the American way is always the right way.

F．It’s not necessary to be a fan of football or fix your TV channel to baseball games.

G．Here are two examples: holding the door for people behind you and giving the seat on a bus to old people.

7 . 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Considering the valuable role friendship     1    (play) in our life, it is definitely fit to have a day dedicated to friends and friendship. The United States Congress, in 1935, declared the first Sunday of August as the National Friendship Day. After that, the     2    (celebrate) of National Friendship Day became     3     annual event. The idea of     4    (honor) the beautiful relationship caught     5    soon Friendship Day became a hugely popular festival.

Following the popularity and success of Friendship Day in US, several other     6    (country) adopted the tradition of dedicating a day to friends. In April 2011, the United Nations     7     (official) recognized 30th July as International Friendship Day, although many still celebrate it     8    the first Sunday of August!

Today, Friendship Day has become an occasion on     9     people all over the world express love and heartfelt feelings for their best friends and promise     10     (stand) by them at all times in all circumstances.

8 . 听下面一段长对话，回答以下小题。
1. What are the two speakers talking about?

A．Christmas.

B．Easter.

C．A birthday party.

2. What will the two speakers do with the eggs?

A．Colour and hide them.

B．Colour and eat them.

C．Give them to their friends.

3. Which is NOT mentioned in this conversation?

A．The eggs stand for new life.

B．The colourful eggs mean colourful life.

C．This Easter Day is on Sunday.

9 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Who is Li Ziqi? For about 8 million watchers on YouTube and 23 million micro bloggers on Sina Weibo, that’s    1    easy question to answer. She holds an account on each of the two platforms, and uploads her videos    2    (concern) her rural lifestyle.

The beauty of Li’s videos    3    (root) in the revival of the ancient relationship between humans and nature.    4    (dress) in traditional Chinese-style clothes, Li reflects the self-sufficient lifestyle of ancient Chinese people. From making paper to weaving cloth, from making a silk quilt to building her own bread oven with blocks, nothing seems impossible with Li’s crafty hands,    5    they work their magic to have brought these things into    6    (exist).

Of course, via her videos Li has spread Chinese culture to the world. She lets the world know that Chinese people love good food and have a good command    7    making art out of even simple raw materials. She lets the world witness how Chinese people live    8    (harmony) with nature. And it is these qualities that have captured the hearts of her global audience.

Now Li    9    (become) one of the most successful Internet celebrities. Though being famous also means being the target of controversy,    10    is not doubtful that she lets the world know and love Chinese culture.

10 . 假如你是李华，你的英国笔友Penny为了完成一篇题为 The meanings of colors in different cultures的论文，写信询问你中国文化中颜色代表的含义。请你写信回复她的问题，并提供具体的例子。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.开头和结尾已写好，不计入总数；
3.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Penny,

How is everything going these days?

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Yours,

Li Hua