1 . 随着网络的发展，网上沟通成了一种流行的趋势，因此“网上交友”也变得非常普遍，就“网上交友”提出你的建议。
1.网络交友的优缺点；
2.网络安全的重要性。
提示：
网络病毒 Internet virus；黑客 Hacker
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2 . Digital assistants such as Siri are increasingly common on phones and computers. Developing an emotional relationship with a piece of software can, however, bring discomfort to some people.

As a study published in Psychological Science by Park Daeun, of Chungbuk National University in South Korea, and her colleagues, shows, one emotion sometimes involved in machine-human interaction is embarrassment.

Dr Park and her team recruited 187 participants into their study. To start with, each was presented with a series of statements like “you have a certain amount of intelligence, and you can’t really do much to change it”, and “you can always substantially change how intelligent you are”. Participants rated their responses to these statements on a six-point scale, on which one meant “strongly disagree” and six meant “strongly agree”. The reason for this initial test was that Dr. Park knew from previous work that, in academic settings, those who believe intelligence to be changeable are comfortable asking for assistance while those who believe it to be fixed often feel ashamed to do so.

The initial test done, the researchers presented their volunteers with a second test, which involved looking at 16 sets of three words and trying to think of a fourth word that linked them. For example, when offered “room, blood, salts” , a correct answer would be “bath”. Sometimes the first three words were accompanied by an unrequested hint (in the example given, this was “tub”). Sometimes they were not.

Hints appeared as the written form of the word in question,accompanied bya computer-shaped icon (图形). For half of participants this icon had a humanlike face, and the hint was placed inside a speech bubble originating from that face, thus anthropomorphising (赋予人性) the presentation to some degree. For the other half the icon lacked a face and there was no speech bubble. After the final set of words had been displayed, participants were asked to agree or disagree with follow-up statements about their experience, such as “it was embarrassing to receive help during the task”, and “others might think I am incompetent (无能的) because I received help during the task.” This time, they quantified their feelings on a seven-point scale, with high scores representing greater feelings of unease.

The researchers found that participants who believed intelligence to be unchangeable (the top sixth of the sample) felt more embarrassed and more incompetent after the tests. They averaged 3.2 when measured for feelings of shame and embarrassment if the computer icons they had seen giving the hints had had faces and speech bubbles. But only 2.7 if not. In contrast, people who strongly believed that intelligence could be changed over time (the bottom sixth of the sample) felt the same level of discomfort (around 2.5) whether or not the icons had been anthropomorphised.

1. The initial test is meant to classify the participants according to ________.

A．how intelligent they are in academic settings

B．how familiar they are with previous research

C．how much they agree with Dr Park’s viewpoint

D．how much they believe intelligence is unchangeable

2. In the second test, the participants were required to ________.

A．request a useful hint at a proper time

B．link the four words given with a key word

C．tell computer-shaped icons from face-shaped ones

D．answer whether they feel comfortable to receive help

3. What can be inferred from the results of Dr. Park and his team’s study?

A．Those who believe intelligence can change are more likely to refuse computers’ assistance.

B．Those regarding intelligence as fixed may feel less at ease when turning to computers.

C．Those regarding intelligence as fixed are more likely to feel embarrassed in real life.

D．Those who believe intelligence can change are more capable than those who don’t.

4. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?

A．How machine-human interaction will develop remains to be seen.

B．People need to change their understanding of artificial intelligence.

C．Sometimes, computer programs seem too human for their own good.

D．So far, the digital assistants have not taken human emotion into account.

3 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

It's estimated that two-thirds of people online have had their personal information     1    (steal).

Faced with such a range of     2    (threat), it's easy to focus on technology investment. Firewalls, anti-virus protection and every other kind of technology can be threatened as well. That's not to say that     3    (invest) in IT security isn't important. But the cybersecurity (网络安全) threat needs individuals     4    have skills, talent and experience     5    (bad). Indeed, there will be a global shortfall of 3. 5 million cybersecurity jobs by 2021.

Only with people power can we win the online security war. Here     6    (be) the main reasons and methods.

First of all, it is important to improve the security     7    (aware). Security is becoming important, with organizations starting to understand the big role that individual employees must play.

Secondly, pay attention     8    grassroots education. As we face a significant skill shortage in the future,    9    is of great importance that together we help create the next generation of cyber defenders now.

Thirdly, encouraging skilled staff also matters. Most organizations have concerns about security skills, and two-thirds have trouble     10    (encourage) the security staff they have.