1 . 假设你是晨光中学高三学生李津。你的英国朋友Chris在China Daily上看到一些中学生团体为甘肃地震灾区积极捐款捐物的新闻，向你了解你校学生参与类似活动的情况，并询问你校学生组织的其他大型活动。请你给Chris回一封电子邮件，介绍相关情况， 内容包括：

(1) 介绍学生向灾区捐款捐物的相关情况；

(2) 介绍学生组织的其他大型活动(如体育、文艺等方面)；

(3) 你对参与校园活动的印象和感受。

注意： (1) 词数不少于 100；

(2) 内容充实，行文连贯；

(3) 开头结尾已给出，不计入词数。

参考词汇： 地震灾区 quake-affected regions 赈灾物资 relief supplies

Dear Chris,

I’m so glad to hear from you.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Best regards,

Li Jin

2 . Getting the “side-eye” look from your dog can make it seem like they are making a judgement about you, and some new studies suggest they really could be.

The ability to judge others’ intentions is an indicator of possessing “theory of mind” which was once thought to be unique to humans. However, new studies have shown that dogs can read human behaviour and have a preference to people who are more friendly or generous with food.

One such study published in 2023 aimed to see if dogs can tell the difference between humans who are “unwilling” or “unable” to give them a treat. 96 dogs were involved in both “unwilling” and “unable” scenarios (情境) designed for the study. Both scenarios involved a dog being placed on one side of a glass screen with small holes in it at nose-height, and an experimenter standing on the other. In the ‘unwilling’ scenario, the experimenter would hang a piece of sausage in front of the screen in a ‘teasing’ (戏耍的) manner, and approach one of the holes. But instead of passing it through the hole to the dog, they would then pull it out of its reach. For the “unable” scenario, the experimenter would again move the treat towards the hole while the dog watched, but “accidentally” drop it before they could pass it through.

The researchers observed that the dogs were much more patient, making more eye contact and staying closer to the screen after the “unable” scenario played out. In the “unwilling” scenario, however, the dogs looked at the experimenter less often, sat, lay down and wandered around more frequently.

Another study from 2021 tested for “theory of mind” in dogs in a similar way, but the dogs were able to walk round the screen to obtain the treat after witnessing the experimenter’s “unwilling” or “unable” behaviour. The main finding was that the dogs approached the experimenter significantly sooner in the unable scenario than in the unwilling scenario.

However, the researchers of the 2023 study challenged that the food dropped on the floor in the clumsy (笨拙的) manner might have motivated the dogs to approach the experimenter considering that they probably often obtain food dropped on the floor in their daily lives.

Now, more evidence has been provided that dogs distinguish between similar actions associated with different intentions. But how exactly they acquire such intention-reading abilities will be an exciting topic for future research.

1. What is one of the new research findings according to Paragraph 2?

A．Dogs also have “theory of mind”.

B．Dogs prefer food from generous people.

C．Human behaviours are mostly intentional.

D．Friendly animals can get food more easily.

2. What did the experimenter do in the “unwilling” scenario in the 2023 study?

A．They acted awkwardly while feeding the dog.

B．They pretended to walk slowly away from the dog.

C．They teased the dog by fixing the treat to the screen.

D．They pulled the sausage beyond the dog’s reach.

3. How did the dogs of the 2023 study respond to the “unable” behaviour?

A．By moving closer to the experimenter.

B．By keeping wandering around.

C．By ignoring the experimenter.

D．By lying still on the floor

4. How does the experiment design of the 2021 study differ from that of 2023?

A．The dogs can watch the experimenter.

B．The dogs can go to the other side of the screen.

C．The dogs’ responses are under close observation.

D．The dogs’ habitual behaviours are under analysis.

5. What do the dogs’ different responses in “unwilling” and “unable” scenarios suggest?

A．Dogs can tell “being friendly” from “being mean”

B．Dogs’ intelligence is gradually evolving.

C．Dogs’ intentions can be easily identified.

D．Dogs are a lot more emotional than other animals.

3 . When I began to study flower arranging, I was slowly developing a deeper understanding of the_________ between all life.

In our first class, my teacher said that flowers can_________ talk and that they each have their own_________ of being beautiful. They have “prana” life force, so you have to pay full attention to them, rather than_________ your own ideas of beauty on them. So I began to ask the flowers how they wanted to be_________ and what positioning would make them _________ most beautiful. I waited and listened.

Even after the flowers had been_________ in the vase, I would discover sometimes that in the morning they had rearranged themselves during the night. Even if they were secured in the_________，they always seemed to be silently straining(尽力)to find their_________ place. At the same time, they were not__________ independent; they needed loving care. They were dependent on me, or whomever their__________ wasfor the day, to water them. Watching other people spraying water on the arrangements sometimes, I would feel so__________ by the scene. Small drops of water on the flowers touched the source of life and nourished the heart of beauty.

This experience made me feel how__________ it could be, if our minds are set in the right way to water not only plants, but__________,to treat all living creatures in a way that__________ them their right to be beautiful, in their own__________ and time.

What we came to notice was that flowers could also__________. Our teacher urged us to always__________ the flowers when we passed how beautiful they were and to thank them for sharing that__________ with us.

When we made our arrangements with this kind of__________,we found that the flowers remained beautiful and fresh for many more days than expected.

1.

A．difference

B．conflict

C．barrier

D．connection

2.

A．actually

B．hardly

C．briefly

D．mildly

3.

A．ways

B．goals

C．levels

D．measures

4.

A．pouring

B．focusing

C．relying

D．forcing

5.

A．covered

B．arranged

C．delivered

D．wrapped

6.

A．prove

B．grow

C．feel

D．smell

7.

A．put

B．cut

C．brought

D．handed

8.

A．garden

B．vase

C．cave

D．wall

9.

A．first

B．right

C．former

D．equal

10.

A．fully

B．apparently

C．mentally

D．firmly

11.

A．performer

B．babysitter

C．neighbor

D．caretaker

12.

A．amazed

B．moved

C．anxious

D．curious

13.

A．simple

B．funny

C．complex

D．foolish

14.

A．flowers

B．animals

C．grasses

D．humans

15.

A．allows

B．conveys

C．promtises

D．passes

16.

A．direction

B．space

C．energy

D．shape

17.

A．shake

B．listen

C．breathe

D．inform

18.

A．prove

B．select

C．imagine

D．rémind

19.

A．beauty

B．secret

C．message

D．treasure

20.

A．talent

B．policy

C．devotion

D．technique

4 . A study has found that elephants possess a sense of smell that is likely the strongest ever identified in a single species, according to a study by Japanese scientists last week.

The African elephant’s genome (基因组) contains the largest number of olfactory receptor (嗅觉感受器) genes—nearly 2, 000—says the study in the journal Genome Research.

Olfactory receptors are aware of smells in the environment.

That means elephants’ sniffers (嗅探器) are five times more powerful than people’s noses, twice that of dogs, and even stronger than the previous known record-holder in the animal kingdom: rats.

“Apparently, an elephant’s nose is not only long but also superior, ”says lead study author Yoshihito Niimura of the University of Tokyo.

Just how these genes work is not well understood, but they likely helped elephants survive and navigate their environment over the ages.

The ability to smell allows creatures to find mates and food—and avoid predators.

The study compared elephant’s olfactory receptor genes to those of 13 other animals, including horses, rabbits, guinea pigs, cows, rodents and chimpanzees.

Primates (灵长类) and people actually had very low numbers of olfactory receptor genes compared to other species, the study found.

“This could be a result of our decreased reliance on smell as our sight improved, ” Niimura says.

1. Why do African elephants have the strongest sense of smell?

A．Because their noses are very superior.

B．Because they have more olfactory receptor genes.

C．Because they are very strong.

D．Because they have long noses.

2. Whose sniffer is the most powerful?

A．Human.

B．Dog.

C．Rat.

D．Elephant.

3. What makes elephants survive and guide their environment over the years?

A．Their genes.

B．Their noses.

C．Their legs.

D．Their ears.

4. Which is NOT the purpose of the ability to smell of the elephants?

A．To find mates.	B．To have fun.
C．To find food.	D．To escape from hunters.

5. What’s the main idea of the passage?

A．People find elephants are very useful.

B．People like elephants’ noses.

C．Elephants possess “superior” sense of smell.

D．Elephants are smarter than other animals.

5 . Jack is a retired worker from Rio de Janeiro. Now he is sharing a close relationship with a penguin which is ______ to South American’s Patagonian region. For the past five years, the penguin seems to have ______ his natural migrating route just in order to be able to ______ Jack several times a year.

The unusual ______ began in 2011, when Jack found the bird, nicknamed Jinling, trapped in oil on the beach near his house. He brought the penguin home, ______ him up, and offered him a good meal and a shady spot to ______. Since then, the penguin has ______ stayed away from Jack for too long.

The kind man tried to get the penguin to ______ to the open sea after he got better, ______ the bird just kept coming back. He even took him out in a boat, far from ______ and let him loose in the ocean, but by the time he got back home, with ______, he saw Jinling was already waiting for him.

______ penguins migrate thousands of miles between Patagonia and Rio de Janeiro, Jinling doesn’t stay away from Rio for more than four months at a time. He always runs back to Jack’s little ______ by the sea, sometimes ______ as long as eight months to a year with the old man. And he is a little ______, too – it seems that he can’t stand other animals getting anywhere close to his ______.

The local fishermen show their kindness to the penguin and they think it is a great ______ not only for Jack himself but also for all the villagers. Jinling has been regarded ______ the village mascot (吉祥物) since 2012. However, some are ______ about this unusual relationship thinking about Jinling’s identity. But good friendship will last for long regardless of the ______, isn’t it ?

1.

A．native

B．loyal

C．reliable

D．accustomed

2.

A．passed

B．built

C．changed

D．finished

3.

A．serve

B．visit

C．impress

D．comfort

4.

A．thought

B．adventure

C．experience

D．friendship

5.

A．warmed

B．cleaned

C．cheered

D．covered

6.

A．rest

B．swim

C．run

D．breathe

7.

A．never

B．always

C．soon

D．already

8.

A．adapt

B．respond

C．return

D．travel

9.

A．thus

B．since

C．and

D．but

10.

A．city

B．land

C．goal

D．destination

11.

A．sadness

B．pleasure

C．satisfaction

D．surprise

12.

A．Because

B．If

C．Although

D．Until

13.

A．house

B．boat

C．company

D．pool

14.

A．saving

B．wasting

C．reducing

D．spending

15.

A．naughty

B．foolish

C．selfish

D．stubborn

16.

A．owner

B．colleague

C．companion

D．couple

17.

A．disaster

B．gift

C．teacher

D．encouragement

18.

A．for

B．of

C．to

D．as

19.

A．careless

B．worried

C．confident

D．angry

20.

A．species

B．age

C．hobby

D．space

6 . 听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
1. How high is the Great Pyramid?

A．About 130 metres.

B．About 135 metres.

C．About 137 metres.

2. How old is the Great Pyramid?

A．About 500 years.

B．About 4,500 years.

C．About 5,500 years.

3. What can we know about the Great Pyramid?

A．It has been destroyed.

B．It is being repaired.

C．It is too far away.

7 . 假如你是新华中学学生会主席李津，世界环保组织代表团将到你校参观访问，请你代表学校，根据以下提示，用英语写一篇介绍你校环保活动的演讲稿。
1.对代表团表示欢迎；
2.介绍你校的环保活动(如离开教室关闭电源；节约用水；垃圾分类；书籍的循环使用等)
3.环保活动对学校和个人的影响。
注意：(1)字数不少于100词；
(2)可适当增加细节使内容充实，行文连贯；
(3)开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen,

You are welcome to visit our school!

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Thanks for your listening.

8 . 5月30日神舟十六号飞船与天宫空间站对接，并传回他们的誓言。景海鹏：“我十分渴望再上太空。要跑好空间站属于我的那一棒，要做不负使命、不负时代的奋斗者、攀登者。”朱杨柱：“争取咱们的空间站早出、多出高水平的科技成果，产生更多的效益，让国家放心，让老百姓放心。”桂海潮：“我们是分工不分家，保证操作的稳妥可靠，同时又互为备份，有重大任务的时候能够合力出击，把任务完成好。”
假设你是李津，请代表同学们用英文写一封致敬信，并表达努力学习他们的精神。
内容包括：
1.对航天员表达敬慕之情；
2.学习他们不同的精神；
3.表达努力学习的决心。
注意：(1)词数不少于100词；
(2)可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
(3)开头及结束语已写好，不计入总词数。
Dear astronaut uncles,

Knowing that you three have succeeded taking the Shenzhou XVI spacecraft docking with the Tiangong space station on May 30th 2023, we sincerely extend our respects.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours faithfully,

Li Jin

9 . A research group, led by a scientist Professor Lilach Hadany at Tel Aviv University, have conducted a six-year experiment, proving that plants talk, particularly in certain stressful situations.

Plants were put in a sound-proof chamber (隔音室) and were recorded by two microphones. Some plants were in need of water, others were cut, and a control group were left undamaged. The researchers used an AI algorithm to separate the sounds successfully identifying the differences between the sounds made depending on whether they were dry or cut.

On average, the human ear can hear sounds up to around 20kHz, but the sounds produced by plants are in the 40-80kHz region, far beyond our hearing capabilities. That doesn’t mean they can’t be heard. “White unnoticed to the human ear, the sounds sent out by plants can probably be heard by various animals, such as bats, mice, and insects,” Hadany tells us. Though this has yet to be proven, it’s possible that these animals use this information for their benefit, choosing which plants to eat, for example.

While farming has become a science itself, there’s still a lot of estimation (估计) involved. If farmers were able to receive exact information directly from their crop, they could start a much more efficient method of care. The study thinks that more proper irrigation (灌溉) could save up to 50% of water cost and greatly improve the product. “In times when more and more areas are exposed to drought due to climate change, efficient water use becomes even more necessary, for both food safety and natural environment.” They would also be able to better identify and control disease in a crop.

The sounds sent out by plants are not cries for help, but rather a by-product of material stress rather than communication. Just as Hadany notes, “Obviously, a wonderful field of flowers can be a rather noisy place. It’s just that we can’t hear the sounds.”

1. The author tries to tell the readers in Para. 2 ______.

A．the differences between the sounds

B．the process of the experiments

C．the inventions from the farmers

D．the function of the plants

2. The researchers’ findings may contribute to the farmers of ______.

A．earning a lot of money

B．taking good care of their crop

C．recognizing the origin of the plant

D．making full preparations for a discovery

3. What can be learned about the experiment in Para. 3?

A．Some insects can notice the smell of the plants.

B．Not all the people can improve their work efficiency.

C．Neither animals nor plants can hear the sounds by people.

D．Some animals may use the sounds by plants to choose food.

4. What could be the best title for the passage?

A．Why people conduct experiments with plants.

B．Science matters, and we are making it.

C．Plants talk, and now we are listening.

D．How plants reduce their stress.

5. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?

A．To promote a new technology.

B．To recommend a research team.

C．To introduce a scientific discovery.

D．To explain a historical event.

10 . 阅读下面的短文，请根据短文后的要求答题。

Perhaps one of the most terrible weather phenomena is the tornado. The unpredictability of a tornado produces fear in many areas. Tornadoes are one of nature’s most devastating storms, but they don’t last long. The average length of a tornado is only five to thirty minutes, but the places they travel to are often ruined.

The strong winds of a tornado can tear just almost anything from the ground including trees, vehicles, and even houses. Another damaging effect of tornadoes is actually from the debris that the storm picks up. People have been buried alive by houses or mud picked up and then dropped by a tornado, but also lightning that the storm produces. It can cause fires and electrical problems.

If there is a tornado approaching, what safety measures should you take? First, it is important to realize that there is no specific way to know if a storm is going to produce a tornado. Scientists have only developed warning systems that tell them if a storm is capable of producing a tornado.

During severe weather, leave a radio on. It’s inexpensive and could save your life. If you hear the announcer say there is a tornado warning that means the conditions are correct for forming a tornado. A tornado warning means a tornado has been seen.

If you find yourself in danger, find shelter in the lowest possible place, such as a basement. If your home does not have a basement, go to the safest room. Stay away from windows or anything heavy like furniture. A bathroom is a good location. Take your battery-powered radio to your shelter and turn it on. Kneel on the floor and cover your head with your hands. This is the best position to avoid damage during a tornado.

1. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “devastating” in Paragraph 1? (No more than 2 words)
___________________________________________________________________
2. What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us? (No more than 6 words)
___________________________________________________________________
3. What help can warning systems about tornadoes give scientists? (No more than 15 words)
___________________________________________________________________
4. Why does the writer say a radio may save lives? (No more than 12 words)
___________________________________________________________________
5. What do you think about the tips on tornado safety? And why? (No more than 20 words)
___________________________________________________________________