1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Qian Xuesen is a great scientist, a man of distinction. He     1     (bear) in Hangzhou, was admitted to the aeronautics department of the MIT in 1934. After graduating with his PhD, he was employed as     2     assistant researcher at Caltech. Qian’s missile designs laid the foundation for the successful building of missiles in the US in the 1940s and 1950s,     3     (make) him a world-renowned rocketeer.

When he learnt of the     4     (thrill) news of the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, Qian resolutely gave up his privileged conditions in the US and decided to return to his longed-for homeland to contribute as much as he could     5     his own nation.

Upon returning to China, Qian Xuesen was actively involved in research work. Under his     6     (participate) and guidance, China successfully launched its first rocket in 1960,     7     in 1964, it was a great success to run the flight test of China’s first self-designed medium-range rocket. In 1965, Qian’s proposal     8     (develop) an artificial satellite was included in the country’s key projects, after     9     the first artificial satellite was finally launched into space in 1970.

In 1999, Qian Xuesen     10     (award) the “Two Bombs and One Satellite” Meritorious Medal by the government of PRC, and was hailed as the “Father of China’s Missiles” for his significant contributions to China’s space industry.

2 . During the summer of 2021, I flew to Greece to learn more about the wildfires there. I wanted to hear people’s stories, to understand what it meant to be displaced by environmental disaster.

In a cafe for people surviving the fire, I met brave children who now have to live with terrible scars, physical and emotional. I met a man who could not even speak to me, his eyes filling with tears.

I was expecting to hear a lot about loss; I was not expecting to learn so much about the attribution (归因) of blame. I came to understand how desperately people needed to blame a tangible entity (实体) –a person, a group of people, the government. Indeed, this was understandable and reasonable. The outbreak and mishandling of the fire needed to be explored, looked into and dealt with.

What surprised me, however, was that the survivors were completely silent over any mention of the climate crisis and global heating. It was made clear to me that this subject was unacceptable. Survivors felt that these issues had nothing to do with what they had suffered, and that the people actually responsible needed to pay.

But when it comes to climate breakdown, blame did not come to just one person, one corporation, one country. In Greece, the fire didn’t rage so hard because someone had set off a spark—— it raged so hard because years of global heating had dried up the land, part of a set of unsustainable (不能持续的) practices and inaction that had set our planet on fire. And now the fires are even worse.

The more I spoke to people, including climate scientists, the more I came to see that there is often a gap that separates science from public awareness. In her book “Engaging With Climate Change” Sally Weintrobe says that “many people who accept global warming continue to regard it as a problem of the future”. To my astonishment, this seemed to apply even to people who had themselves been affected directly by wildfires.

1. What did the author hardly expect to learn in Greece?

A．Kids’ scars.	B．Economic loss.
C．Survivors’ blame.	D．Duration of the fire.

2. What did the survivors think of the fire?

A．It was closely related to global heating.

B．They couldn’t accept its massive destruction.

C．The government should be responsible for it.

D．It resulted from someone’s setting fire to the forest.

3. What does Sally Weintrobe say about global warming?

A．Much attention has been given to it.

B．People don’t consider it serious now.

C．Scientists are urged to apply efficient way to it.

D．People should make their opinions about it heard.

4. What is the purpose of the passage?

A．To inform readers of wildfires in Greece.

B．To encourage readers to donate to survivors.

C．To equip people with surviving skills in wildfires.

D．To raise people’s awareness about the climate crisis.

3 . Soaring to 29, 035 feet, the famous Mount Everest had long been considered unclimbable due to the freezing weather, the obvious potential fall from cliffs and the effects of the extreme high altitude, often called “mountain sickness.” But that was to be changed by Edmund Hillary.

When he was invited to join the British Everest expedition in 1953, Edmund Hillary was a highly capable climber. The glacier-covered peaks in his hometown in New Zealand proved a perfect training ground for the Himalaya. It was his fourth Himalayan expedition in just over two years and he was at the peak of fitness.

On May 28, 1953, Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay, an experienced Sherpa (夏尔巴人) set out and reached the South Summit by 9 a. m. next day. But after that, the ridge (山脊) slightly fell before rising suddenly in a rocky spur (尖坡) about 17 meters high just before the true summit. The formation is difficult to climb due to its extreme pitch because a mistake would be deadly. Scratching at the snow with his ax, Hillary managed to overcome this enormous obstacle, later to be known as the Hillary Step.

At 11:30 a. m, the two men found themselves standing at the top of the world. “Not until we were about 50 feet of the top was I ever completely convinced that we were actually going to reach the summit.” Hillary later recounted, “Of course I was very, very pleased to be on the summit, but my first thought was a little bit of surprise. After all, this is the ambition of all mountaineers.”

Emerging as the first to summit Mount Everest, Hillary Hillary continued by helping explore Antarctica, and establishing the Himalayan Trust (信托基金), through which he provided a number of beneficial services to the Himalayan peoples. He also a sizeable legacy that mountain climbers have chased ever since. As a young climber said, “It was not just Hillary and Tenzing that reached the summit of Mount Everest. It was all of humanity. Suddenly, all of us could go.”

1. What made Edmund Hillary a capable climber on the 1953 expedition?

A．His undisputed reputation.	B．His remarkable physical condition.
C．His previous training on Mount Everest.	D．His exceptional ability to adapt to the cold.

2. What does the Hillary Step refer to?

A．A mistake Hillary avoided making.	B．A steep spur of rock Hillary conquered.
C．An ax Hillary used to scratch snow.	D．A sudden fall of a ridge Hillary skipped.

3. What was Hillary’s initial feeling upon reaching the summit of Mount Everest?

A．Overwhelming joy.	B．Enormous pride.
C．Complete disbelief.	D．A touch of astonishment.

4. What was the impact of Hillary’s achievement on mountaineering?

A．It opens up possibilities for other climbers.

B．It enabled him to give back to his hometown.

C．It left financial benefits for climbers to pursue.

D．It led to friendly regulations for mountaineering.

4 . Disney announced Tuesday that it has partnered with Impossible Foods to serve plant-based hamburgers at Disneyland in Anaheim, California. Impossible Foods makes hamburgers that taste like meat but are made from plants instead of ______ . They’re popular with customers who are ______ meat to protect animals and the environment. This agreement with Disney is a big step toward that ______ .

The plant-based product isn’t just another kind of ______ hamburgers on the menu. Supporters argue that they could ______ most of the problems related to animal meat. All around the world, many people like the taste of meat and demand for meat products keeps ______ . But traditional hamburgers involve (涉及) animal cruelty and public health problems, and ______ a lot of greenhouse gases.

Now plant-based hamburgers run to the ______ ! They don’t involve raising animals on factory farms. And a(n) ______ of the plant-based hamburger shows that it has a smaller carbon footprint. It also uses 87% less water and 96% less land. That’s a huge ______ .

That’s why Americans have been increasingly interested in meat replacements that don’t require them to ______ what they love about meat: the flavor and taste. The teams behind the plant-based meat products work to ______ their products have the flavor and cooking experience of meat.

“Our ______ have warmly welcomed our plant-based products at Disneyland. We are ______ to expand our menu,” Disney wrote in the announcement. “With the Impossible partnership, we are expanding our menu further to give even more visitors the ______ to get a taste of plant-based foods.”

1.

A．vegetables

B．animals

C．chickens

D．sausages

2.

A．avoiding

B．eating

C．buying

D．donating

3.

A．disaster

B．problem

C．goal

D．conclusion

4.

A．cheap

B．unhealthy

C．ugly

D．tasty

5.

A．solve

B．study

C．show

D．meet

6.

A．dropping

B．reviving

C．growing

D．competing

7.

A．harvest

B．produce

C．absorb

D．need

8.

A．park

B．trap

C．ruin

D．rescue

9.

A．menu

B．variety

C．analysis

D．application

10.

A．improvement

B．loss

C．market

D．size

11.

A．concentrate on

B．give up

C．make up

D．depend on

12.

A．ignore

B．appreciate

C．ensure

D．imagine

13.

A．characters

B．students

C．adults

D．guests

14.

A．forced

B．stopped

C．amused

D．inspired

15.

A．courage

B．hope

C．chance

D．power

5 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. Who does the speaker probably speak to?

A．Students.

B．Teachers.

C．Parents.

2. What kind of bags does the speaker suggest using?

A．Paper bags.

B．Plastic bags.

C．Reusable bags.

3. What is the speaker’s second suggestion?

A．Unplugging the devices.

B．Using energy-saving devices.

C．Standing beside the devices.

4. Why does the speaker make the speech?

A．To call for people to take action.

B．To correct some wrong ideas.

C．To discuss different habits in life.

6 . Cancer-fighting genes in elephants could help tackle one of the biggest killers of people, according to research. Despite their large bodies and long lifespans, elephants are much less likely to die from cancer than humans, with death rates of less than 5 percent.

The paradox has puzzled scientists because more cells lead to greater replications (复制), which increases the possibility of the body failing to detect damaged DNA or a faulty cell that can result in tumors(肿瘤). Elephants live for almost as long as humans and weigh up to five tons.

However, a group of British and European scientists say they have taken a big step towards solving Peto’s paradox, named after the British epidemiologist Sir Richard Peto. Elephants, they say, carry a much larger more diverse group of tumor-fighting proteins.

The findings, published last week in the journal Molecular Biology and Evolution, raise hopes that the cancer fighting genes in elephants could be the key to tackling cancer, which kills about 167, 000 Britons yearly. Cells keep dividing throughout an organism’s life, each carrying the risk of producing a tumor. One of the body’s weapons is a gene called p53 known as the “guardian of the genome”, which hunts cells with faulty DNA. It encourages the cell to repair itself or self-destruct, keeping the cell from combining with others and producing tumors.

Humans have two versions of p53 but elephants have 40, said the researchers. Biochemical analysis and computer simulations also showed that an elephant’s p53 genes are structurally slightly different, providing a much larger anti-cancer toolkit. The researchers suspect that while faulty cells might be able to skirt two p53 versions, they cannot combine with other cells as easily in the face of dozens.

The findings will open the way for research on how p53 genes of elephants are activated and on medical treatment for humans.

1. What has puzzled scientists?

A．Few elephants end up dying from cancer.	B．Elephants live long and weigh enormously.
C．More cells lead to higher chances of tumors.	D．A larger body is less likely to discover faulty cells.

2. What can be learnt from Paragraph 4?

A．How many Britons die each year.	B．How the anti-cancer gene works.
C．How the research was carried out.	D．What the findings have been applied to.

3. What does the underlined word “skirt” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?

A．Strengthen.

B．Detect.

C．Escaped.

D．Cure.

4. Which is the text mainly about?

A．Scientists find elephants live longer than humans.	B．P53 genes play essential role in preventing cancer.
C．Elephant genes could be key to fighting cancer.	D．Groundbreaking treatment for cancer is on the way.

7 . 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。

I was eating breakfast at home in Hampshire in March this year, scrolling through social media on my phone, when a story caught my eye. It was about a nine-year-old dog, Charlie, dubbed (称为) the loneliest in Britain. He had been in a rescue centre in Somerset for more than 500 days.

For some reason, nobody wanted to adopt him. I clicked on the link and straight away these huge, sad eyes stared back at me. I was emotional. I turned to my husband, Sam, and said: "We’ve got to have him.” He read the article over my shoulder and felt exactly the same way. We wanted to give Charlie a happy home and a new lease of life.

Over the past few years we have tried to adopt a few different dogs, but we haven’ had any luck — we were never top of the list. Sam and I got used to filling in forms and not hearing anything. We’d almost given up hope.

But Charlie is an older dog and we felt we’d be suited — even older dogs have a lot of love left to offer. So we took our time with the application, sent photographs of our house and garden. We explained why Charlie would be happy with us, and then forgot all about it.

A few days later we received an email from Brent Knoll animal centre, saying we’d been shortlisted. We were thrilled. They asked us to visit Charlie to be interviewed and to see if he liked us.

When we arrived we were taken to the staff room. We didn’t know what to expect. We hadn’t been told much about Charlie’s circumstances, but as he had been given up for adoption and hadn’t been placed with a new owner for so long, we thought there might be issues. But the dog that bounded (蹦跳) in was full of joy and charisma.

注意:
1. 续写词数应为 150左右:
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

He came straight over to us.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

We feel proud that we’ve given Charlie a new home and a second chance.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8 . Joseph Dituri hasn’t seen the sun for days. The biomedical engineer has been underwater, with the goal of spending 100 days there in the name of ________. Dituri is living in Jules’ Undersea Lodge in Florida. The100-square-foot hotel is his intended home until the mission finishes, where he’ll ________ his research.

The submerged stay, if ________, will also break the previous record of 73 days set by two Tennessee educators in 2014.

During the project, Dituri is attempting to ________ the effects of living in a high-pressure environment for a(n)________ period. The human body has-never been underwater that long, so he will be ________ closely. For example, he’ll be ________ to electrocardiograms, which measure the heart’s function. “I ________ there will be improvements to my health,” Dituri said. His assumption is not made ________—a previous study indicated potential ________ of pressure exposure to cell growth. Dituri hopes this journey could ________ the treatment for age-related diseases.

Beyond research, the project is also a chance to promote ocean ________ “The ocean is in a bit of trouble,” Dituri said in a video. “We also want to use the attention that the 100-day mission would draw to________ young people’s curiosity and passion.” Dituri will invite about 40 children to stay with him for 24 hours at a time.

“________ I only stayed 60 days, I eventually would turn a whole bunch of kids on to the exploration of the sea. That would be a ________,” he said in an interview.

1.

A．reputation

B．freedom

C．science

D．entertainment

2.

A．publish

B．conduct

C．advertise

D．review

3.

A．necessary

B．convenient

C．accessible

D．successful

4.

A．forecast

B．document

C．imagine

D．relieve

5.

A．extended

B．busy

C．early

D．essential

6.

A．informed

B．persuaded

C．monitored

D．satisfied

7.

A．sensitive

B．subjected

C．familiar

D．restricted

8.

A．remember

B．realize

C．suppose

D．admit

9.

A．cautiously

B．intentionally

C．fearlessly

D．groundlessly

10.

A．costs

B．difference

C．practicality

D．benefits

11.

A．make for

B．hold over

C．refer to

D．depend on

12.

A．conservation

B．expansion

C．tourism

D．transport

13.

A．dampen

B．express

C．stimulate

D．appreciate

14.

A．Now that

B．In case

C．Provided that

D．Even if

15.

A．win

B．burden

C．shame

D．lesson

9 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Years ago, the authors conducted human-wildlife conflict surveys in the Tibet Autonomous Region’s counties,     1     (locate) in the TAR’s remote Chang Tang region. These surveys showed     2     previously undocumented and growing problem of human-snow leopard conflict. Next, snow leopard telephone interviews were conducted with Tibet Forestry Bureau staff,     3     (result) in an additional new conflict and sighting location records. This new location information, together with records provided by other observers,     4     (collect) to make a snow leopard distribution (分布) map.

This effort greatly expanded knowledge of the snow leopard’s distribution in this region,     5     remains one of the least understood of the snow leopard’s key range areas. New knowledge on snow leopard in the Chang Tang will help identify human-snow leopard conflict hot spots and influence design of human-snow leopard conflict relief and conservation strategies for northwest Tibet. Nevertheless, much field work will also be required     6     (describe) snow leopard distribution in the Chang Tang.

Importantly, in the past few years, a number of major transportation infrastructure (基础设施) projects     7     (make) the Chang Tang more accessible. This has led to a     8     (great) increased number of tourists visiting western Tibet, Mt. Kailash and Lake Manasarovar     9     particular. All these developments have a large potential to cause disturbance to snow leopards and their prey species, including influencing their movements     10     destroying their habitat.

10 . This summer has brought extreme heat and droughts to places around the world. The droughts are leading to serious problems, including shortages of food and energy, problems with transportation, and food price increases. The effects of the droughts are likely to be felt for years.

From Africa to Europe to the US to China, record temperatures and low rainfall have been causing problems. Droughts aren’t new, but Earth’s rising temperatures because of global warming are making them much harder to avoid.

The drought in the Horn of Africa may be the most serious situation. For several years, the area has had very little rain during the rainy seasons. Now the area, which includes Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia, is suffering from its worst drought in 40 years.

Almost two-thirds of Europe is threatened (威胁) by what may be the worst drought there in 500 years. With temperatures reaching 40℃ and hotter, many crops have been damaged. In France, Spain, Portugal, and even Britain, firefighters have struggled to control wildfires.

In the US, many states that use water from the Colorado River are struggling with low water levels. Farmers in California and Arizona have been hit particularly hard. In California water use is being limited now and farmers aren’t able to grow as many crops. That can drive up food prices, and that affects everyone.

China is facing similar problems. It has been attacked by a terrible drought this summer, with temperatures as high as 45℃. The drought has dried up much of the water in the Yangtze, China’s longest river. That has cut the amount of energy produced by the world’s largest dam by 40%.

There are no easy solutions for any of these droughts. It took years to create the climate crisis, and it will take a long time to get it under control. For now, governments and people will need to carefully manage water supplies and other resources to limit the damage as much as possible.

1. What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A．Problems.	B．Droughts.
C．The effects of the droughts.	D．Earth’s rising temperatures.

2. What make farmers in California grow fewer crops?

A．Wildfires.	B．Food prices.
C．Water limits.	D．High water levels.

3. How does the author develop the text?

A．By giving some examples.	B．By offering some reasons.
C．By answering some questions.	D．By explaining some puzzles.

4. What would be the best title for the text?

A．The Reasons Behind Worldwide Droughts

B．The Effects of Extreme Heat and Droughts

C．Droughts Cause Problems Around the World

D．Solutions Are Needed for Worldwide Droughts