1 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. Who does the speaker probably speak to?

A．Students.

B．Teachers.

C．Parents.

2. What kind of bags does the speaker suggest using?

A．Paper bags.

B．Plastic bags.

C．Reusable bags.

3. What is the speaker’s second suggestion?

A．Unplugging the devices.

B．Using energy-saving devices.

C．Standing beside the devices.

4. Why does the speaker make the speech?

A．To call for people to take action.

B．To correct some wrong ideas.

C．To discuss different habits in life.

2 . Cancer-fighting genes in elephants could help tackle one of the biggest killers of people, according to research. Despite their large bodies and long lifespans, elephants are much less likely to die from cancer than humans, with death rates of less than 5 percent.

The paradox has puzzled scientists because more cells lead to greater replications (复制), which increases the possibility of the body failing to detect damaged DNA or a faulty cell that can result in tumors(肿瘤). Elephants live for almost as long as humans and weigh up to five tons.

However, a group of British and European scientists say they have taken a big step towards solving Peto’s paradox, named after the British epidemiologist Sir Richard Peto. Elephants, they say, carry a much larger more diverse group of tumor-fighting proteins.

The findings, published last week in the journal Molecular Biology and Evolution, raise hopes that the cancer fighting genes in elephants could be the key to tackling cancer, which kills about 167, 000 Britons yearly. Cells keep dividing throughout an organism’s life, each carrying the risk of producing a tumor. One of the body’s weapons is a gene called p53 known as the “guardian of the genome”, which hunts cells with faulty DNA. It encourages the cell to repair itself or self-destruct, keeping the cell from combining with others and producing tumors.

Humans have two versions of p53 but elephants have 40, said the researchers. Biochemical analysis and computer simulations also showed that an elephant’s p53 genes are structurally slightly different, providing a much larger anti-cancer toolkit. The researchers suspect that while faulty cells might be able to skirt two p53 versions, they cannot combine with other cells as easily in the face of dozens.

The findings will open the way for research on how p53 genes of elephants are activated and on medical treatment for humans.

1. What has puzzled scientists?

A．Few elephants end up dying from cancer.	B．Elephants live long and weigh enormously.
C．More cells lead to higher chances of tumors.	D．A larger body is less likely to discover faulty cells.

2. What can be learnt from Paragraph 4?

A．How many Britons die each year.	B．How the anti-cancer gene works.
C．How the research was carried out.	D．What the findings have been applied to.

3. What does the underlined word “skirt” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?

A．Strengthen.

B．Detect.

C．Escaped.

D．Cure.

4. Which is the text mainly about?

A．Scientists find elephants live longer than humans.	B．P53 genes play essential role in preventing cancer.
C．Elephant genes could be key to fighting cancer.	D．Groundbreaking treatment for cancer is on the way.

3 . Joseph Dituri hasn’t seen the sun for days. The biomedical engineer has been underwater, with the goal of spending 100 days there in the name of ________. Dituri is living in Jules’ Undersea Lodge in Florida. The100-square-foot hotel is his intended home until the mission finishes, where he’ll ________ his research.

The submerged stay, if ________, will also break the previous record of 73 days set by two Tennessee educators in 2014.

During the project, Dituri is attempting to ________ the effects of living in a high-pressure environment for a(n)________ period. The human body has-never been underwater that long, so he will be ________ closely. For example, he’ll be ________ to electrocardiograms, which measure the heart’s function. “I ________ there will be improvements to my health,” Dituri said. His assumption is not made ________—a previous study indicated potential ________ of pressure exposure to cell growth. Dituri hopes this journey could ________ the treatment for age-related diseases.

Beyond research, the project is also a chance to promote ocean ________ “The ocean is in a bit of trouble,” Dituri said in a video. “We also want to use the attention that the 100-day mission would draw to________ young people’s curiosity and passion.” Dituri will invite about 40 children to stay with him for 24 hours at a time.

“________ I only stayed 60 days, I eventually would turn a whole bunch of kids on to the exploration of the sea. That would be a ________,” he said in an interview.

1.

A．reputation

B．freedom

C．science

D．entertainment

2.

A．publish

B．conduct

C．advertise

D．review

3.

A．necessary

B．convenient

C．accessible

D．successful

4.

A．forecast

B．document

C．imagine

D．relieve

5.

A．extended

B．busy

C．early

D．essential

6.

A．informed

B．persuaded

C．monitored

D．satisfied

7.

A．sensitive

B．subjected

C．familiar

D．restricted

8.

A．remember

B．realize

C．suppose

D．admit

9.

A．cautiously

B．intentionally

C．fearlessly

D．groundlessly

10.

A．costs

B．difference

C．practicality

D．benefits

11.

A．make for

B．hold over

C．refer to

D．depend on

12.

A．conservation

B．expansion

C．tourism

D．transport

13.

A．dampen

B．express

C．stimulate

D．appreciate

14.

A．Now that

B．In case

C．Provided that

D．Even if

15.

A．win

B．burden

C．shame

D．lesson

4 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Years ago, the authors conducted human-wildlife conflict surveys in the Tibet Autonomous Region’s counties,     1     (locate) in the TAR’s remote Chang Tang region. These surveys showed     2     previously undocumented and growing problem of human-snow leopard conflict. Next, snow leopard telephone interviews were conducted with Tibet Forestry Bureau staff,     3     (result) in an additional new conflict and sighting location records. This new location information, together with records provided by other observers,     4     (collect) to make a snow leopard distribution (分布) map.

This effort greatly expanded knowledge of the snow leopard’s distribution in this region,     5     remains one of the least understood of the snow leopard’s key range areas. New knowledge on snow leopard in the Chang Tang will help identify human-snow leopard conflict hot spots and influence design of human-snow leopard conflict relief and conservation strategies for northwest Tibet. Nevertheless, much field work will also be required     6     (describe) snow leopard distribution in the Chang Tang.

Importantly, in the past few years, a number of major transportation infrastructure (基础设施) projects     7     (make) the Chang Tang more accessible. This has led to a     8     (great) increased number of tourists visiting western Tibet, Mt. Kailash and Lake Manasarovar     9     particular. All these developments have a large potential to cause disturbance to snow leopards and their prey species, including influencing their movements     10     destroying their habitat.

5 . This summer has brought extreme heat and droughts to places around the world. The droughts are leading to serious problems, including shortages of food and energy, problems with transportation, and food price increases. The effects of the droughts are likely to be felt for years.

From Africa to Europe to the US to China, record temperatures and low rainfall have been causing problems. Droughts aren’t new, but Earth’s rising temperatures because of global warming are making them much harder to avoid.

The drought in the Horn of Africa may be the most serious situation. For several years, the area has had very little rain during the rainy seasons. Now the area, which includes Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia, is suffering from its worst drought in 40 years.

Almost two-thirds of Europe is threatened (威胁) by what may be the worst drought there in 500 years. With temperatures reaching 40℃ and hotter, many crops have been damaged. In France, Spain, Portugal, and even Britain, firefighters have struggled to control wildfires.

In the US, many states that use water from the Colorado River are struggling with low water levels. Farmers in California and Arizona have been hit particularly hard. In California water use is being limited now and farmers aren’t able to grow as many crops. That can drive up food prices, and that affects everyone.

China is facing similar problems. It has been attacked by a terrible drought this summer, with temperatures as high as 45℃. The drought has dried up much of the water in the Yangtze, China’s longest river. That has cut the amount of energy produced by the world’s largest dam by 40%.

There are no easy solutions for any of these droughts. It took years to create the climate crisis, and it will take a long time to get it under control. For now, governments and people will need to carefully manage water supplies and other resources to limit the damage as much as possible.

1. What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A．Problems.	B．Droughts.
C．The effects of the droughts.	D．Earth’s rising temperatures.

2. What make farmers in California grow fewer crops?

A．Wildfires.	B．Food prices.
C．Water limits.	D．High water levels.

3. How does the author develop the text?

A．By giving some examples.	B．By offering some reasons.
C．By answering some questions.	D．By explaining some puzzles.

4. What would be the best title for the text?

A．The Reasons Behind Worldwide Droughts

B．The Effects of Extreme Heat and Droughts

C．Droughts Cause Problems Around the World

D．Solutions Are Needed for Worldwide Droughts

6 . Do you know that the oldest tree is a 5, 000-year old bristlecone pine (狐尾松) located in the forests of Nevada? Unfortunately, many of these precious old-growth trees are starting to disappear from our planet. The term old-growth refers to trees that are 150 years or older. This means that many of the trees on the Earth today are younger, smaller, and have shorter lifespans.

As the Earth’s temperature warms up due to climate change, it is having unintended effects on the world’s forests. When temperatures rise, trees close their pores (气孔) to prevent the loss of moisture, and this, in turn, slows down the process of photosynthesis (光合作用). As a result, these trees are shorter and grow slowly, as well as have a high deathrate. Climate change also increases the possibility of droughts and wildfires. After wildfires, it takes a while for the forest ecosystems to recover, and in some cases, the forests are lost permanently. Trees that are stressed are also susceptible (易受影响的) to attacks by bacteria (细菌). Finally, humans have changed the forest landscape through logging (伐木).

There are some who claim that increased greenhouse gas emission is helping trees grow faster because CO₂, is needed for photosynthesis. While some younger trees may benefit from this, we are seeing significantly more loss of forests than gain.

Old-growth forests are a storehouse of carbon, and when they die, the stored CO₂, is released into the air worsening the greenhouse effect. Older forests have higher biodiversity, which is beneficial as each organism has a role to play and there is a wide variety of species. As these forests disappear, species that once called them “home” are forced to relocate, affecting the biodiversity of those ecosystems. Unfortunately, some endangered species are unable to adapt and go extinct.

With trees dying continuously, will future generations miss out on the wonders of forests?

1. What is the main idea of the second paragraph?

A．Why bacteria may attack old trees.	B．What leads to the rising temperatures.
C．Why old-growth forests are disappearing.	D．How global warming causes natural disasters.

2. What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 4 refer to?

A．Species.

B．Older forests.

C．Organisms.

D．Roles organisms play.

3. The last sentence of the text is actually____________.

A．a doubt

B．a warning

C．a blame

D．a suggestion

4. What is the author’s purpose of writing this text?

A．To urge people to reduce gas emission.	B．To explain the greenhouse effect on trees.
C．To introduce the process of photosynthesis.	D．To call on people to protect old-growth trees.

7 . 由于人类活动破坏了野生动物的生活环境和空间，使许多野生动物濒临灭绝，据统计世界上每天大约有75种生物灭绝。针对这一现象，请你代表学生会，向同学们发出倡议保护野生动物。
内容包括：1.野生动物灭绝的原因（栖息地的破坏；寻求其皮毛等）
2.保护措施（严惩非法捕杀；建立自然保护区；唤醒人们的保护意识等）
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
提示词：自然保护区natural reserves 捕猎者 hunter
Dear fellow students,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The Students Union

8 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

This gateway town to Yellowstone National Park has become     1     dead end and a sufferer of the extremely serious flooding that tore through one of America’s most beloved natural     2     (attraction) and swept away roads, bridges and homes.

The unprecedented (前所未有的) flood has affected the entire park     3     forced the evacuation (撤离) of 10,000 visitors. And towns like Red Lodge that lead to Yellowstone’s northern entrances and rely on tourists passing through could suffer all summer.

Officials have said the park’s southern part, which     4     (feature) Old Faithful, can reopen as soon as next week. But the north end,     5     includes Tower Fall and the bears and wolves of Lamar Valley, can stay     6     (close) for months after sections of major roads inside Yellowstone were washed away or buried in rockfall. Roads     7     (lead) to the park also have widespread damage that it can take months     8     (repair).

Red Lodge is facing a double disaster: It will have to clean up the damage     9     (do) by the flood and also figure out how to survive without the summer business that     10     (normal) supports it for the rest of the year.

9 . Whales are threatened by a variety of human activities off the West Coast of the United States, including fishing, ship traffic, and pollution. They have bad effects on whale populations, but are rarely addressed by current whale-protection policies in California, according to a study from the University of California, Davis.

The study, published for open access this week in the journal Marine Policy, examines the main causes of death for nine whale species in the California Current Ecosystem, which stretches from British Columbia, Canada to Baja California, Mexico. The whales considered in the study include gray, blue, fin, minke, North Pacific right, and killer whales.

“We find that it is people that deem fishing causes whale death,” said co-leading author Eliza Oldach. “But a number of human activities have made the modern ocean a really tough environment for whales to survive. We’re excited about efforts that look broadly to rebuild healthy oceans.”

The report found that main contributors to whale death are currently, targeted with relevant policy responses: noise, water quality and marine (海洋的) rubbish. But three other threats-nutritional stress, disease and predation (捕食) -need to also be considered to provide a more whole approach toward managing whale deaths.

“Gray whales migrate (迁徙) over 5,000 miles between their breeding grounds at either end of the California Current,” said co-leading author Helen Killeen. “Throughout their journey, they must pass through a large number of human activities, fighting with changes to their environment caused by climate change.”

The study comes as the California Ocean Protection Council (COPC) aims to develop a plan for achieving zero death for whales in the California Current Ecosystem this year. Achieving such a goal requires understanding the key drivers of whale deaths and opportunities for policy change, the report said.

1. Which activity will lead to whales’ death?

A．Going fishing with your friends in a river.	B．Playing with your friends beside the sea.
C．Going sailing with your family on weekends.	D．Throwing rubbish in the sea as you are playing.

2. What’s meaning of the underlined word “deem” in Paragraph 3?

A．Catch.

B．Complain.

C．Think.

D．Describe.

3. What can we learn from Helen’s words?

A．Gray whales are fond of travelling.	B．Gray whales’ migration is full of danger.
C．Human being is the only killer of whales.	D．Whales’ death is mainly caused by climate.

4. What should COPC do prevent whales’ death?

A．Get rid of the present policy.	B．Plant more trees along the sea.
C．Know what actually leads to it.	D．Find a right place for them to live.

10 . Our city is in a sorry state. Outdoor pollution kills 4.2 million people a year, according to the World Health Organization. Concrete and tarmac (柏油碎石材料) absorb the sun’s rays rather than reflecting them back into space, and also replace plants which would otherwise cool things down. The continuous spread of buildings and roads thus turns urban areas into heat islands, discomforting residents and worsening dangerous heatwaves.

A possible answer is trees. Their leaves may destroy at least some chemical pollutants (污染物) and provide shade. In 2019, researchers at the University of Wisconsin found that American cities need 40% tree coverage to cut urban heat back meaningfully. Unfortunately, not all cities — and especially not those springing up in the world’s poor countries — are blessed with parks, private gardens or even street trees in sufficient numbers.

Miyawaki Akira, a plant ecologist at Yorkhama National University, in Japan, has developed a new way to increase unban greening. It is to plant miniature simulacra (微型仿制品) of natural forests in the unpromising abandoned areas. Dr Miyawaki has organised the planting of more than 1, 500 of these miniature forests, first in Japan, then in other parts of the world. Others are following in his footsteps. India is particularly keen. In Mumbai, more than 200,000 trees are found in Miyawaki forests throughout the city. Hyderabad started growing the largest individual forest of the lot in 2020.

The Miyawaki method will never work out on a large scale. Relying on nature and the passage of time is probably the best for replanting extensive areas of damaged woodlands. But if your goal is to better your immediate neighborhood, rather than to save the planet from global warming, then Dr. Miyawaki might well be your man.

1. What do we know from Paragraph 1?

A．Plants are replaced to cool things down.

B．Urban areas are becoming pollution hotspots.

C．Buildings and roads make residents comfortable.

D．Concrete and tarmac reflect heat back into space.

2. What does the research in 2019 imply?

A．Plants provide shade for urban residents.	B．Tree coverage needs to be further expanded.
C．The situation in urban areas gets steadily worse.	D．Trees cut down chemical pollution from factories.

3. What can we learn about the Miyawaki method?

A．It originated from India.	B．It takes effect as expected.
C．It makes no difference to Mumbai.	D．It is finding increasing favour.

4. What is the passage mainly about?

A．A practical strategy to save our planet.	B．A flexible schedule to settle a challenge.
C．A partial solution to the lack of urban greening.	D．An effective measure to prevent global warming.